Steinunn Baekkeskov, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Diabetes Center
School of Medicine

Websites

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• Profile at endocrine.medicine.ucsf.edu (endocrine.medicine.ucsf.edu)

Grants and Projects

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• Pediatric Clinical Research Center, NIH, 1981-2007
• Immunopathology of Beta Cell Autoantigens, NIH, 1994-2003
• Generation of a Non-human Primate Model Type, NIH, 1999-2002
• Cell and Molecular Biology of the Pancreatic Islet Cells, NIH, 1989-2001
• Molecular Characterization of B-cell Membrane Antigens, NIH, 1991-1993

Publications (76)

Top publication keywords:
Golgi ApparatusAutoantigensIsoenzymesInsulin-Secreting CellsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glutamate DecarboxylaseAutoantibodiesAutoimmunityGlassProinsulinBioengineeringgamma-Aminobutyric AcidLipoylationIslets of LangerhansReceptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8

• Mechanism and effects of pulsatile GABA secretion from cytosolic pools in the human beta cell.
  Nature metabolism 2019 Menegaz D, Hagan DW, Almaça J, Cianciaruso C, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Molina J, Dolan RM, Becker MW, Schwalie PC, Nano R, Lebreton F, Kang C, Sah R, Gaisano HY, Berggren PO, Baekkeskov S, Caicedo A, Phelps …
• Bioengineering strategies for inducing tolerance in autoimmune diabetes.
  Advanced drug delivery reviews 2017 Baekkeskov S, Hubbell JA, Phelps EA
• Corrigendum: Advances in pancreatic islet monolayer culture on glass surfaces enable super-resolution microscopy and insights into beta cell ciliogenesis and proliferation.
  Scientific reports 2017 Phelps EA, Cianciaruso C, Santo-Domingo J, Pasquier M, Galliverti G, Piemonti L, Berishvili E, Burri O, Wiederkehr A, Hubbell JA, Baekkeskov S
• Advances in pancreatic islet monolayer culture on glass surfaces enable super-resolution microscopy and insights into beta cell ciliogenesis and proliferation.
  Scientific reports 2017 Phelps EA, Cianciaruso C, Santo-Domingo J, Pasquier M, Galliverti G, Piemonti L, Berishvili E, Burri O, Wiederkehr A, Hubbell JA, Baekkeskov S
• Primary Human and Rat β-Cells Release the Intracellular Autoantigens GAD65, IA-2, and Proinsulin in Exosomes Together With Cytokine-Induced Enhancers of Immunity.
  Diabetes 2016 Cianciaruso C, Phelps EA, Pasquier M, Hamelin R, Demurtas D, Alibashe Ahmed M, Piemonti L, Hirosue S, Swartz MA, De Palma M, Hubbell JA, Baekkeskov S

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• Aberrant Accumulation of the Diabetes Autoantigen GAD65 in Golgi Membranes in Conditions of ER Stress and Autoimmunity.
  Diabetes 2016 Phelps EA, Cianciaruso C, Michael IP, Pasquier M, Kanaani J, Nano R, Lavallard V, Billestrup N, Hubbell JA, Baekkeskov S
• Compartmentalization of GABA synthesis by GAD67 differs between pancreatic beta cells and neurons.
  PloS one 2015 Kanaani J, Cianciaruso C, Phelps EA, Pasquier M, Brioudes E, Billestrup N, Baekkeskov S
• Two distinct mechanisms target GAD67 to vesicular pathways and presynaptic clusters.
  The Journal of cell biology 2010 Kanaani J, Kolibachuk J, Martinez H, Baekkeskov S
• Homing of GAD65 specific autoimmunity and development of insulitis requires expression of both DQ8 and human GAD65 in transgenic mice.
  Journal of autoimmunity 2009 Elagin RB, Balijepalli S, Diacovo MJ, Baekkeskov S, Jaume JC
• Palmitoylation cycles and regulation of protein function (Review).
  Molecular membrane biology 2009 Baekkeskov S, Kanaani J
• A palmitoylation cycle dynamically regulates partitioning of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD65 between ER-Golgi and post-Golgi membranes.
  Journal of cell science 2008 Kanaani J, Patterson G, Schaufele F, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Baekkeskov S
• Recombinant prion protein induces rapid polarization and development of synapses in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons in vitro.
  Journal of neurochemistry 2005 Kanaani J, Prusiner SB, Diacovo J, Baekkeskov S, Legname G
• Palmitoylation controls trafficking of GAD65 from Golgi membranes to axon-specific endosomes and a Rab5a-dependent pathway to presynaptic clusters.
  Journal of cell science 2004 Kanaani J, Diacovo MJ, El-Husseini Ael-D, Bredt DS, Baekkeskov S
• A combination of three distinct trafficking signals mediates axonal targeting and presynaptic clustering of GAD65.
  The Journal of cell biology 2002 Kanaani J, el-Husseini Ael-D, Aguilera-Moreno A, Diacovo JM, Bredt DS, Baekkeskov S
• Isolation and characterization of human monoclonal autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
  Autoimmunity 2002 Hayakawa N, Premawardhana LD, Powell M, Masuda M, Arnold C, Sanders J, Evans M, Chen S, Jaume JC, Baekkeskov S, Smith BR, Furmaniak J
• Suppressive effect of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-specific autoimmune B lymphocytes on processing of T cell determinants located within the antibody epitope.
  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2002 Jaume JC, Parry SL, Madec AM, Sønderstrup G, Baekkeskov S
• Endogenous expression levels of autoantigens influence success or failure of DNA immunizations to prevent type 1 diabetes: addition of IL-4 increases safety.
  European journal of immunology 2002 Wolfe T, Bot A, Hughes A, Möhrle U, Rodrigo E, Jaume JC, Baekkeskov S, von Herrath M
• Does GAD have a unique role in triggering IDDM?
  Journal of autoimmunity 2000 Baekkeskov S, Kanaani J, Jaume JC, Kash S
• Increased expression of GAD65 and GABA in pancreatic beta-cells impairs first-phase insulin secretion.
  American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2000 Shi Y, Kanaani J, Menard-Rose V, Ma YH, Chang PY, Hanahan D, Tobin A, Grodsky G, Baekkeskov S
• A non-cleavable mutant of Fas ligand does not prevent neutrophilic destruction of islet transplants.
  Transplantation 2000 Kang SM, Braat D, Schneider DB, O'Rourke RW, Lin Z, Ascher NL, Dichek DA, Baekkeskov S, Stock PG
• Peptide mapping and characterisation of glycation patterns of the glima 38 antigen recognised by autoantibodies in Type I diabetic patients.
  Diabetologia 2000 Roll U, Turck CW, Gitelman SE, Rosenthal SM, Nolte MS, Masharani U, Ziegler AG, Baekkeskov S
• A dendritic cell line genetically modified to express CTLA4-IG as a means to prolong islet allograft survival.
  Transplantation 2000 O'Rourke RW, Kang SM, Lower JA, Feng S, Ascher NL, Baekkeskov S, Stock PG
• The hydrophilic isoform of glutamate decarboxylase, GAD67, is targeted to membranes and nerve terminals independent of dimerization with the hydrophobic membrane-anchored isoform, GAD65.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1999 Kanaani J, Lissin D, Kash SF, Baekkeskov S
• The role of the synthetic enzyme GAD65 in the control of neuronal gamma-aminobutyric acid release.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999 Tian N, Petersen C, Kash S, Baekkeskov S, Copenhagen D, Nicoll R
• Glutamate decarboxylase and GABA in pancreatic islets: lessons from knock-out mice.
  Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 1999 Kash SF, Condie BG, Baekkeskov S
• High-resolution autoreactive epitope mapping and structural modeling of the 65 kDa form of human glutamic acid decarboxylase.
  Journal of molecular biology 1999 Schwartz HL, Chandonia JM, Kash SF, Kanaani J, Tunnell E, Domingo A, Cohen FE, Banga JP, Madec AM, Richter W, Baekkeskov S
• Increased anxiety and altered responses to anxiolytics in mice deficient in the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999 Kash SF, Tecott LH, Hodge C, Baekkeskov S
• Differential protection in two transgenic lines of NOD/Lt mice hyperexpressing the autoantigen GAD65 in pancreatic beta-cells.
  Diabetes 1998 Bridgett M, Cetkovic-Cvrlje M, O'Rourke R, Shi Y, Narayanswami S, Lambert J, Ramiya V, Baekkeskov S, Leiter EH
• Local GABA circuit control of experience-dependent plasticity in developing visual cortex.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 1998 Hensch TK, Fagiolini M, Mataga N, Stryker MP, Baekkeskov S, Kash SF
• Epilepsy in mice deficient in the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997 Kash SF, Johnson RS, Tecott LH, Noebels JL, Mayfield RD, Hanahan D, Baekkeskov S
• Fas ligand expression in islets of Langerhans does not confer immune privilege and instead targets them for rapid destruction.
  Nature medicine 1997 Kang SM, Schneider DB, Lin Z, Hanahan D, Dichek DA, Stock PG, Baekkeskov S
• Phosphorylation of serine residues 3, 6, 10, and 13 distinguishes membrane anchored from soluble glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and is restricted to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65alpha.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1997 Namchuk M, Lindsay L, Turck CW, Kanaani J, Baekkeskov S
• Immune reactivity of diabetes-associated human monoclonal autoantibodies defines multiple epitopes and detects two domain boundaries in glutamate decarboxylase.
  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1996 Syren K, Lindsay L, Stoehrer B, Jury K, Lühder F, Baekkeskov S, Richter W
• Identification and characterization of glima 38, a glycosylated islet cell membrane antigen, which together with GAD65 and IA2 marks the early phases of autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes.
  The Journal of clinical investigation 1996 Aanstoot HJ, Kang SM, Kim J, Lindsay LA, Roll U, Knip M, Atkinson M, Mose-Larsen P, Fey S, Ludvigsson J, Landin L, Bruining J, Maclaren N, Akerblom HK, Baekkeskov S
• Value of antibodies to GAD65 combined with islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for predicting IDDM in a childhood population.
  Diabetologia 1994 Aanstoot HJ, Sigurdsson E, Jaffe M, Shi Y, Christgau S, Grobbee D, Bruining GJ, Molenaar JL, Hofman A, Baekkeskov S
• Higher autoantibody levels and recognition of a linear NH2-terminal epitope in the autoantigen GAD65, distinguish stiff-man syndrome from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
  The Journal of experimental medicine 1994 Kim J, Namchuk M, Bugawan T, Fu Q, Jaffe M, Shi Y, Aanstoot HJ, Turck CW, Erlich H, Lennon V, Baekkeskov S
• Amino acid residues 24-31 but not palmitoylation of cysteines 30 and 45 are required for membrane anchoring of glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65.
  The Journal of cell biology 1994 Shi Y, Veit B, Baekkeskov S
• Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets.
  Diabetes 1993 Kim J, Richter W, Aanstoot HJ, Shi Y, Fu Q, Rajotte R, Warnock G, Baekkeskov S
• Pancreatic beta cells cultured from individual preneoplastic foci in a multistage tumorigenesis pathway: a potentially general technique for isolating physiologically representative cell lines.
  Molecular and cellular biology 1993 Radvanyi F, Christgau S, Baekkeskov S, Jolicoeur C, Hanahan D
• Transfer of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus associated autoimmunity to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
  Diabetologia 1993 Petersen JS, Marshall MO, Baekkeskov S, Hejnaes KR, Høier-Madsen M, Dyrberg T
• Autoreactive epitopes defined by diabetes-associated human monoclonal antibodies are localized in the middle and C-terminal domains of the smaller form of glutamate decarboxylase.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993 Richter W, Shi Y, Baekkeskov S
• The glutamate decarboxylase and 38KD autoantigens in type 1 diabetes: aspects of structure and epitope recognition.
  Autoimmunity 1993 Baekkeskov S, Aanstoot HJ, Fu Q, Jaffe M, Kim J, Quan J, Richter W, Shi Y
• Differential expression of neural cell adhesion molecule and cadherins in pancreatic islets, glucagonomas, and insulinomas.
  Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 1992 Møller CJ, Christgau S, Williamson MR, Madsen OD, Niu ZP, Bock E, Baekkeskov S
• Membrane anchoring of the autoantigen GAD65 to microvesicles in pancreatic beta-cells by palmitoylation in the NH2-terminal domain.
  The Journal of cell biology 1992 Christgau S, Aanstoot HJ, Schierbeck H, Begley K, Tullin S, Hejnaes K, Baekkeskov S
• Pancreatic beta cells express two autoantigenic forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, a 65-kDa hydrophilic form and a 64-kDa amphiphilic form which can be both membrane-bound and soluble.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1991 Christgau S, Schierbeck H, Aanstoot HJ, Aagaard L, Begley K, Kofod H, Hejnaes K, Baekkeskov S
• Pancreatic beta cells express two autoantigenic forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, a 65-kDa hydrophilic form and a 64-kDa amphiphilic form which can be both membrane-bound and soluble.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1991 Christgau S, Schierbeck H, Aanstoot HJ, Aagaard L, Begley K, Kofod H, Hejnaes K, Baekkeskov S
• Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase.
  Nature 1990 Baekkeskov S, Aanstoot HJ, Christgau S, Reetz A, Solimena M, Cascalho M, Folli F, Richter-Olesen H, De Camilli P, Camilli PD
• Cellular and subcellular localization of an Mr 64,000 protein autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1990 Christie MR, Pipeleers DG, Lernmark A, Baekkeskov S
• The 64-kDa beta cell membrane autoantigen and other target molecules of humoral autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
  Current topics in microbiology and immunology 1990 Sigurdsson E, Baekkeskov S
• Revelation of specificity of 64K autoantibodies in IDDM serums by high-resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis. Unambiguous identification of 64K target antigen.
  Diabetes 1989 Baekkeskov S, Warnock G, Christie M, Rajotte RV, Larsen PM, Fey S
• Preclinical and manifest diabetes mellitus in young patients with Friedreich's ataxia: no evidence of immune process behind the islet cell destruction.
  Diabetologia 1989 Schoenle EJ, Boltshauser EJ, Baekkeskov S, Landin Olsson M, Torresani T, von Felten A
• Supravital dithizone staining in the isolation of human and rat pancreatic islets.
  Diabetes research (Edinburgh, Scotland) 1989 Hansen WA, Christie MR, Kahn R, Norgaard A, Abel I, Petersen AM, Jorgensen DW, Baekkeskov S, Nielsen JH, Lernmark A
• Beta-cell lines derived from transgenic mice expressing a hybrid insulin gene-oncogene.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1988 Efrat S, Linde S, Kofod H, Spector D, Delannoy M, Grant S, Hanahan D, Baekkeskov S
• Antibodies to a Mr-64,000 islet cell protein in Swedish children with newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
  Diabetologia 1988 Christie M, Landin-Olsson M, Sundkvist G, Dahlquist G, Lernmark A, Baekkeskov S
• Studies of the isolation and viability of human islets of Langerhans.
  Transplantation 1988 Warnock GL, Ellis D, Rajotte RV, Dawidson I, Baekkeskov S, Egebjerg J
• [Spontaneous diabetes and diabetes induced by streptozotocin in the rat and mouse].
  Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu 1988 Lernmark A, Markholst H, Laursen H, Contreas G, Altieri M, Baekkeskov S, Herold R, Kastern W, Madsen OD
• Islet-specific immune mechanisms.
  Diabetes/metabolism reviews 1987 Lernmark A, Li S, Baekkeskov S, Christie M, Michelsen B, Ursing J, Olsson ML, Sundkvist G
• Coordinate expression of the endogenous p53 gene in beta cells of transgenic mice expressing hybrid insulin-SV40 T antigen genes.
  The EMBO journal 1987 Efrat S, Baekkeskov S, Lane D, Hanahan D
• Antibodies to a 64,000 Mr human islet cell antigen precede the clinical onset of insulin-dependent diabetes.
  The Journal of clinical investigation 1987 Baekkeskov S, Landin M, Kristensen JK, Srikanta S, Bruining GJ, Mandrup-Poulsen T, de Beaufort C, Soeldner JS, Eisenbarth G, Lindgren F
• Islet cell and 64K autoantibodies are associated with plasma IgG in newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic children.
  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1986 Gerling I, Baekkeskov S, Lernmark A
• Immunoreactivity to a 64,000 Mr human islet cell antigen in sera from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients and individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance.
  Molecular biology & medicine 1986 Baekkeskov S
• Immunological aspects of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
  Advances in experimental medicine and biology 1985 Lernmark A, Baekkeskov S, Gerling I, Kastern W, Knutson C, Michelsen B
• [Mechanism and genetic control of the autoimmune response directed against beta-pancreatic cells in insulin-dependent diabetes].
  Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu 1985 Michelsen B, Baekkeskov S, Deufel T, Kastern W, Kofod H, Lernmark A, Vissing H
• A beta-cell glycoprotein of Mr 40 000 is the major rat islet cell immunogen following xenogenic immunisation.
  Diabetologia 1984 Baekkeskov S, Lernmark A
• Autoantibodies to a 64-kilodalton islet cell protein precede the onset of spontaneous diabetes in the BB rat.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 1984 Baekkeskov S, Dyrberg T, Lernmark A
• Glucose stimulates the biosynthesis of a human pancreatic islet cell protein detected by an antiserum against the human erythrocyte glucose transporter.
  FEBS letters 1983 Baekkeskov S, Lernmark A
• Immunoglobulin from insulin-dependent diabetic children inhibits glucose-induced insulin release.
  Diabetes 1983 Kanatsuna T, Baekkeskov S, Lernmark A, Ludvigsson J
• Role of islet cell antibodies in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes.
  Current problems in clinical biochemistry 1983 Brogren CH, Baekkeskov S, Dyrberg T, Lernmark A, Marner B, Nerup J, Papadopoulos GK
• Specific pancreatic beta-cell surface antigens recognized by a xenogenic antiserum.
  The Journal of cell biology 1982 Dyrberg T, Baekkeskov S, Lernmark A
• Autoantibodies in newly diagnosed diabetic children immunoprecipitate human pancreatic islet cell proteins.
  Nature 1982 Baekkeskov S, Nielsen JH, Marner B, Bilde T, Ludvigsson J, Lernmark A
• Islet cell surface antibodies and lymphocyte antibodies in the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat.
  Diabetes 1982 Dyrberg T, Nakhooda AF, Baekkeskov S, Lernmark A, Poussier P, Marliss EB
• Rodent islet cell antigens recognized by antibodies in sera from diabetic patients.
  Acta biologica et medica Germanica 1982 Baekkeskov S, Lernmark A
• Islet cell antibodies-theoretical and practical implications.
  Diabetologia 1981 Lernmark A, Baekkeskov S
• Expression of major histocompatibility antigens on pancreatic islet cells.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1981 Baekkeskov S, Kanatsuna T, Klareskog L, Nielsen DA, Peterson PA, Rubenstein AH, Steiner DF, Lernmark A
• Islet transplantation in mice differing in the I and S subregions of the H-2 complex.
  Transplantation 1981 Steffes MW, Nielsen O, Dyrberg T, Baekkeskov S, Scott J, Lernmark A
• Sub-cellular fractionation of Trypanosoma brucei. Isolation and characterization of plasma membranes.
  Parasitology 1980 Rovis L, Baekkeskov S