Roberta Ballard
Professor Emeritus
Pediatrics
School of Medicine

Grants and Projects

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• Trial of Late SURFactant (TOLSURF) to Prevent BPD - Clinical Coord Ctr, NIH, 2009-2016
• Inhaled No in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease, NIH, 2000-2008
• SCOR in Pathobiology of Lung Development, NIH, 1996-2007
• General Clinical Research Center, NIH, 1976-2006
• Trh and the Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease, NIH, 1993-1998

Publications (89)

Top publication keywords:
Infant, NewbornBronchopulmonary DysplasiaInfant, Premature, DiseasesAdministration, InhalationPulmonary SurfactantsHypoxia-Ischemia, BrainNitric OxideErythropoietinSurface-Active AgentsInfant, Low Birth WeightLung DiseasesRespiratory Distress Syndrome, NewbornRespiration, ArtificialBudesonideInfant, Premature

• Blood metabolomics in infants enrolled in a dose escalation pilot trial of budesonide in surfactant.
  Pediatric research 2021 Ballard PL, Torgerson D, Wadhawan R, Hudak ML, Weitkamp JH, Harris J, Asselin J, Chapin C, Ballard RA, McEvoy CT
• Composition and origin of lung fluid proteome in premature infants and relationship to respiratory outcome.
  PloS one 2020 Ballard PL, Oses-Prieto J, Chapin C, Segal MR, Ballard RA, Burlingame AL
• Dose-escalation trial of budesonide in surfactant for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low gestational age high-risk newborns (SASSIE).
  Pediatric research 2020 McEvoy CT, Ballard PL, Ward RM, Rower JE, Wadhawan R, Hudak ML, Weitkamp JH, Harris J, Asselin J, Chapin C, Ballard RA
• Biopharmaceutical Industry Approaches to Facility Segregation for Viral Safety: An Effort from the Consortium on Adventitious Agent Contamination in Biomanufacturing.
  PDA journal of pharmaceutical science and technology 2018 Barone PW, Avgerinos S, Ballard R, Brussel A, Clark P, Dowd C, Gerentes L, Hart I, Keumurian FJ, Kindermann J, Leung JC, Ly N, Mink S, Minning S, Mullberg J, Murphy M, Nöske K, Parriott S, Shum B, …
• Ancestry and genetic associations with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.
  American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 2018 Torgerson DG, Ballard PL, Keller RL, Oh SS, Huntsman S, Hu D, Eng C, Burchard EG, Ballard RA, TOLSURF Study Group

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• Surfactant status and respiratory outcome in premature infants receiving late surfactant treatment.
  Pediatric research 2018 Ballard PL, Keller RL, Truog WE, Chapin C, Horneman H, Segal MR, Ballard RA, Tolsurf Investigators
• Reply.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2018 Ballard RA, Ballard PL, Askie LM, Schreiber MD, Hibbs AM, Torgerson DG, Keller RL
• Maternal Black Race and Persistent Wheezing Illness in Former Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2018 Wai KC, Hibbs AM, Steurer MA, Black DM, Asselin JM, Eichenwald EC, Ballard PL, Ballard RA, Keller RL, Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) Study Group
• Race Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2017 Askie LM, Davies LC, Schreiber MD, Hibbs AM, Ballard PL, Ballard RA
• Chronic Pulmonary Insufficiency of Prematurity: Developing Optimal Endpoints for Drug Development.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2017 Steinhorn R, Davis JM, Göpel W, Jobe A, Abman S, Laughon M, Bancalari E, Aschner J, Ballard R, Greenough A, Storari L, Thomson M, Ariagno RL, Fabbri L, Turner MA, International Neonatal Consortium
• Reply.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2017 Keller RL, Ballard RA
• The Randomized, Controlled Trial of Late Surfactant: Effects on Respiratory Outcomes at 1-Year Corrected Age.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2017 Keller RL, Eichenwald EC, Hibbs AM, Rogers EE, Wai KC, Black DM, Ballard PL, Asselin JM, Truog WE, Merrill JD, Mammel MC, Steinhorn RH, Ryan RM, Durand DJ, Bendel CM, Bendel-Stenzel EM, Courtney SE, …
• Characteristics of Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns Undergoing Tracheotomy: A Secondary Analysis of the Trial of Late Surfactant Randomized Clinical Trial.
  JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 2017 Wai KC, Keller RL, Lusk LA, Ballard RA, Chan DK, Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) Study Group
• Early Cumulative Supplemental Oxygen Predicts Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in High Risk Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2016 Wai KC, Kohn MA, Ballard RA, Truog WE, Black DM, Asselin JM, Ballard PL, Rogers EE, Keller RL, Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) Study Group
• High-Dose Erythropoietin and Hypothermia for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Phase II Trial.
  Pediatrics 2016 Wu YW, Mathur AM, Chang T, McKinstry RC, Mulkey SB, Mayock DE, Van Meurs KP, Rogers EE, Gonzalez FF, Comstock BA, Juul SE, Msall ME, Bonifacio SL, Glass HC, Massaro AN, Dong L, Tan KW, Heagerty PJ, …
• Pharmacokinetics of Budesonide Administered with Surfactant in Premature Lambs: Implications for Neonatal Clinical Trials.
  Current clinical pharmacology 2016 Roberts JK, Stockmann C, Dahl MJ, Albertine KH, Egan E, Lin Z, Reilly CA, Ballard PL, Ballard RA, Ward RM
• Comparisons and Limitations of Current Definitions of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia for the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program.
  Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2015 Poindexter BB, Feng R, Schmidt B, Aschner JL, Ballard RA, Hamvas A, Reynolds AM, Shaw PA, Jobe AH, Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program
• Randomized Trial of Late Surfactant Treatment in Ventilated Preterm Infants Receiving Inhaled Nitric Oxide.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2015 Ballard RA, Keller RL, Black DM, Ballard PL, Merrill JD, Eichenwald EC, Truog WE, Mammel MC, Steinhorn RH, Rogers EE, Ryan RM, Durand DJ, Asselin JM, Bendel CM, Bendel-Stenzel EM, Courtney SE, …
• Prematurity and respiratory outcomes program (PROP): study protocol of a prospective multicenter study of respiratory outcomes of preterm infants in the United States.
  BMC pediatrics 2015 Pryhuber GS, Maitre NL, Ballard RA, Cifelli D, Davis SD, Ellenberg JH, Greenberg JM, Kemp J, Mariani TJ, Panitch H, Ren C, Shaw P, Taussig LM, Hamvas A, Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program …
• Respiratory consequences of prematurity: evolution of a diagnosis and development of a comprehensive approach.
  Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2015 Maitre NL, Ballard RA, Ellenberg JH, Davis SD, Greenberg JM, Hamvas A, Pryhuber GS, Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program
• Erythropoietin and hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  Pediatric neurology 2014 Rogers EE, Bonifacio SL, Glass HC, Juul SE, Chang T, Mayock DE, Durand DJ, Song D, Barkovich AJ, Ballard RA, Wu YW
• Inhaled nitric oxide increases urinary nitric oxide metabolites and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in premature infants: relationship to pulmonary outcome.
  American journal of perinatology 2014 Ballard PL, Keller RL, Black DM, Durand DJ, Merrill JD, Eichenwald EC, Truog WE, Mammel MC, Steinhorn R, Ryan RM, Courtney SE, Horneman H, Ballard RA, Investigators of TOLSURF Pilot and TOLSURF
• Late administration of surfactant replacement therapy increases surfactant protein-B content: a randomized pilot study.
  Pediatric research 2012 Keller RL, Merrill JD, Black DM, Steinhorn RH, Eichenwald EC, Durand DJ, Ryan RM, Truog WE, Courtney SE, Ballard PL, Ballard RA
• Erythropoietin for neuroprotection in neonatal encephalopathy: safety and pharmacokinetics.
  Pediatrics 2012 Wu YW, Bauer LA, Ballard RA, Ferriero DM, Glidden DV, Mayock DE, Chang T, Durand DJ, Song D, Bonifacio SL, Gonzalez FF, Glass HC, Juul SE
• Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants: an individual-patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials.
  Pediatrics 2011 Askie LM, Ballard RA, Cutter GR, Dani C, Elbourne D, Field D, Hascoet JM, Hibbs AM, Kinsella JP, Mercier JC, Rich W, Schreiber MD, Wongsiridej PS, Subhedar NV, Van Meurs KP, Voysey M, Barrington K, …
• Pilot trial of late booster doses of surfactant for ventilated premature infants.
  Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2011 Merrill JD, Ballard PL, Courtney SE, Durand DJ, Hamvas A, Hibbs AM, Lu KW, Ryan RM, Reynolds AM, Spence K, Steinhorn RH, Truog WE, Eichenwald EC, Ballard RA
• Re: 'The use of iNO in the newborn period: results from the European iNO registry'.
  Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2010 Golombek SG, Truog WE, Ballard RA, Ballard PL
• Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.
  BMC pediatrics 2010 Askie LM, Ballard RA, Cutter G, Dani C, Elbourne D, Field D, Hascoet JM, Hibbs AM, Kinsella JP, Mercier JC, Rich W, Schreiber MD, Srisuparp P, Subhedar NV, Van Meurs KP, Voysey M, Barrington K, …
• Two-year neurodevelopmental outcomes of ventilated preterm infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2010 Walsh MC, Hibbs AM, Martin CR, Cnaan A, Keller RL, Vittinghoff E, Martin RJ, Truog WE, Ballard PL, Zadell A, Wadlinger SR, Coburn CE, Ballard RA, NO CLD Study Group
• Accounting for multiple births in neonatal and perinatal trials: systematic review and case study.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2009 Hibbs AM, Black D, Palermo L, Cnaan A, Luan X, Truog WE, Walsh MC, Ballard RA
• Economic evaluation of inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.
  Pediatrics 2009 Zupancic JA, Hibbs AM, Palermo L, Truog WE, Cnaan A, Black DM, Ballard PL, Wadlinger SR, Ballard RA, NO CLD Trial Group
• Inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants: effect on tracheal aspirate and plasma nitric oxide metabolites.
  Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2009 Posencheg MA, Gow AJ, Truog WE, Ballard RA, Cnaan A, Golombek SG, Ballard PL, NO CLD Investigators
• Expression of nitric oxide synthases and endogenous NO metabolism in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  Pediatric pulmonology 2008 Davis CW, Gonzales LW, Ballard RA, Ballard PL, Guo C, Gow AJ
• One-year respiratory outcomes of preterm infants enrolled in the Nitric Oxide (to prevent) Chronic Lung Disease trial.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2008 Hibbs AM, Walsh MC, Martin RJ, Truog WE, Lorch SA, Alessandrini E, Cnaan A, Palermo L, Wadlinger SR, Coburn CE, Ballard PL, Ballard RA
• Inhaled nitric oxide for preterm infants.
  Pediatrics 2008 Truog WE, Martin RJ, Ballard RA, Black D, Cnaan A, NO CLD Study Group
• Plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress: relationship to lung disease and inhaled nitric oxide therapy in premature infants.
  Pediatrics 2008 Ballard PL, Truog WE, Merrill JD, Gow A, Posencheg M, Golombek SG, Parton LA, Luan X, Cnaan A, Ballard RA
• Therapeutic hypothermia changes the prognostic value of clinical evaluation of neonatal encephalopathy.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2007 Gunn AJ, Wyatt JS, Whitelaw A, Barks J, Azzopardi D, Ballard R, Edwards AD, Ferriero DM, Gluckman PD, Polin RA, Robertson CM, Thoresen M, CoolCap Study Group
• Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants--correction.
  The New England journal of medicine 2007 Ballard RA
• The effect of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary function in preterm infants.
  Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2007 Di Fiore JM, Hibbs AM, Zadell AE, Merrill JD, Eichenwald EC, Puri AR, Mayock DE, Courtney SE, Ballard RA, Martin RJ
• Surfactant function and composition in premature infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide.
  Pediatrics 2007 Ballard PL, Merrill JD, Truog WE, Godinez RI, Godinez MH, McDevitt TM, Ning Y, Golombek SG, Parton LA, Luan X, Cnaan A, Ballard RA
• Determinants of outcomes after head cooling for neonatal encephalopathy.
  Pediatrics 2007 Wyatt JS, Gluckman PD, Liu PY, Azzopardi D, Ballard R, Edwards AD, Ferriero DM, Polin RA, Robertson CM, Thoresen M, Whitelaw A, Gunn AJ, CoolCap Study Group
• Inflammatory markers and mediators in tracheal fluid of premature infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide.
  Pediatrics 2007 Truog WE, Ballard PL, Norberg M, Golombek S, Savani RC, Merrill JD, Parton LA, Cnaan A, Luan X, Ballard RA, Nitric Oxide (to Prevent) Chronic Lung Disease Study Investigators
• Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.
  The New England journal of medicine 2006 Ballard RA, Truog WE, Cnaan A, Martin RJ, Ballard PL, Merrill JD, Walsh MC, Durand DJ, Mayock DE, Eichenwald EC, Null DR, Hudak ML, Puri AR, Golombek SG, Courtney SE, Stewart DL, Welty SE, Phibbs RH, …
• Urinary metabolites of oxidative stress and nitric oxide in preterm and term infants.
  Biology of the neonate 2006 Farkouh CR, Merrill JD, Ballard PL, Ballard RA, Ischiropoulos H, Lorch SA
• Neonatal - perinatal medicine fellowship training in long-term outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit graduates.
  Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2005 Deregnier RA, Ballard R, O'shea TM, Piecuch R, Walsh M, Aschner JL
• Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: multicentre randomised trial.
  Lancet (London, England) 2005 Gluckman PD, Wyatt JS, Azzopardi D, Ballard R, Edwards AD, Ferriero DM, Polin RA, Robertson CM, Thoresen M, Whitelaw A, Gunn AJ
• Dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant in chronically ventilated premature infants.
  Pediatric research 2004 Merrill JD, Ballard RA, Cnaan A, Hibbs AM, Godinez RI, Godinez MH, Truog WE, Ballard PL
• Low levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases with a high matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio are present in tracheal aspirate fluids of infants who develop chronic lung disease.
  Pediatrics 2004 Ekekezie II, Thibeault DW, Simon SD, Norberg M, Merrill JD, Ballard RA, Ballard PL, Truog WE
• Surfactant protein profile of pulmonary surfactant in premature infants.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2003 Ballard PL, Merrill JD, Godinez RI, Godinez MH, Truog WE, Ballard RA
• Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine and outcome in neonates with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia after inhaled nitric oxide.
  Free radical biology & medicine 2003 Lorch SA, Banks BA, Christie J, Merrill JD, Althaus J, Schmidt K, Ballard PL, Ischiropoulos H, Ballard RA
• Pulmonary surfactant for neonatal respiratory disorders.
  Current opinion in pediatrics 2003 Merrill JD, Ballard RA
• Interaction of endogenous endothelin-1 and inhaled nitric oxide in term and preterm infants.
  Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 2002 Truog WE, Pallotto E, Clark P, Banks B, Kaftan HA, Ekekezie II, Norberg M, Ballard RA
• Fear of litigation may increase resuscitation of infants born near the limits of viability.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2002 Ballard DW, Li Y, Evans J, Ballard RA, Ubel PA
• Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids are associated with early severe lung disease in preterm neonates.
  Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2002 Banks BA, Macones G, Cnaan A, Merrill JD, Ballard PL, Ballard RA, North American TRH Study Group
• Association of plasma cortisol and chronic lung disease in preterm infants.
  Pediatrics 2001 Banks BA, Stouffer N, Cnaan A, Ning Y, Merrill JD, Ballard RA, Ballard PL, North American Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Trial Collaborators
• Clinical use of antenatal corticosteroids: benefits and risks.
  Pediatrics in review 2000 Merrill JD, Ballard RA
• Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids and outcome of premature neonates. North American Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Study Group.
  American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1999 Banks BA, Cnaan A, Morgan MA, Parer JT, Merrill JD, Ballard PL, Ballard RA
• Changes in oxygenation with inhaled nitric oxide in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  Pediatrics 1999 Banks BA, Seri I, Ischiropoulos H, Merrill J, Rychik J, Ballard RA
• Antenatal hormone therapy for fetal lung maturation.
  Clinics in perinatology 1998 Merrill JD, Ballard RA
• Plasma thyroid hormones in premature infants: effect of gestational age and antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone treatment. TRH Collaborative Trial Participants.
  Pediatric research 1998 Ballard PL, Ballard RA, Ning Y, Cnann A, Boardman C, Pinto-Martin J, Polk D, Phibbs RH, Davis DJ, Mannino FL, Hart M
• Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine is elevated in premature infants who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  Pediatrics 1998 Banks BA, Ischiropoulos H, McClelland M, Ballard PL, Ballard RA
• Antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone to prevent lung disease in preterm infants. North American Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Study Group.
  The New England journal of medicine 1998 Ballard RA, Ballard PL, Cnaan A, Pinto-Martin J, Davis DJ, Padbury JF, Phibbs RH, Parer JT, Hart MC, Mannino FL, Sawai SK
• Antenatal hormone therapy for improving the outcome of the preterm infant.
  Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 1996 Ballard RA, Ballard PL
• Partial deficiency of surfactant protein B in an infant with chronic lung disease.
  Pediatrics 1995 Ballard PL, Nogee LM, Beers MF, Ballard RA, Planer BC, Polk L, deMello DE, Moxley MA, Longmore WJ
• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone for prevention of neonatal respiratory disease.
  Lancet (London, England) 1995 Ballard RA, Ballard PL, Cnaan A, Pinto-Martin J
• Outcome of very low birth weight infants: multiple gestation versus singletons.
  Pediatrics 1994 Leonard CH, Piecuch RE, Ballard RA, Cooper BA
• Plasma thyroid hormones and prolactin in premature infants and their mothers after prenatal treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
  Pediatric research 1992 Ballard PL, Ballard RA, Creasy RK, Padbury J, Polk DH, Bracken M, Moya FR, Gross I
• Respiratory disease in very-low-birthweight infants after prenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoid. TRH Study Group.
  Lancet (London, England) 1992 Ballard RA, Ballard PL, Creasy RK, Padbury J, Polk DH, Bracken M, Moya FR, Gross I
• Initial clinical trial of EXOSURF, a protein-free synthetic surfactant, for the prophylaxis and early treatment of hyaline membrane disease.
  Pediatrics 1991 Phibbs RH, Ballard RA, Clements JA, Heilbron DC, Phibbs CS, Schlueter MA, Sniderman SH, Tooley WH, Wakeley A
• Recombinant human erythropoietin in the anemia of prematurity: results of a placebo-controlled pilot study.
  The Journal of pediatrics 1991 Shannon KM, Mentzer WC, Abels RI, Freeman P, Newton N, Thompson D, Sniderman S, Ballard R, Phibbs RH
• Effect of medical and social risk factors on outcome of prematurity and very low birth weight.
  The Journal of pediatrics 1990 Leonard CH, Clyman RI, Piecuch RE, Juster RP, Ballard RA, Behle MB
• Theophylline treatment in the extubation of infants weighing less than 1,250 grams: a controlled trial.
  Pediatrics 1987 Durand DJ, Goodman A, Ray P, Ballard RA, Clyman RI
• Developmental follow-up of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
  Clinics in perinatology 1984 Ballard RA, Leonard CH
• Risk factor analysis of intraventricular hemorrhage in low-birth-weight infants.
  The Journal of pediatrics 1981 Clark CE, Clyman RI, Roth RS, Sniderman SH, Lane B, Ballard RA
• Prenatal administration of betamethasone for prevention of patient ductus arteriosus.
  The Journal of pediatrics 1981 Clyman RI, Ballard PL, Sniderman S, Ballard RA, Roth R, Heymann MA, Granberg JP
• Fetal sex and prenatal betamethasone therapy.
  The Journal of pediatrics 1980 Ballard PL, Ballard RA, Granberg JP, Sniderman S, Gluckman PD, Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM
• Glucocorticoids in prevention of respiratory distress syndrome.
  Hospital practice 1980 Ballard PL, Ballard RA
• Control of oxygenation during the transport of sick neonates.
  Pediatrics 1980 Miller C, Clyman RI, Roth RS, Sniderman SH, Ballard RA, Henning D, Riedel P, Rosen A, Burden L
• Preliminary observations on the behavior of children present at the birth of a sibling.
  Pediatrics 1979 Leonard CH, Irwin N, Ballard RA, Ferris C, Clyman R
• Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in an intensive care nursery: rapid diagnosis by direct immunofluorescence.
  Pediatrics 1979 Mintz L, Ballard RA, Sniderman SH, Roth RS, Drew WL
• Acquired cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants.
  American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1979 Ballard RA, Drew WL, Hufnagle KG, Riedel PA
• What pediatricians say to mothers of sick newborns: an indirect evaluation of the counseling process.
  Pediatrics 1979 Clyman RI, Sniderman SH, Ballard RA, Roth RS
• Corticosteroids and respiratory distress syndrome: status 1979.
  Pediatrics 1979 Ballard PL, Ballard RA
• Prenatal administration of betamethasone for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome.
  The Journal of pediatrics 1979 Ballard RA, Ballard PL, Granberg JP, Sniderman S
• Use of prenatal glucocorticoid therapy to prevent respiratory distress syndrome. A supporting view.
  American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1976 Ballard RA, Ballard PL
• Hydrocephalus secondary to intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants.
  Child's brain 1976 Wise BL, Ballard R
• Glucocorticoid levels in maternal and cord serum after prenatal betamethasone therapy to prevent respiratory distress syndrome.
  The Journal of clinical investigation 1975 Ballard PL, Granberg P, Ballard RA
• Cytoplasmic receptor for glucocorticoids in lung of the human fetus and neonate.
  The Journal of clinical investigation 1974 Ballard PL, Ballard RA
• Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Treatment with continuous negative-pressure ventilation.
  American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1973 Ballard RA, Kraybill EN, Hernandez J, Renfield ML, Blankenship WJ