Theodore Ruel, MD
Professor
Pediatrics
School of Medicine

Within the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT), I serve as Chair of the Treatment Scientific Committee, that helps to set the network's research agenda for pregnant women and children. I also serve in professional roles that allow me to accelerate the adoption of new evidence into treatment guidelines. I serve as co-chair of the NIH/DHHS Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children that publishes treatment guidelines for children in the USA, and co-chair to the Pediatric Antiretroviral Working Group at the World Health Organization. I also provide clinical care to families and children living with or otherwise affected by HIV in the Bay Area.

• Infants Receiving Very Early Antiretroviral Therapy Have High CD4 Counts in the First Year of Life.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023 Nelson BS, Tierney C, Persaud D, Jao J, Cotton MF, Bryson Y, Coletti A, Ruel TD, Spector SA, Reding C, Bacon K, Costello D, Perlowski C, Santos Cruz ML, Kosgei J, Majji S, Yin DE, Jean-Philippe P, …
• Antiretroviral postnatal prophylaxis to prevent HIV vertical transmission: present and future strategies.
  Journal of the International AIDS Society 2023 Penazzato M, Kasirye I, Ruel T, Mukui I, Bekker A, Archary M, Musoke P, Essajee S, Siberry GK, Mahy M, Simnoue D, Simione B, Zech JM, Mushavi A, Abrams EJ, PNP meeting participants
• Tilting the Scale: Current Provider Perspectives and Practices on Breastfeeding with HIV in the United States.
  AIDS patient care and STDs 2023 Lai A, Young ES, Kohrman H, Chateau G, Cohan D, Pollock L, Hahn M, Namusaazi B, Toini OT, Levison J, Ruel T
• Potential of Long-Acting Products to Transform the Treatment and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Infants, Children, and Adolescents.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022 Abrams EJ, Capparelli E, Ruel T, Mirochnick M
• Advancing the prevention and treatment of HIV in children: priorities for research and development.
  The lancet. HIV 2022 Penazzato M, Townsend CL, Sam-Agudu NA, Ruel TD, Archary M, Bekker A, Cressey TR, Colbers A, Sugandhi N, Rojo P, Rakhmanina N, Watkins M, Frigati L, Mukui I, Hafiz A, Vicari M, Capparelli EV, Abrams …
• What babies need: accelerating access to current and novel antiretroviral drugs in neonates through pharmacokinetic studies.
  The lancet. HIV 2022 Jacobs TG, Schouwenburg S, Penazzato M, Archary M, Ruel TD, van den Anker J, Burger DM, Cressey TR, Abrams EJ, Lyall H, Bekker A, Colbers A, Penta Clinical Pharmacology Working Group, PADO-HIV 5 …
• "I was still very young": agency, stigma and HIV care strategies at school, baseline results of a qualitative study among youth in rural Kenya and Uganda.
  Journal of the International AIDS Society 2022 Johnson-Peretz J, Lebu S, Akatukwasa C, Getahun M, Ruel T, Lee J, Ayieko J, Mwangwa F, Owino L, Onyango A, Maeri I, Atwine F, Charlebois ED, Bukusi EA, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Camlin CS
• Two or more significant life-events in 6-months are associated with lower rates of HIV treatment and virologic suppression among youth with HIV in Uganda and Kenya.
  AIDS care 2022 Mwangwa F, Charlebois ED, Ayieko J, Olio W, Black D, Peng J, Kwarisiima D, Kabami J, Balzer LB, Petersen ML, Kapogiannis B, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Ruel TD
• Pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of dolutegravir dispersible tablets in infants and children with HIV-1 (IMPAACT P1093): results of an open-label, phase 1-2 trial.
  The lancet. HIV 2022 Ruel TD, Acosta EP, Liu JP, Gray KP, George K, Montañez N, Popson S, Buchanan AM, Bartlett M, Dayton D, Anthony P, Brothers C, Vavro C, Singh R, Koech L, Vhembo T, Mmbaga BT, Pinto JA, Dobbels EFM, …
• Targeted newborn metabolomics: prediction of gestational age from cord blood.
  Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2022 Jasper EA, Oltman SP, Rogers EE, Dagle JM, Murray JC, Kamya M, Kakuru A, Kajubi R, Ochieng T, Adrama H, Okitwi M, Olwoch P, Jagannathan P, Clark TD, Dorsey G, Ruel T, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Ryckman KK
• Emergence of Resistance in HIV-1 Integrase with Dolutegravir Treatment in a Pediatric Population from the IMPAACT P1093 Study.
  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2021 Vavro C, Ruel T, Wiznia A, Montañez N, Nangle K, Horton J, Buchanan AM, Stewart EL, Palumbo P
• A Mobile Health App (WYZ) for Engagement in Care and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Youth and Young Adults Living With HIV: Single-Arm Pilot Intervention Study.
  JMIR formative research 2021 Saberi P, Lisha NE, Erguera XA, Hudes ES, Johnson MO, Ruel T, Neilands TB
• Implementation of a Newborn Clinical Decision Support Software (NoviGuide) in a Rural District Hospital in Eastern Uganda: Feasibility and Acceptability Study.
  JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2021 Muhindo M, Bress J, Kalanda R, Armas J, Danziger E, Kamya MR, Butler LM, Ruel T
• Gestational age dating using newborn metabolic screening: A validation study in Busia, Uganda.
  Journal of global health 2021 Oltman SP, Jasper EA, Kajubi R, Ochieng T, Kakuru A, Adrama H, Okitwi M, Olwoch P, Kamya M, Bedell B, McCarthy M, Dagle J, Jagannathan P, Clark TD, Dorsey G, Rand L, Ruel T, Rogers EE, Ryckman KK, …
• Infant sex modifies associations between placental malaria and risk of malaria in infancy.
  Malaria journal 2020 Kakuru A, Roh ME, Kajubi R, Ochieng T, Ategeka J, Ochokoru H, Nakalembe M, Clark TD, Ruel T, Staedke SG, Chandramohan D, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Jagannathan P
• Adolescent participation in HIV research: consortium experience in low and middle-income countries and scoping review.
  The lancet. HIV 2020 Day S, Kapogiannis BG, Shah SK, Wilson EC, Ruel TD, Conserve DF, Strode A, Donenberg GR, Kohler P, Slack C, Ezechi O, Tucker JD, PATC3H Consortium Adolescent Bioethics Working Group
• Pharmacokinetics and safety of early nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy for neonates at high risk for perinatal HIV infection: a phase 1/2 proof of concept study.
  The lancet. HIV 2020 Ruel TD, Capparelli EV, Tierney C, Nelson BS, Coletti A, Bryson Y, Cotton MF, Spector SA, Mirochnick M, LeBlanc R, Reding C, Zimmer B, Persaud D, Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, Naidoo KL, Hazra R, Jean-…
• Impact of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on the incidence of malaria in infancy: a randomized controlled trial.
  BMC medicine 2020 Kakuru A, Jagannathan P, Kajubi R, Ochieng T, Ochokoru H, Nakalembe M, Clark TD, Ruel T, Staedke SG, Chandramohan D, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G
• Population-level viral suppression among pregnant and postpartum women in a universal test and treat trial.
  AIDS (London, England) 2020 Kabami J, Balzer LB, Saddiki H, Ayieko J, Kwarisiima D, Atukunda M, Charlebois ED, Clark TD, Koss CA, Ruel T, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Musoke P, Petersen ML, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Chamie G
• Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Dolutegravir in Treatment-Experienced Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Results of the IMPAACT P1093 Study.
  Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2020 Viani RM, Ruel T, Alvero C, Fenton T, Acosta EP, Hazra R, Townley E, Palumbo P, Buchanan AM, Vavro C, Singh R, Graham B, Anthony P, George K, Wiznia A, P1093 Study Team
• Anemia and Micronutrient Status during Pregnancy, and Their Associations with Obstetric and Infant Outcomes among HIV-Infected Ugandan Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.
  Current developments in nutrition 2020 Finkelstein JL, Herman HS, Plenty A, Mehta S, Natureeba P, Clark TD, Kamya MR, Ruel T, Charlebois ED, Cohan D, Havlir D, Young SL
• Uptake, engagement, and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis offered after population HIV testing in rural Kenya and Uganda: 72-week interim analysis of observational data from the SEARCH study.
  The lancet. HIV 2020 Koss CA, Charlebois ED, Ayieko J, Kwarisiima D, Kabami J, Balzer LB, Atukunda M, Mwangwa F, Peng J, Mwinike Y, Owaraganise A, Chamie G, Jain V, Sang N, Olilo W, Brown LB, Marquez C, Zhang K, Ruel TD, …
• The age-specific burden and household and school-based predictors of child and adolescent tuberculosis infection in rural Uganda.
  PloS one 2020 Marquez C, Atukunda M, Balzer LB, Chamie G, Kironde J, Ssemmondo E, Ruel TD, Mwangwa F, Tram KH, Clark TD, Kwarisiima D, Petersen M, Kamya MR, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV
• Monthly Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine Versus Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy.
  Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 2019 Richard Kajubi, Teddy Ochieng, Abel Kakuru, Prasanna Jagannathan, Miriam Nakalembe, Theodore Ruel, Bishop Opira, Harriet Ochokoru, John Ategeka, Patience Nayebare, Tamara D. Clark, Diane V. Havlir, …
• Prioritising the most needed paediatric antiretroviral formulations: the PADO4 list.
  The lancet. HIV 2019 Penazzato M, Townsend CL, Rakhmanina N, Cheng Y, Archary M, Cressey TR, Kim MH, Musiime V, Turkova A, Ruel TD, Rabie H, Sugandhi N, Rojo P, Doherty M, Abrams EJ, PADO4 participants
• HIV Testing and Treatment with the Use of a Community Health Approach in Rural Africa.
  The New England journal of medicine 2019 Havlir DV, Balzer LB, Charlebois ED, Clark TD, Kwarisiima D, Ayieko J, Kabami J, Sang N, Liegler T, Chamie G, Camlin CS, Jain V, Kadede K, Atukunda M, Ruel T, Shade SB, Ssemmondo E, Byonanebye DM, …
• Intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and risk of malaria following cessation in young Ugandan children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
  The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2019 Muhindo MK, Jagannathan P, Kakuru A, Opira B, Olwoch P, Okiring J, Nalugo N, Clark TD, Ruel T, Charlebois E, Feeney ME, Havlir DV, Dorsey G, Kamya MR
• Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of samples from pediatric febrile illness in Tororo, Uganda.
  PloS one 2019 Ramesh A, Nakielny S, Hsu J, Kyohere M, Byaruhanga O, de Bourcy C, Egger R, Dimitrov B, Juan YF, Sheu J, Wang J, Kalantar K, Langelier C, Ruel T, Mpimbaza A, Wilson MR, Rosenthal PJ, DeRisi JL
• WYZ: a pilot study protocol for designing and developing a mobile health application for engagement in HIV care and medication adherence in youth and young adults living with HIV.
  BMJ open 2019 Erguera XA, Johnson MO, Neilands TB, Ruel T, Berrean B, Thomas S, Saberi P
• Monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: a double-blind, randomised, controlled, superiority trial.
  Lancet (London, England) 2019 Kajubi R, Ochieng T, Kakuru A, Jagannathan P, Nakalembe M, Ruel T, Opira B, Ochokoru H, Ategeka J, Nayebare P, Clark TD, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Dorsey G
• Eliminating perinatal HIV in the United States: mission possible?
  AIDS (London, England) 2019 Gnanashanmugam D, Rakhmanina N, Crawford KW, Nesheim S, Ruel T, Birkhead GS, Chakraborty R, Lawrence R, Jean-Philippe P, Jayashankar L, Hoover A, Statton A, D'Souza P, Fitzgibbon J, Hazra R, Warren B,…
• Delivering integrated care after sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  BMJ global health 2019 Bress J, Kashemwa G, Amisi C, Armas J, McWhorter C, Ruel T, Ammann AJ, Mukwege D, Butler LM
• Mobile, Population-wide, Hybrid HIV Testing Strategy Increases Number of Children Tested in Rural Kenya and Uganda.
  The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2018 Ayieko J, Chamie G, Balzer L, Kwarisiima D, Kabami J, Sang N, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Clark TD, Plenty A, Charlebois ED, Petersen M, Kamya M, Havlir DV, Ruel T
• Early Adopters of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Population-based Combination Prevention Study in Rural Kenya and Uganda.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2018 Koss CA, Ayieko J, Mwangwa F, Owaraganise A, Kwarisiima D, Balzer LB, Plenty A, Sang N, Kabami J, Ruel TD, Black D, Camlin CS, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Clark TD, Charlebois ED, Petersen ML, Kamya MR, …
• Maternal or neonatal infection: association with neonatal encephalopathy outcomes.
  Pediatric research 2018 Jenster M, Bonifacio SL, Ruel T, Rogers EE, Tam EW, Partridge JC, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM, Glass HC
• Etiology of Non-malarial Febrile Illnesses in Ugandan Children.
  Pediatrics 2018 Jennifer Hsu, Philip Rosenthal, Theodore Ruel, Mary Kyohere, Sarah Nakielny, Oswald Byaruhanga, Arthur Mpimbaza
• Gaps in the Child Tuberculosis Care Cascade in 32 Rural Communities in Uganda and Kenya.
  Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases 2017 Mwangwa F, Chamie G, Kwarisiima D, Ayieko J, Owaraganise A, Ruel TD, Plenty A, Tram KH, Clark TD, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Petersen M, Kamya MR, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV, Marquez C
• Absence of neurocognitive disadvantage associated with paediatric HIV subtype A infection in children on antiretroviral therapy.
  Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017 Bangirana P, Ruel TD, Boivin MJ, Pillai SK, Giron LB, Sikorskii A, Banik A, Achan J
• Predictors of Retention in HIV Care Among Youth (15-24) in a Universal Test-and-Treat Setting in Rural Kenya.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2017 Brown LB, Ayieko J, Mwangwa F, Owaraganise A, Kwarisiima D, Jain V, Ruel T, Clark T, Black D, Chamie G, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Kamya MR, Petersen ML, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV
• High rates of viral suppression in adults and children with high CD4+ counts using a streamlined ART delivery model in the SEARCH trial in rural Uganda and Kenya.
  Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017 Kwarisiima D, Kamya MR, Owaraganise A, Mwangwa F, Byonanebye DM, Ayieko J, Plenty A, Black D, Clark TD, Nzarubara B, Snyman K, Brown L, Bukusi E, Cohen CR, Geng EH, Charlebois ED, Ruel TD, Petersen ML…
• Intermittent Preventive Treatment With Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for the Prevention of Malaria Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2017 Natureeba P, Kakuru A, Muhindo M, Ochieng T, Ategeka J, Koss CA, Plenty A, Charlebois ED, Clark TD, Nzarubara B, Nakalembe M, Cohan D, Rizzuto G, Muehlenbachs A, Ruel T, Jagannathan P, Havlir DV, …
• Antiretroviral Therapy With Efavirenz Accentuates Pregnancy-Associated Reduction of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Exposure During Malaria Chemoprevention.
  Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2017 Kajubi R, Huang L, Jagannathan P, Chamankhah N, Were M, Ruel T, Koss CA, Kakuru A, Mwebaza N, Kamya M, Havlir D, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ, Aweeka FT
• Growth Recovery Among HIV-infected Children Randomized to Lopinavir/Ritonavir or NNRTI-based Antiretroviral Therapy.
  The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2016 Achan J, Kakuru A, Ikilezi G, Mwangwa F, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Young S, Havlir D, Kamya M, Ruel T
• High levels of retention in care with streamlined care and universal test and treat in East Africa.
  AIDS (London, England) 2016 Brown LB, Havlir DV, Ayieko J, Mwangwa F, Owaraganise A, Kwarisiima D, Jain V, Ruel T, Clark T, Chamie G, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Kamya MR, Petersen ML, Charlebois ED, SEARCH Collaboration
• Malaria burden in a birth cohort of HIV-exposed uninfected Ugandan infants living in a high malaria transmission setting.
  Malaria journal 2016 Kakuru A, Natureeba P, Muhindo MK, Clark TD, Havlir DV, Cohan D, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Ruel T
• Increased adolescent HIV testing with a hybrid mobile strategy in Uganda and Kenya.
  AIDS (London, England) 2016 Kadede K, Ruel T, Kabami J, Ssemmondo E, Sang N, Kwarisiima D, Bukusi E, Cohen CR, Liegler T, Clark TD, Charlebois ED, Petersen ML, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Chamie G, SEARCH team
• Implementation of a neonatal transcutaneous bilirubin screening programme in rural India.
  Paediatrics and international child health 2016 Morgan MC, Kumar GS, Kaiser SV, Seetharam S, Ruel TD
• Brief Report: Food Insufficiency Is Associated With Lack of Sustained Viral Suppression Among HIV-Infected Pregnant and Breastfeeding Ugandan Women.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2016 Koss CA, Natureeba P, Nyafwono D, Plenty A, Mwesigwa J, Nzarubara B, Clark TD, Ruel TD, Achan J, Charlebois ED, Cohan D, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Young SL
• Implementation of a neonatal transcutaneous bilirubin screening programme in rural India.
  Paediatrics and International Child Health 2016 Melissa C. Morgan, G. S. Kumar, Sunitha V. Kaiser, Sridevi Seetharam, Theodore D. Ruel
• A clinical approach to elimination of perinatal HIV transmission in resource-rich settings.
  International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2015 Seidman D, Ruel T, Rahangdale L, Mittal P, Pecci C, Weber S, Goldschmidt R, Cohan D, Levison J
• Quality of inpatient pediatric case management for four leading causes of child mortality at six government-run Ugandan hospitals.
  PloS one 2015 Sears D, Mpimbaza A, Kigozi R, Sserwanga A, Chang MA, Kapella BK, Yoon S, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, Ruel T
• Hair concentrations of antiretrovirals predict viral suppression in HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding Ugandan women.
  AIDS (London, England) 2015 Koss CA, Natureeba P, Mwesigwa J, Cohan D, Nzarubara B, Bacchetti P, Horng H, Clark TD, Plenty A, Ruel TD, Achan J, Charlebois ED, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Gandhi M
• The effect of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics and virologic outcomes of lopinavir, efavirenz and nevirapine in food insecure HIV-infected children in Tororo, Uganda.
  The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2015 Bartelink IH, Savic RM, Dorsey G, Ruel T, Gingrich D, Scherpbier HJ, Capparelli E, Jullien V, Young SL, Achan J, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Kamya M, Havlir D, Aweeka F
• Efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir versus efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected pregnant Ugandan women.
  AIDS (London, England) 2015 Cohan D, Natureeba P, Koss CA, Plenty A, Luwedde F, Mwesigwa J, Ades V, Charlebois ED, Gandhi M, Clark TD, Nzarubara B, Achan J, Ruel T, Kamya MR, Havlir DV
• Household food insecurity, maternal nutritional status, and infant feeding practices among HIV-infected Ugandan women receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
  Maternal and child health journal 2014 Young SL, Plenty AH, Luwedde FA, Natamba BK, Natureeba P, Achan J, Mwesigwa J, Ruel TD, Ades V, Osterbauer B, Clark TD, Dorsey G, Charlebois ED, Kamya M, Havlir DV, Cohan DL
• Risk factors for preterm birth among HIV-infected pregnant Ugandan women randomized to lopinavir/ritonavir- or efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2014 Koss CA, Natureeba P, Plenty A, Luwedde F, Mwesigwa J, Ades V, Charlebois ED, Clark TD, Achan J, Ruel T, Nzarubara B, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Cohan D
• Increased morbidity in early childhood among HIV-exposed uninfected children in Uganda is associated with breastfeeding duration.
  Journal of tropical pediatrics 2014 Marquez C, Okiring J, Chamie G, Ruel TD, Achan J, Kakuru A, Kamya MR, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV, Dorsey G
• Artemisinin-based combination therapies are efficacious and safe for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014 Kakuru A, Achan J, Muhindo MK, Ikilezi G, Arinaitwe E, Mwangwa F, Ruel T, Clark TD, Charlebois E, Rosenthal PJ, Havlir D, Kamya MR, Tappero JW, Dorsey G
• Virologic and immunologic outcomes of HIV-infected Ugandan children randomized to lopinavir/ritonavir or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2014 Ruel TD, Kakuru A, Ikilezi G, Mwangwa F, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ, Charlebois E, Havlir D, Kamya M, Achan J
• Maternal or neonatal infection: association with neonatal encephalopathy outcomes.
  Pediatric research 2014 Jenster M, Bonifacio SL, Ruel T, Rogers EE, Tam EW, Partridge JC, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM, Glass HC
• Hair and plasma data show that lopinavir, ritonavir, and efavirenz all transfer from mother to infant in utero, but only efavirenz transfers via breastfeeding.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2013 Gandhi M, Mwesigwa J, Aweeka F, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Ruel TD, Huang Y, Clark T, Ades V, Natureeba P, Luwedde FA, Achan J, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Cohan D, Prevention of Malaria and HIV disease in …
• Neonatal mortality in HIV-exposed infants born to women receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in Rural Uganda.
  Journal of tropical pediatrics 2013 Ades V, Mwesigwa J, Natureeba P, Clark TD, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Achan J, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Cohan D, Ruel TD
• Prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia and gametocytemia among HIV-infected Ugandan children randomized to receive different antiretroviral therapies.
  The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2013 Ikilezi G, Achan J, Kakuru A, Ruel T, Charlebois E, Clark TD, Rosenthal PJ, Havlir D, Kamya MR, Dorsey G
• Antiretroviral agents and prevention of malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children.
  The New England journal of medicine 2012 Achan J, Kakuru A, Ikilezi G, Ruel T, Clark TD, Nsanzabana C, Charlebois E, Aweeka F, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ, Havlir D, Kamya MR
• Track A Basic Science.
  Journal of the International AIDS Society 2012 . Sargeant, S. Deverasetty, Y. Luo, A. Villahoz-Baleta, S. Zobrist, V. Rathnayake, J. Russo, M. Muesing, M. Schiller, R. Andrabi, R. Kumar, M. Bala, A. Nair, A. Biswas, N. Wig, P. Kumar, K. Luthra, N.…
• 289 The Effect of Perinatal Infection on Neurodevelopmental outcome in Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.
  Archives of Disease in Childhood 2012 M Jenster, T Ruel, SL Bonifacio, EE Rogers, EW Tam, AJ Barkovich, DM Ferriero, HC Glass
• Maternal nutritional status predicts adverse birth outcomes among HIV-infected rural Ugandan women receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
  PloS one 2012 Young S, Murray K, Mwesigwa J, Natureeba P, Osterbauer B, Achan J, Arinaitwe E, Clark T, Ades V, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Ruel T, Kamya M, Havlir D, Cohan D
• Neurocognitive and motor deficits in HIV-infected Ugandan children with high CD4 cell counts.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2012 Ruel TD, Boivin MJ, Boal HE, Bangirana P, Charlebois E, Havlir DV, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, Achan J, Akello C, Kamya MR, Wong JK
• Virologic suppression in nevirapine-exposed HIV-infected infants initiating antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda.
  Journal of tropical pediatrics 2011 Kay J, Wanzira H, Sandison T, Kakuru A, Bigira V, Kamya M, Homsy J, Tappero JW, Havlir D, Dorsey G, Ruel T
• Sex differences in HIV RNA level and CD4 cell percentage during childhood.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2011 Ruel TD, Zanoni BC, Ssewanyana I, Cao H, Havlir DV, Kamya M, Achan J, Charlebois ED, Feeney ME
• Early virologic failure and the development of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in HIV-infected Ugandan children.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2011 Ruel TD, Kamya MR, Li P, Pasutti W, Charlebois ED, Liegler T, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ, Havlir DV, Wong JK, Achan J
• Short-term risk of HIV disease progression and death in Ugandan children not eligible for antiretroviral therapy.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2010 Charlebois ED, Ruel TD, Gasasira AF, Achan J, Kateera F, Akello C, Cao H, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ, Ssewanyana I, Kamya MR, Havlir DV
• Novel application of Locked Nucleic Acid chemistry for a Taqman assay for measuring diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes.
  Journal of virological methods 2010 Li P, Ruel T, Fujimoto K, Hatano H, Yukl S, Eller LA, Liegler T, Kamya M, Gassasira A, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ, Havlir DV, Wong JK
• Effect of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole on the risk of malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children living in an area of widespread antifolate resistance.
  Malaria journal 2010 Gasasira AF, Kamya MR, Ochong EO, Vora N, Achan J, Charlebois E, Ruel T, Kateera F, Meya DN, Havlir D, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G
• HIV-subtype A is associated with poorer neuropsychological performance compared with subtype D in antiretroviral therapy-naive Ugandan children.
  AIDS (London, England) 2010 Boivin MJ, Ruel TD, Boal HE, Bangirana P, Cao H, Eller LA, Charlebois E, Havlir DV, Kamya MR, Achan J, Akello C, Wong JK
• Dynamics of T cell activation accompanying CD4 recovery in antiretroviral treated HIV-infected Ugandan children.
  Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 2009 Ruel T, Ssewanyana I, Achan J, Gasasira A, Kamya MR, Kekitiinwa A, Wong JK, Cao H, Havlir D, Charlebois ED
• The Distribution and Immune Profile of T Cell Subsets in HIV-Infected Children from Uganda.
  AIDS research and human retroviruses 2009 Ssewanyana I, Baker CA, Ruel T, Bousheri S, Kamya M, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ, Charlebois E, Havlir D, Cao H
• HIV RNA suppression among HIV-infected Ugandan children with measles.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2008 Ruel TD, Achan J, Gasasira AF, Charlebois ED, Mehbratu T, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Kekitiinwa A, Wong J, Havlir DV
• High risk of neutropenia in HIV-infected children following treatment with artesunate plus amodiaquine for uncomplicated malaria in Uganda.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2008 Gasasira AF, Kamya MR, Achan J, Mebrahtu T, Kalyango JN, Ruel T, Charlebois E, Staedke SG, Kekitiinwa A, Rosenthal PJ, Havlir D, Dorsey G
• Profile of T cell immune responses in HIV-infected children from Uganda.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2007 Ssewanyana I, Elrefaei M, Dorsey G, Ruel T, Jones NG, Gasasira A, Kamya M, Nakiwala J, Achan J, Charlebois E, Havlir D, Cao H
• Effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and insecticide-treated bednets on malaria among HIV-infected Ugandan children.
  AIDS (London, England) 2007 Kamya MR, Gasasira AF, Achan J, Mebrahtu T, Ruel T, Kekitiinwa A, Charlebois ED, Rosenthal PJ, Havlir D, Dorsey G
• The potential role of rodents in the enzootic cycle of Rift Valley fever virus in Senegal.
  Microbes and infection 2000 Gora D, Yaya T, Jocelyn T, Didier F, Maoulouth D, Amadou S, Ruel TD, Gonzalez JP
• Tissue distribution and prevalence of Wolbachia infections in tsetse flies, Glossina spp.
  Medical and veterinary entomology 2000 Cheng Q, Ruel TD, Zhou W, Moloo SK, Majiwa P, O'Neill SL, Aksoy S
• Facilitation at the sexually differentiated laryngeal synapse of Xenopus laevis.
  Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology 1998 Ruel TD, Kelley DB, Tobias ML