Robert Schoene, MD
HS Clinical Professor
Medicine
School of Medicine

Grants and Projects

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• Clinical Investigator Award, NIH, 1981-1986

Publications (116)

Top publication keywords:
Brain EdemaHypoxiaMasksMountaineeringAcclimatizationCarbon DioxidePhysical ExertionHypothermiaAltitudeAltitude SicknessPulmonary EdemaWilderness MedicineExpeditionsOxygenRespiration

• West Ridge Forerunner: Thomas F. Hornbein and the Development of the Maytag Oxygen Mask for the 1963 American Mount Everest Expedition.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2025 Rodway GW, Schoene RB
• Wilderness.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2025 Schoene RB, Binder WD
• Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness: 2024 Update.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2023 Luks AM, Beidleman BA, Freer L, Grissom CK, Keyes LE, McIntosh SE, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH
• Safety and Stability of Pulmonary Function in Patients with Decreased Respiratory Function Treated for Spasticity with OnabotulinumtoxinA.
  Toxins 2020 Ayyoub Z, Brashear A, Banach M, Schoene R, Stringer W, Boodhoo T, Yushmanova I, Dimitrova R, Brin MF
• Effects of surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity: the numbers do not add up.
  Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2020 Hopkins SR, Stickland MK, Schoene RB, Swenson ER, Luks AM

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• COVID-19 Lung Injury is Not High Altitude Pulmonary Edema.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2020 Luks AM, Freer L, Grissom CK, McIntosh SE, Schoene RB, Swenson ER, Hackett PH
• Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Out-of-Hospital Evaluation and Treatment of Accidental Hypothermia: 2019 Update.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2019 Dow J, Giesbrecht GG, Danzl DF, Brugger H, Sagalyn EB, Walpoth B, Auerbach PS, McIntosh SE, Némethy M, McDevitt M, Schoene RB, Rodway GW, Hackett PH, Zafren K, Bennett BL, Grissom CK
• Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness: 2019 Update.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2019 Luks AM, Auerbach PS, Freer L, Grissom CK, Keyes LE, McIntosh SE, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH
• Acetazolamide and N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of chronic mountain sickness (Monge's disease).
  Respiratory physiology & neurobiology 2017 Sharma S, Gralla J, Ordonez JG, Hurtado ME, Swenson ER, Schoene RB, Kelly JP, Callacondo D, Rivard C, Roncal-Jimenez C, Sirota J, Fuquay R, Jackson BP, Swenson KE, Johnson RJ, Hurtado A, Escudero E
• Risk Stratification for Athletes and Adventurers in High-Altitude Environments: Recommendations for Preparticipation Evaluation.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2015 Campbell AD, McIntosh SE, Nyberg A, Powell AP, Schoene RB, Hackett P
• Risk Stratification for Athletes and Adventurers in High-Altitude Environments: Recommendations for Preparticipation Evaluation.
  Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine 2015 Campbell AD, McIntosh SE, Nyberg A, Powell AP, Schoene RB, Hackett P
• Hypothermia Evidence, Afterdrop, and Guidelines.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2015 Zafren K, Giesbrecht GG, Danzl DF, Brugger H, Sagalyn EB, Walpoth B, Weiss EA, Auerbach PS, McIntosh SE, Némethy M, McDevitt M, Dow J, Schoene RB, Rodway GW, Hackett PH, Bennett BL, Grissom CK
• Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the out-of-hospital evaluation and treatment of accidental hypothermia: 2014 update.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2014 Zafren K, Giesbrecht GG, Danzl DF, Brugger H, Sagalyn EB, Walpoth B, Weiss EA, Auerbach PS, McIntosh SE, Némethy M, McDevitt M, Dow J, Schoene RB, Rodway GW, Hackett PH, Bennett BL, Grissom CK, …
• Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness: 2014 update.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2014 Luks AM, McIntosh SE, Grissom CK, Auerbach PS, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH, Wilderness Medical Society
• Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the out-of-hospital evaluation and treatment of accidental hypothermia.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2014 Zafren K, Giesbrecht GG, Danzl DF, Brugger H, Sagalyn EB, Walpoth B, Weiss EA, Auerbach PS, McIntosh SE, Némethy M, McDevitt M, Dow J, Schoene RB, Rodway GW, Hackett PH, Bennett BL, Grissom CK, …
• Performance-enhancing drugs-commentaries.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2012 Cushing TA, McIntosh SE, Keyes LE, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Basnyat B, Freer L
• In tribute to James A. Wilkerson III, MD.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2012 McIntosh SE, Gravatt AR, Giesbrecht G, Auerbach PS, Erb BD, Forgey WW, Schoene RB, Grissom CK
• High altitude renal syndrome (HARS).
  Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2011 Arestegui AH, Fuquay R, Sirota J, Swenson ER, Schoene RB, Jefferson JA, Chen W, Yu XQ, Kelly JP, Johnson RJ, Escudero E
• Wilderness Medical Society consensus guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2010 Luks AM, McIntosh SE, Grissom CK, Auerbach PS, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH, Wilderness Medical Society
• End-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and acute mountain sickness in the first 24 hours upon ascent to Cusco Peru (3326 meters).
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2010 Douglas DJ, Schoene RB
• Illnesses at high altitude.
  Chest 2008 Schoene RB
• A patient with vanishing lung syndrome and remarkable tolerance to high altitude.
  Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2007 Luks AM, Goss CH, Schoene RB, Swenson ER
• Limits of respiration at high altitude.
  Clinics in chest medicine 2005 Schoene RB
• Dexamethasone: by safe means, by fair means.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2005 Schoene RB
• Climbing risks with a patent foramen ovale.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2004 Levine BD, Schoene RB
• Increased oxidative stress following acute and chronic high altitude exposure.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2004 Jefferson JA, Simoni J, Escudero E, Hurtado ME, Swenson ER, Wesson DE, Schreiner GF, Schoene RB, Johnson RJ, Hurtado A
• Respiratory diseases and high altitude.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2004 Cogo A, Fischer R, Schoene R
• Unraveling the mechanism of high altitude pulmonary edema.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2004 Schoene RB
• Overtraining Syndrome: Why Training too Hard, too Long, Doesn't Work.
  The Physician and sportsmedicine 2003 Hawley CJ, Schoene RB
• Overtraining syndrome: a guide to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
  The Physician and sportsmedicine 2003 Hawley CJ, Schoene RB
• Effectiveness of screening examinations to detect unrecognized exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2002 Hallstrand TS, Curtis JR, Koepsell TD, Martin DP, Schoene RB, Sullivan SD, Yorioka GN, Aitken ML
• Hyperuricemia, hypertension, and proteinuria associated with high-altitude polycythemia.
  American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2002 Jefferson JA, Escudero E, Hurtado ME, Kelly JP, Swenson ER, Wener MH, Burnier M, Maillard M, Schreiner GF, Schoene RB, Hurtado A, Johnson RJ
• Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome associated with pancreatic exocrine abnormalities and new-onset diabetes mellitus.
  Archives of internal medicine 2002 Sommers LM, Schoene RB
• Excessive erythrocytosis, chronic mountain sickness, and serum cobalt levels.
  Lancet (London, England) 2002 Jefferson JA, Escudero E, Hurtado ME, Pando J, Tapia R, Swenson ER, Prchal J, Schreiner GF, Schoene RB, Hurtado A, Johnson RJ
• Limits of human lung function at high altitude.
  The Journal of experimental biology 2001 Schoene RB
• Cognitive compromise following exercise in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome: fact or artifact?
  Applied neuropsychology 2001 Claypoole K, Mahurin R, Fischer ME, Goldberg J, Schmaling KB, Schoene RB, Ashton S, Buchwald D
• Fatal high altitude pulmonary edema associated with absence of the left pulmonary artery.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2001 Schoene RB
• Letter from Denali: pulmonary edema at high altitude.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2001 Schoene RB
• Aerobic conditioning in mild asthma decreases the hyperpnea of exercise and improves exercise and ventilatory capacity.
  Chest 2000 Hallstrand TS, Bates PW, Schoene RB
• Ageing, muscle properties and maximal O(2) uptake rate in humans.
  The Journal of physiology 2000 Conley KE, Esselman PC, Jubrias SA, Cress ME, Inglin B, Mogadam C, Schoene RB
• Lung disease at high altitude.
  Advances in experimental medicine and biology 1999 Schoene RB
• The brain at high altitude.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 1999 Schoene RB
• Arterial oxygen saturation for prediction of acute mountain sickness.
  Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 1998 Roach RC, Greene ER, Schoene RB, Hackett PH
• Peripheral blood manifestations of T(H)2 lymphocyte activation in stable atopic asthma and during exercise-induced bronchospasm.
  Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 1998 Hallstrand TS, Ault KA, Bates PW, Mitchell J, Schoene RB
• Sustained submaximal exercise does not alter the integrity of the lung blood-gas barrier in elite athletes.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1998 Hopkins SR, Schoene RB, Henderson WR, Spragg RG, West JB
• High-altitude pulmonary edema: more lessons from the master.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 1997 Schoene RB
• Spirometry and airway reactivity in elite track and field athletes.
  Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine 1997 Schoene RB, Giboney K, Schimmel C, Hagen J, Robinson J, Schoene RB, Sato W, Sullivan KN
• Acute mountain sickness is not altered by a high carbohydrate diet nor associated with elevated circulating cytokines.
  Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 1997 Swenson ER, MacDonald A, Vatheuer M, Maks C, Treadwell A, Allen R, Schoene RB
• Intense exercise impairs the integrity of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier in elite athletes.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 1997 Hopkins SR, Schoene RB, Henderson WR, Spragg RG, Martin TR, West JB
• Control of breathing at high altitude.
  Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 1997 Schoene RB
• Urinary leukotriene E4 levels in high-altitude pulmonary edema. A possible role for inflammation.
  Chest 1996 Kaminsky DA, Jones K, Schoene RB, Voelkel NF
• Treatment of high-altitude pulmonary edema by bed rest and supplemental oxygen.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 1996 Zafren K, Reeves JT, Schoene R
• Diuretic effect of acute hypoxia in humans: relationship to hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness and renal hormones.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1995 Swenson ER, Duncan TB, Goldberg SV, Ramirez G, Ahmad S, Schoene RB
• Don't Let Altitude Sickness Bring You Down.
  The Physician and sportsmedicine 1995 Bovard R, Schoene RB, Wappes JR
• Sodium bicarbonate ingestion does not improve performance in women cyclists.
  Medicine and science in sports and exercise 1994 Kozak-Collins K, Burke ER, Schoene RB
• Pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in athletes. I. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch and diffusion limitation.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1994 Hopkins SR, McKenzie DC, Schoene RB, Glenny RW, Robertson HT
• Recovery of function in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 1994 McHugh LG, Milberg JA, Whitcomb ME, Schoene RB, Maunder RJ, Hudson LD
• Doubly labeled water measurement of human energy expenditure during exercise at high altitude.
  The American journal of physiology 1994 Hoyt RW, Jones TE, Baker-Fulco CJ, Schoeller DA, Schoene RB, Schwartz RS, Askew EW, Cymerman A
• Exercise ventilatory response to upright and aero-posture cycling.
  Medicine and science in sports and exercise 1993 Origenes MM, Blank SE, Schoene RB
• The quest for an animal model of high altitude pulmonary edema.
  International journal of sports medicine 1992 Schoene RB, Goldberg S
• Effect of age on bronchodilator response.
  Chest 1992 Kradjan WA, Driesner NK, Abuan TH, Emmick G, Schoene RB
• Brain tissue pH and ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1992 Goldberg SV, Schoene RB, Haynor D, Trimble B, Swenson ER, Morrison JB, Banister EJ
• Renal carbonic anhydrase inhibition reduces high altitude sleep periodic breathing.
  Respiration physiology 1991 Swenson ER, Leatham KL, Roach RC, Schoene RB, Mills WJ, Hackett PH
• When lungs on mountains leak. Studying pulmonary edema at high altitudes.
  The New England journal of medicine 1991 Reeves JT, Schoene RB
• Exercise breathing pattern during chronic altitude exposure.
  European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology 1991 Mekjavic IB, Moric C, Goldberg SV, Morrison JB, Walsh ML, Banister EW, Schoene RB
• Operation Everest II: ventilatory adaptation during gradual decompression to extreme altitude.
  Medicine and science in sports and exercise 1990 Schoene RB, Roach RC, Hackett PH, Sutton JR, Cymerman A, Houston CS
• The match test revisited. Blowing out a candle as a screening test for airflow obstruction.
  The Journal of family practice 1990 Teklu B, Pierson DJ, Fair K, Schoene RB
• Steady-state infusions of opioids in human. II. Concentration-effect relationships and therapeutic margins.
  Pain 1990 Hill HF, Chapman CR, Saeger LS, Bjurstrom R, Walter MH, Schoene RB, Kippes M
• Increased diffusion capacity maintains arterial saturation during exercise in the Quechua Indians of Chilean Altiplano.
  American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 1990 Schoene RB, Roach RC, Lahiri S, Peters RM, Hackett PH, Santolaya R
• The cost to the central nervous system of climbing to extremely high altitude.
  The New England journal of medicine 1989 Hornbein TF, Townes BD, Schoene RB, Sutton JR, Houston CS
• Respiratory adaptation in the highest inhabitants and highest Sherpa mountaineers.
  Respiration physiology 1989 Santolaya RB, Lahiri S, Alfaro RT, Schoene RB
• Firefighting acutely increases airway responsiveness.
  The American review of respiratory disease 1989 Sherman CB, Barnhart S, Miller MF, Segal MR, Aitken M, Schoene R, Daniell W, Rosenstock L
• Ventilatory response to rowing and cycling in elite oarswomen.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1989 Szal SE, Schoene RB
• Predicting maximum oxygen uptake in adolescents.
  American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1989 Hergenroeder AC, Schoene RB
• Recovery of airway protection compared with ventilation in humans after paralysis with curare.
  Anesthesiology 1989 Pavlin EG, Holle RH, Schoene RB
• Effect of intercostal nerve blockade on respiratory mechanics and CO2 chemosensitivity at rest and exercise.
  Anesthesiology 1989 Hecker BR, Bjurstrom R, Schoene RB
• Increased muscle efficiency and sustained benefits in an outpatient community hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation program.
  Chest 1988 Holle RH, Williams DV, Vandree JC, Starks GL, Schoene RB
• High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema: The Disguised Killer.
  The Physician and sportsmedicine 1988 Schoene RB, Bracker MD
• The lung at high altitude: bronchoalveolar lavage in acute mountain sickness and pulmonary edema.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1988 Schoene RB, Swenson ER, Pizzo CJ, Hackett PH, Roach RC, Mills WJ, Henderson WR, Martin TR
• Abnormal control of ventilation in high-altitude pulmonary edema.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1988 Hackett PH, Roach RC, Schoene RB, Harrison GL, Mills WJ
• Control of ventilation in elite synchronized swimmers.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1987 Bjurström RL, Schoene RB
• High-altitude pulmonary edema: pathophysiology and clinical review.
  Annals of emergency medicine 1987 Schoene RB
• Butorphanol improves CO2 response and ventilation after fentanyl anesthesia.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 1987 Bowdle TA, Greichen SL, Bjurstrom RL, Schoene RB
• Evaluation of breathlessness in asbestos workers. Results of exercise testing.
  The American review of respiratory disease 1987 Agostoni P, Smith DD, Schoene RB, Robertson HT, Butler J
• Prediction of successful ventilator weaning using airway occlusion pressure and hypercapnic challenge.
  Chest 1987 Montgomery AB, Holle RH, Neagley SR, Pierson DJ, Schoene RB
• Respiratory stimulants and sleep periodic breathing at high altitude. Almitrine versus acetazolamide.
  The American review of respiratory disease 1987 Hackett PH, Roach RC, Harrison GL, Schoene RB, Mills WJ
• High-altitude pulmonary edema. Characteristics of lung lavage fluid.
  JAMA 1986 Schoene RB, Hackett PH, Henderson WR, Sage EH, Chow M, Roach RC, Mills WJ, Martin TR
• Nocturnal periodic breathing at altitudes of 6,300 and 8,050 m.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1986 West JB, Peters RM, Aksnes G, Maret KH, Milledge JS, Schoene RB
• Hypnosis effect on carbon dioxide chemosensitivity.
  Chest 1986 Sato P, Sargur M, Schoene RB
• Influence of body size and gender on control of ventilation.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1986 Aitken ML, Franklin JL, Pierson DJ, Schoene RB
• Hemodilution of polycythemic mountaineers: effects on exercise and mental function.
  Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 1986 Sarnquist FH, Schoene RB, Hackett PH, Townes BD
• Marked suppression of ventilation while awake following massive ingestion of atenolol.
  Chest 1985 Montgomery AB, Stager MA, Schoene RB
• Acetazolamide and exercise in sojourners to 6,300 meters--a preliminary study.
  Medicine and science in sports and exercise 1985 Hackett PH, Schoene RB, Winslow RM, Peters RM, West JB
• Pulmonary edema at high altitude. Review, pathophysiology, and update.
  Clinics in chest medicine 1985 Schoene RB
• Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men: effects on obstructive sleep apnoea, respiratory drives, and sleep.
  Clinical endocrinology 1985 Matsumoto AM, Sandblom RE, Schoene RB, Lee KA, Giblin EC, Pierson DJ, Bremner WJ
• High altitude pulmonary edema and exercise at 4,400 meters on Mount McKinley. Effect of expiratory positive airway pressure.
  Chest 1985 Schoene RB, Roach RC, Hackett PH, Harrison G, Mills WJ
• Pulmonary function in subjects at the extremes of stature.
  The American review of respiratory disease 1985 Aitken ML, Schoene RB, Franklin J, Pierson DJ
• Effect of respiratory muscle weakness on P0.1 induced by partial curarization.
  Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 1984 Holle RH, Schoene RB, Pavlin EJ
• Plasma norepinephrine in normal young and aged men: relationship with sleep.
  Journal of gerontology 1984 Prinz PN, Vitiello MV, Smallwood RG, Schoene RB, Halter JB
• Nutrition for ultra-endurance: several hours to several months.
  Clinics in sports medicine 1984 Schoene RB
• Cardiac asystole during an hypoxic drive study in a normal subject.
  Chest 1984 Aitken ML, Schoene RB, Pierson DJ
• Relationship of hypoxic ventilatory response to exercise performance on Mount Everest.
  Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 1984 Schoene RB, Lahiri S, Hackett PH, Peters RM, Milledge JS, Pizzo CJ, Sarnquist FH, Boyer SJ, Graber DJ, Maret KH
• Pathophysiological patterns of resolution from acute oleic acid lung injury in the dog.
  Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 1984 Schoene RB, Robertson HT, Thorning DR, Springmeyer SC, Hlastala MP, Cheney FW
• Effects of topical betaxolol, timolol, and placebo on pulmonary function in asthmatic bronchitis.
  American journal of ophthalmology 1984 Schoene RB, Abuan T, Ward RL, Beasley CH
• Effect of acetazolamide on normoxic and hypoxic exercise in humans at sea level.
  Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 1983 Schoene RB, Bates PW, Larson EB, Pierson DJ
• Iron repletion decreases maximal exercise lactate concentrations in female athletes with minimal iron-deficiency anemia.
  The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 1983 Schoene RB, Escourrou P, Robertson HT, Nilson KL, Parsons JR, Smith NJ
• Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome induced by testosterone administration.
  The New England journal of medicine 1983 Sandblom RE, Matsumoto AM, Schoene RB, Lee KA, Giblin EC, Bremner WJ, Pierson DJ
• Control of ventilation in climbers to extreme altitude.
  Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 1982 Schoene RB
• Augmentation of exercise ventilation by medroxyprogesterone acetate.
  Clinical physiology (Oxford, England) 1982 Robertson HT, Schoene RB, Pierson DJ
• Acute mountain sickness and acetazolamide. Clinical efficacy and effect on ventilation.
  JAMA 1982 Larson EB, Roach RC, Schoene RB, Hornbein TF
• Obstructive apnea: sympathetic activity, respiration and sleep, a case report.
  Neurobiology of aging 1982 Vitiello MV, Giblin EC, Schoene RB, Halter JB, Prinz PN
• Constancy of functional residual capacity in the supine position during hypoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia.
  The American review of respiratory disease 1981 Schoene RB, Pierson DJ, Butler J
• Respiratory drives and exercise in menstrual cycles of athletic and nonathletic women.
  Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 1981 Schoene RB, Robertson HT, Pierson DJ, Peterson AP
• Timolol-induced bronchospasm in asthmatic bronchitis.
  JAMA 1981 Schoene RB, Martin TR, Charan NB, French CL
• High in the cold, thin air: risks and benefits.
  Journal of the American College Health Association 1980 Schoene RB
• Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on respiratory drives and occlusion pressure.
  Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire 1980 Schoene RB, Pierson DJ, Lakshminarayan S, Shrader DL, Butler J