Steven Mack, PhD
Professor
Pediatrics
School of Medicine
Dr. Mack's laboratory is focused on understanding the molecular, genetic, functional and evolutionary basis of the immune system, and in particular the highly polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes and Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genes.
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His laboratory develops methods, tools, systems, services and protocols that facilitate clinical and research goals for bone-marrow and stem-cell transplantation therapies, understanding immune-related disease-association, and human health.
In addition. Dr. Mack serves UCSF's Advancing the Research Careers of Historically Excluded Scholars (ARCHES) Program, an initiative focused on supporting and advancing the career development of historically excluded research faculty, as a Co-Lead on the development of community and scientific networks.
Awards
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- Scientific Achievement Award, Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland Medical Staff, 2019
Education & Training
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- PhD Molecular & Cell Biology University of California 05/1996
- BA Biology Columbia University 05/1989
Interests
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- HLA and Immunogenomics
- Evolutionary Genetics
- Informatics
- Stem-Cell Therapeutics
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Population Genetics
Websites
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- UCSF Advancing the Research Careers of Historically Excluded Scholars (ARCHES) Program (archesprogram.ucsf.edu)
Grants and Projects
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- Integrated Exchange and Storage of Current- and Future-Generation Immunogenomic Data, NIH, 2017-2027
- Discovering Infection-mediated Pathways of Glioma Etiology and Prognosis by Leveraging Multiplex Serology and Immunogenomics, NIH/CA, 2022-2026
- Baylor College of Medicine/Stanford University Clinical Genome Resource (CLINGEN), NIH, 2017-2026
- Development of a Noninvasive Prenatal Test for Beta-Hemoglobinopathies for Earlier Stem Cell Therapeutic Interventions, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 2021-2023
Publications (79)
Top publication keywords:
ImmunogeneticsHLA-DRB1 ChainsHLA AntigensAllelesHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHLA-DR AntigensReceptors, KIRGene FrequencyHLA-B AntigensGenotyping TechniquesHaplotypesGenetics, PopulationHLA-A AntigensHLA-C AntigensHistocompatibility Testing
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Complete HLA genotyping of type 1 diabetes patients and controls from Mali reveals both expected and novel disease associations.
HLA 2024 Noble JA, Besançon S, Sidibé AT, Rozemuller EH, Rijkers M, Dadkhodaie F, de Bruin H, Kooij J, Martin HRN, Ogle GD, Mack SJ -
The genotype list string code syntax for exchanging nomenclature-level genotyping results in clinical and research data management and analysis systems.
HLA 2023 Mack SJ, Sauter J, Robinson J, Osoegawa K, McKenzie L, Schneider J, Maiers M, Milius RP -
Genotype List String 1.1: Extending the Genotype List String grammar for describing HLA and Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor genotypes.
HLA 2023 Mack SJ, Schefzyk D, Millius RP, Maiers M, Hollenbach JA, Pollack J, Heuer ML, Gragert L, Spellman SR, Guethlein LA, Schneider J, Bochtler W, Eberhard HP, Robinson J, Marsh SGE, Schmidt AH, Hofmann JA… -
Analysis of the Origin of Emiratis as Inferred from a Family Study Based on HLA-A, -C, -B, -DRB1, and -DQB1 Genes.
Genes 2023 Al Yafei Z, Hajjej A, Alvares M, Al Mahri A, Nasr A, Mirghani R, Al Obaidli A, Al Seiari M, Mack SJ, Askar M, Edinur HA, Almawi WY, ElGhazali G -
Clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Mali.
Pediatric diabetes 2022 Besançon S, Govender D, Sidibé AT, Noble JA, Togo A, Lane JA, Mack SJ, Atkinson MA, Wasserfall CH, Kakkat F, Martin GGN, Ogle GD
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The immunogenetics of viral antigen response is associated with subtype-specific glioma risk and survival.
American journal of human genetics 2022 Guerra G, Kachuri L, Wendt G, Hansen HM, Mack SJ, Molinaro AM, Rice T, Bracci P, Wiencke JK, Kasahara N, Eckel-Passow JE, Jenkins RB, Wrensch M, Francis SS -
HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles, Haplotypes and Genotypes in Emirati Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Underscores the Benefits of Evaluating Understudied Populations.
Frontiers in genetics 2022 Al Yafei Z, Mack SJ, Alvares M, Ali BR, Afandi B, Beshyah SA, Sharma C, Osman W, Mirghani R, Nasr A, Al Remithi S, Al Jubeh J, Almawi WY, AlKaabi J, ElGhazali G -
Approaching Genetics Through the MHC Lens: Tools and Methods for HLA Research.
Frontiers in genetics 2021 Douillard V, Castelli EC, Mack SJ, Hollenbach JA, Gourraud PA, Vince N, Limou S -
Current HLA Investigations on SARS-CoV-2 and Perspectives.
Frontiers in genetics 2021 Douillard V, Castelli EC, Mack SJ, Hollenbach JA, Gourraud PA, Vince N, Limou S, Covid-19|HLA & Immunogenetics Consortium and the SNP-HLA Reference Consortium -
Challenges for the standardized reporting of NGS HLA genotyping: Surveying gaps between clinical and research laboratories.
Human immunology 2021 Osoegawa K, Montero-Martín G, Mallempati KC, Bauer M, Milius RP, Maiers M, Fernández-Viña MA, Mack SJ -
Clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Sudan.
Pediatric diabetes 2021 Ibrahim TAM, Govender D, Abdullah MA, Noble JA, Hussien MO, Lane JA, Mack SJ, Martin GGN, Atkinson MA, Wasserfall CH, Ogle GD -
Standard reference sequences for submission of HLA genotyping for the 18th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop.
HLA 2021 Matern BM, Mack SJ, Osoegawa K, Maiers M, Niemann M, Robinson J, Heidt S, Spierings E -
SNP-HLA Reference Consortium (SHLARC): HLA and SNP data sharing for promoting MHC-centric analyses in genomics.
Genetic epidemiology 2020 Vince N, Douillard V, Geffard E, Meyer D, Castelli EC, Mack SJ, Limou S, Gourraud PA -
Preface: 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop.
Human immunology 2020 Vayntrub TA, Mack SJ, Fernandez-Viña MA -
Clinical features, biochemistry and HLA-DRB1 status in children and adolescents with diabetes in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Diabetes research and clinical practice 2019 Zabeen B, Govender D, Hassan Z, Noble JA, Lane JA, Mack SJ, Atkinson MA, Azad K, Wasserfall CH, Ogle GD -
HLA alleles and haplotypes observed in 263 US families.
Human immunology 2019 Osoegawa K, Mallempati KC, Gangavarapu S, Oki A, Gendzekhadze K, Marino SR, Brown NK, Bettinotti MP, Weimer ET, Montero-Martín G, Creary LE, Vayntrub TA, Chang CJ, Askar M, Mack SJ, Fernández-Viña MA -
Correction: High resolution HLA analysis reveals independent class I haplotypes and amino-acid motifs protective for multiple sclerosis.
Genes and immunity 2019 Mack SJ, Udell J, Cohen F, Osoegawa K, Hawbecker SK, Noonan DA, Ladner MB, Goodridge D, Trachtenberg EA, Oksenberg JR, Erlich HA -
Quality control project of NGS HLA genotyping for the 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop.
Human immunology 2019 Osoegawa K, Vayntrub TA, Wenda S, De Santis D, Barsakis K, Ivanova M, Hsu S, Barone J, Holdsworth R, Diviney M, Askar M, Willis A, Railton D, Laflin S, Gendzekhadze K, Oki A, Sacchi N, Mazzocco M, … -
Tools for building, analyzing and evaluating HLA haplotypes from families.
Human immunology 2019 Osoegawa K, Mack SJ, Prestegaard M, Fernández-Viña MA -
Clinical features, biochemistry and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Pakistan.
Diabetes research and clinical practice 2019 Fawwad A, Govender D, Ahmedani MY, Basit A, Lane JA, Mack SJ, Atkinson MA, Henry Wasserfall C, Ogle GD, Noble JA -
Sequence-based HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR typing of 496 adults from San Diego, California, USA.
Human immunology 2018 Moore E, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Schulten V, Arlehamn CSL, Angelo M, Pham J, Leary S, Sidney J, Broide D, Frazier A, Phillips E, Mallal S, Mack SJ, Sette A -
Epidemiology of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Azerbaijan: Incidence, clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status.
Diabetes research and clinical practice 2018 Ahmadov GA, Govender D, Atkinson MA, Sultanova RA, Eubova AA, Wasserfall CH, Mack SJ, Lane JA, Noble JA, Ogle GD -
High resolution HLA analysis reveals independent class I haplotypes and amino-acid motifs protective for multiple sclerosis.
Genes and immunity 2018 Mack SJ, Udell J, Cohen F, Osoegawa K, Hawbecker SK, Noonan DA, Ladner MB, Goodridge D, Trachtenberg EA, Oksenberg JR, Erlich HA -
Sequence-based HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR typing of 714 adults from Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Human immunology 2017 Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Angelo M, Leary S, Sidney J, Frazier A, Phillips E, Mallal S, Mack SJ, Tippalagama R, Goonewardana S, Premawansa S, Premawansa G, Wijewickrama A, De Silva… -
Collection and storage of HLA NGS genotyping data for the 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop.
Human immunology 2017 Chang CJ, Osoegawa K, Milius RP, Maiers M, Xiao W, Fernandez-Vina M, Mack SJ -
Sequence-based HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR typing of 339 adults from Managua, Nicaragua.
Human immunology 2017 Weiskopf D, Grifoni A, Arlehamn CSL, Angelo M, Leary S, Sidney J, Frazier A, Mack SJ, Phillips E, Mallal S, Cerpas C, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Sette A -
Significant variation between SNP-based HLA imputations in diverse populations: the last mile is the hardest.
The pharmacogenomics journal 2017 Pappas DJ, Lizee A, Paunic V, Beutner KR, Motyer A, Vukcevic D, Leslie S, Biesiada J, Meller J, Taylor KD, Zheng X, Zhao LP, Gourraud PA, Hollenbach JA, Mack SJ, Maiers M -
Sequence-based HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR typing of 100 Luo infants from the Boro area of Nyanza Province, Kenya.
Human immunology 2017 Arlehamn CS, Copin R, Leary S, Mack SJ, Phillips E, Mallal S, Sette A, Blatner G, Siefers H, Ernst JD, TBRU-ASTRa Study Team -
Update on short population reports.
Human immunology 2016 Mack SJ, Middleton D -
Bridging ImmunoGenomic Data Analysis Workflow Gaps (BIGDAWG): An integrated case-control analysis pipeline.
Human immunology 2015 Pappas DJ, Marin W, Hollenbach JA, Mack SJ -
The GL service: Web service to exchange GL string encoded HLA & KIR genotypes with complete and accurate allele and genotype ambiguity.
Human immunology 2015 Milius RP, Heuer M, George M, Pollack J, Hollenbach JA, Mack SJ, Maiers M -
HLA Haplotype Validator for quality assessments of HLA typing.
Human immunology 2015 Osoegawa K, Mack SJ, Udell J, Noonan DA, Ozanne S, Trachtenberg E, Prestegaard M -
A gene feature enumeration approach for describing HLA allele polymorphism.
Human immunology 2015 Mack SJ -
Minimum information for reporting next generation sequence genotyping (MIRING): Guidelines for reporting HLA and KIR genotyping via next generation sequencing.
Human immunology 2015 Mack SJ, Milius RP, Gifford BD, Sauter J, Hofmann J, Osoegawa K, Robinson J, Groeneweg M, Turenchalk GS, Adai A, Holcomb C, Rozemuller EH, Penning MT, Heuer ML, Wang C, Salit ML, Schmidt AH, Parham PR… -
Histoimmunogenetics Markup Language 1.0: Reporting next generation sequencing-based HLA and KIR genotyping.
Human immunology 2015 Milius RP, Heuer M, Valiga D, Doroschak KJ, Kennedy CJ, Bolon YT, Schneider J, Pollack J, Kim HR, Cereb N, Hollenbach JA, Mack SJ, Maiers M -
Molecular Classification of Ependymal Tumors across All CNS Compartments, Histopathological Grades, and Age Groups.
Cancer cell 2015 Pajtler KW, Witt H, Sill M, Jones DT, Hovestadt V, Kratochwil F, Wani K, Tatevossian R, Punchihewa C, Johann P, Reimand J, Warnatz HJ, Ryzhova M, Mack S, Ramaswamy V, Capper D, Schweizer L, Sieber L, … -
Introducing a new manuscript format: Enabling access to immunogenomic population data with short population reports.
Human immunology 2015 Mack SJ, Middleton D -
HLA-DPB1 and HLA class I confer risk of and protection from narcolepsy.
American journal of human genetics 2015 Ollila HM, Ravel JM, Han F, Faraco J, Lin L, Zheng X, Plazzi G, Dauvilliers Y, Pizza F, Hong SC, Jennum P, Knudsen S, Kornum BR, Dong XS, Yan H, Hong H, Coquillard C, Mahlios J, Jolanki O, Einen M, … -
Genome-wide association study and admixture mapping reveal new loci associated with total IgE levels in Latinos.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2014 Pino-Yanes M, Gignoux CR, Galanter JM, Levin AM, Campbell CD, Eng C, Huntsman S, Nishimura KK, Gourraud PA, Mohajeri K, O'Roak BJ, Hu D, Mathias RA, Nguyen EA, Roth LA, Padhukasahasram B, Moreno-… -
Human immunology in the era of big data.
Human immunology 2013 Mack SJ -
Genotype List String: a grammar for describing HLA and KIR genotyping results in a text string.
Tissue antigens 2013 Milius RP, Mack SJ, Hollenbach JA, Pollack J, Heuer ML, Gragert L, Spellman S, Guethlein LA, Trachtenberg EA, Cooley S, Bochtler W, Mueller CR, Robinson J, Marsh SG, Maiers M -
Common and well-documented HLA alleles: 2012 update to the CWD catalogue.
Tissue antigens 2013 Mack SJ, Cano P, Hollenbach JA, He J, Hurley CK, Middleton D, Moraes ME, Pereira SE, Kempenich JH, Reed EF, Setterholm M, Smith AG, Tilanus MG, Torres M, Varney MD, Voorter CE, Fischer GF, … -
16(th) IHIW: immunogenomic data-management methods. report from the immunogenomic data analysis working group (IDAWG).
International journal of immunogenetics 2012 Hollenbach JA, Holcomb C, Hurley CK, Mabdouly A, Maiers M, Noble JA, Robinson J, Schmidt AH, Shi L, Turner V, Yao Y, Mack SJ -
16(th) IHIW: extending the number of resources and bioinformatics analysis for the investigation of HLA rare alleles.
International journal of immunogenetics 2012 Gonzalez-Galarza FF, Mack SJ, Hollenbach J, Fernandez-Vina M, Setterholm M, Kempenich J, Marsh SG, Jones AR, Middleton D, HLA Rare Allele Consortium -
A sequence-based approach demonstrates that balancing selection in classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci is asymmetric.
Human molecular genetics 2012 Bronson PG, Mack SJ, Erlich HA, Slatkin M -
Tuberculosis, incarceration, and HIV at a crossroads in Guyana.
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 2012 La Fleur C, Alladin B, Mack S, Singh A, Singh C, Smith B, Hershfield E, Mohanlall J, Ramotar K, Cummings E -
Tracking human migrations by the analysis of the distribution of HLA alleles, lineages and haplotypes in closed and open populations.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 2012 Fernandez Vina MA, Hollenbach JA, Lyke KE, Sztein MB, Maiers M, Klitz W, Cano P, Mack S, Single R, Brautbar C, Israel S, Raimondi E, Khoriaty E, Inati A, Andreani M, Testi M, Moraes ME, Thomson G, … -
Analytical methods for disease association studies with immunogenetic data.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2012 Hollenbach JA, Mack SJ, Thomson G, Gourraud PA -
Analytical methods for immunogenetic population data.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2012 Mack SJ, Gourraud PA, Single RM, Thomson G, Hollenbach JA -
Standard methods for the management of immunogenetic data.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2012 Gourraud PA, Hollenbach JA, Barnetche T, Single RM, Mack SJ -
A community standard for immunogenomic data reporting and analysis: proposal for a STrengthening the REporting of Immunogenomic Studies statement.
Tissue antigens 2011 Hollenbach JA, Mack SJ, Gourraud PA, Single RM, Maiers M, Middleton D, Thomson G, Marsh SG, Varney MD, Immunogenomics Data Analysis Working Group -
Tuberculosis and diabetes in Guyana.
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 2011 Alladin B, Mack S, Singh A, Singh C, Smith B, Cummings E, Hershfield E, Mohanlall J, Ramotar K, La Fleur C -
The CWD allele catalog in China.
Human immunology 2011 Cano P, Mack SJ, Fernández-Viña M -
Immunogenetics as a tool in anthropological studies.
Immunology 2011 Sanchez-Mazas A, Fernandez-Viña M, Middleton D, Hollenbach JA, Buhler S, Di D, Rajalingam R, Dugoujon JM, Mack SJ, Thorsby E -
Human leukocyte antigen-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in Americans originating from southern Europe: contrasting patterns of population differentiation between Italian and Spanish Americans.
Human immunology 2010 Mack SJ, Tu B, Yang R, Masaberg C, Ng J, Hurley CK -
Allele Name Translation Tool and Update NomenCLature: software tools for the automated translation of HLA allele names between successive nomenclatures.
Tissue antigens 2010 Mack SJ, Hollenbach JA -
Sequence feature variant type (SFVT) analysis of the HLA genetic association in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2010 Thomson G, Marthandan N, Hollenbach JA, Mack SJ, Erlich HA, Single RM, Waller MJ, Marsh SG, Guidry PA, Karp DR, Scheuermann RH, Thompson SD, Glass DN, Helmberg W -
Association analysis of SNPs in the IL4R locus with type I diabetes.
Genes and immunity 2009 Erlich HA, Lohman K, Mack SJ, Valdes AM, Julier C, Mirel D, Noble JA, Morahan GE, Rich SS, Type I Diabetes Genetics Consortium -
HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies distinguish Eastern European Americans from the general European American population.
Tissue antigens 2008 Mack SJ, Tu B, Lazaro A, Yang R, Lancaster AK, Cao K, Ng J, Hurley CK -
Balancing selection and heterogeneity across the classical human leukocyte antigen loci: a meta-analytic review of 497 population studies.
Human immunology 2008 Solberg OD, Mack SJ, Lancaster AK, Single RM, Tsai Y, Sanchez-Mazas A, Thomson G -
Genetic origin of the Swedish Sami inferred from HLA class I and class II allele frequencies.
European journal of human genetics : EJHG 2008 Johansson A, Ingman M, Mack SJ, Erlich H, Gyllensten U -
14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop: report of progress in methodology, data collection, and analyses.
Tissue antigens 2007 Single RM, Meyer D, Mack SJ, Lancaster A, Erlich HA, Thomson G -
Population samples and genotyping technology.
Tissue antigens 2007 Mack SJ, Sanchez-Mazas A, Single RM, Meyer D, Hill J, Dron HA, Jani AJ, Thomson G, Erlich HA -
HLA haplotypes in Singapore: a study of mothers and their cord blood units.
Human immunology 2007 Tang TF, Hou L, Chen M, Belle I, Mack S, Lancaster A, Ho GY, Hwang WY, Alsagoff F, Ng J, Hurley CK -
Common and well-documented HLA alleles: report of the Ad-Hoc committee of the american society for histocompatiblity and immunogenetics.
Human immunology 2007 Cano P, Klitz W, Mack SJ, Maiers M, Marsh SG, Noreen H, Reed EF, Senitzer D, Setterholm M, Smith A, Fernández-Viña M -
HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in an African American population.
Tissue antigens 2007 Tu B, Mack SJ, Lazaro A, Lancaster A, Thomson G, Cao K, Chen M, Ling G, Hartzman R, Ng J, Hurley CK -
Signatures of demographic history and natural selection in the human major histocompatibility complex Loci.
Genetics 2006 Meyer D, Single RM, Mack SJ, Erlich HA, Thomson G -
Effect of brushing on fluoride release from 3 bracket adhesives.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics 2004 Staley RN, Mack SJ, Wefel JS, Vargas MA, Jakobsen JR -
Association of HLA class I and II alleles and extended haplotypes with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002 Hildesheim A, Apple RJ, Chen CJ, Wang SS, Cheng YJ, Klitz W, Mack SJ, Chen IH, Hsu MM, Yang CS, Brinton LA, Levine PH, Erlich HA -
HLA antigens, alleles and haplotypes among the Yup'ik Alaska natives: report of the ASHI Minority Workshops, Part II.
Human immunology 2002 Leffell MS, Fallin MD, Erlich HA, Fernandez-Vina M, Hildebrand WH, Mack SJ, Zachary AA -
Genetic variation among the Golla pastoral caste subdivisions of Andhra Pradesh, India, according to the HLA system.
Human immunology 2001 Crawford MH, Reddy BM, Martinez-Laso J, Mack SJ, Erlich HA -
Genetic variability and linkage disequilibrium within the HLA-DP region: analysis of 15 different populations.
Tissue antigens 2001 Begovich AB, Moonsamy PV, Mack SJ, Barcellos LF, Steiner LL, Grams S, Suraj-Baker V, Hollenbach J, Trachtenberg E, Louie L, Zimmerman P, Hill AV, Stoneking M, Sasazuki T, Konenkov VI, Sartakova ML, … -
Diversity is demonstrated in class I HLA-A and HLA-B alleles in Cameroon, Africa: description of HLA-A*03012, *2612, *3006 and HLA-B*1403, *4016, *4703.
Tissue antigens 2000 Ellis JM, Mack SJ, Leke RF, Quakyi I, Johnson AH, Hurley CK -
Evolution of Pacific/Asian populations inferred from HLA class II allele frequency distributions.
Tissue antigens 2000 Mack SJ, Bugawan TL, Moonsamy PV, Erlich JA, Trachtenberg EA, Paik YK, Begovich AB, Saha N, Beck HP, Stoneking M, Erlich HA -
Hardy-Weinberg testing for HLA class II (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, and DPB1) loci in 26 human ethnic groups.
Tissue antigens 1999 Chen JJ, Hollenbach JA, Trachtenberg EA, Just JJ, Carrington M, Rønningen KS, Begovich A, King MC, McWeeney S, Mack SJ, Erlich HA, Thomson G -
Tracing the origin of HLA-DRB1 alleles by microsatellite polymorphism.
American journal of human genetics 1999 Bergström TF, Engkvist H, Erlandsson R, Josefsson A, Mack SJ, Erlich HA, Gyllensten U -
HLA class I allele distributions in six Pacific/Asian populations: evidence of selection at the HLA-A locus.
Tissue antigens 1999 Bugawan TL, Mack SJ, Stoneking M, Saha M, Beck HP, Erlich HA -
HLA class II polymorphism in the Ticuna of Brazil: evolutionary implications of the DRB1*0807 allele.
Tissue antigens 1998 Mack SJ, Erlich HA -
HLA class II alleles in Amerindian populations: implications for the evolution of HLA polymorphism and the colonization of the Americas.
Hereditas 1997 Erlich HA, Mack SJ, Bergström T, Gyllensten UB