Robert Bok, MD, PhD
Professor
Radiology
School of Medicine

He completed his residency in Internal Medicine from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis in 1992, followed by a fellowship in Hematology-Oncology from UCSF in 1996.

At the UCSF Mission Bay Surbeck Laboratory, Dr. Bok provides physician coverage for research on MRI/MRSI scans performed on patients. Dr. Bok’s research activities focuses on the development of better molecular imaging methods for detecting and monitoring prostate cancer. His primary interest is on the use of pre-clinical animal models to improve recent advances in MRSI for prostate cancer. This includes hyperpolarized carbon-13 techniques, high-resolution magic angle spectroscopy, and the use of novel nanoparticles. Dr. Bok and his colleagues are also investigating the use of hyperpolarized 13C-pryuvate in a transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer known as Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP).

Dr. Bok is a current member of the UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, the CALGB, the Association of Northern California Oncologists, the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and the World Molecular Imaging Society. He has 60 published science articles and he has written 53 peer-reviewed articles and 90 abstracts.

Expertise: Oncology

Specialty: Prostate cancer, TRAMP, nanoparticles

Professional Interests: Prostate cancer, urologic oncology, molecular imaging, hyperpolarized carbon-13 spectroscopy, high-resolution magic-angle spin spectroscopy, transgenic cancer models, extracellular proteases, metastases, molecular biomarkers

Education and Training:

• Medical School: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore - Medicine
• Internship: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis - Internal Medicine
• Residency: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis - Internal Medicine
• Fellowship: University of California, San Francisco - Hematology-Oncology
• Doctor of Philosophy: University of Illinois, Urbana - Biochemistry
• Medical License, State of California
• ABIM, Board Certification in Internal Medicine
• ABIM, Board Certification in Medical Oncology
• ACLS Certification

• Hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate MRSI to detect metabolic changes in liver in a methionine and choline-deficient diet rat model of fatty liver disease.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2023 Piraquive Agudelo J, Kim Y, Agarwal S, Sriram R, Bok R, Kurhanewicz J, Mattis AN, Maher JJ, von Morze C, Ohliger MA
• Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate CMR evaluated in an oral glucose challenge.
  Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2023 Larson PEZ, Tang S, Liu X, Sinha A, Dwork N, Sivalokanathan S, Liu J, Bok R, Ordovas KG, Slater J, Gordon JW, Abraham MR
• Probing human heart TCA cycle metabolism and response to glucose load using hyperpolarized [2-13 C]pyruvate MRS.
  NMR in biomedicine 2023 Chen HY, Gordon JW, Dwork N, Chung BT, Riselli A, Sivalokanathan S, Bok RA, Slater JB, Vigneron DB, Abraham MR, Larson PEZ
• Hyperpolarized 13 C Metabolic MRI of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
  Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2023 Gordon JW, Chen HY, Nickles T, Lee PM, Bok R, Ohliger MA, Okamoto K, Ko AH, Larson PEZ, Wang ZJ
• Dynamic T2* relaxometry of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI in the human brain and kidneys.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2023 Liu X, Cui D, Xu D, Bok R, Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW
• Current Methods for Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI Human Studies.
  ArXiv 2023 Larson PE, Bernard JM, Bankson JA, Bøgh N, Bok RA, Chen AP, Cunningham CH, Gordon J, Hövener JB, Laustsen C, Mayer D, McLean MA, Schilling F, Slater J, Vanderheyden JL, von Morze C, Vigneron DB, Xu D,…
• Clinically Translatable Hyperpolarized 13C Bicarbonate pH Imaging Method for Use in Prostate Cancer.
  ACS sensors 2023 Mu C, Liu X, Kim Y, Riselli A, Korenchan DE, Bok RA, Delos Santos R, Sriram R, Qin H, Nguyen H, Gordon JW, Slater J, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR
• Probing Human Heart TCA Cycle Metabolism and Response to Glucose Load using Hyperpolarized [2-13C]Pyruvate MR Spectroscopy.
  medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2023 Chen HY, Gordon JW, Dwork N, Chung BT, Riselli A, Sivalokanathan S, Bok RA, Slater JB, Vigneron DB, Abraham MR, Larson PEZ
• Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate MRI evaluated in an oral glucose challenge.
  medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2023 Larson PEZ, Tang S, Liu X, Sinha A, Dwork N, Sivalokanathan S, Liu J, Bok R, Ordovas KG, Slater J, Gordon JW, Abraham MR
• Investigating cerebral perfusion with high resolution hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2023 Hu JY, Vaziri S, Bøgh N, Kim Y, Autry AW, Bok RA, Li Y, Laustsen C, Xu D, Larson PEZ, Chang S, Vigneron DB, Gordon JW
• Hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate MR molecular imaging with whole brain coverage.
  NeuroImage 2023 Chung BT, Kim Y, Gordon JW, Chen HY, Autry AW, Lee PM, Hu JY, Tan CT, Suszczynski C, Chang SM, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Bok RA, Larson PEZ, Xu D, Li Y, Vigneron DB
• A metabolite specific 3D stack-of-spirals bSSFP sequence for improved bicarbonate imaging in hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate MRI.
  Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) 2023 Liu X, Tang S, Cui D, Bok RA, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Wang ZJ, Larson PEZ
• Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Metabolic Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.
  Metabolites 2022 Agudelo JP, Upadhyay D, Zhang D, Zhao H, Nolley R, Sun J, Agarwal S, Bok RA, Vigneron DB, Brooks JD, Kurhanewicz J, Peehl DM, Sriram R
• Improving multiparametric MR-transrectal ultrasound guided fusion prostate biopsies with hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate metabolic imaging: A technical development study.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2022 Chen HY, Bok RA, Cooperberg MR, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC, Wang ZJ, Ohliger MA, Gebrezgiabhier D, Carvajal L, Gordon JW, Larson PEZ, Aggarwal R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Kinetic analysis of multi-resolution hyperpolarized 13 C human brain MRI to study cerebral metabolism.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2022 Hu JY, Kim Y, Autry AW, Frost MM, Bok RA, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Xu D, Li Y, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Gordon JW
• Development of specialized magnetic resonance acquisition techniques for human hyperpolarized [13 C,15 N2 ]urea + [1-13 C]pyruvate simultaneous perfusion and metabolic imaging.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2022 Liu X, Tang S, Mu C, Qin H, Cui D, Lai YC, Riselli AM, Delos Santos R, Carvajal L, Gebrezgiabhier D, Bok RA, Chen HY, Flavell RR, Gordon JW, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ
• Whole-Abdomen Metabolic Imaging of Healthy Volunteers Using Hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI.
  Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2022 Lee PM, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Wang ZJ, Bok R, Hashoian R, Kim Y, Liu X, Nickles T, Cheung K, Alas FL, Daniel H, Larson PEZ, von Morze C, Vigneron DB, Ohliger MA
• Initial Experience on Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate MRI Multicenter Reproducibility-Are Multicenter Trials Feasible?
  Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) 2022 Bøgh N, Gordon JW, Hansen ESS, Bok RA, Blicher JU, Hu JY, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Laustsen C
• Hyperpolarized 13C MRI Data Acquisition and Analysis in Prostate and Brain.
  2022 Robert A. Bok, Daniel B. Vigneron
• Hyperpolarized 1-[13C]-Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects an Early Metabolic Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Prostate Cancer.
  European urology 2021 de Kouchkovsky I, Chen HY, Ohliger MA, Wang ZJ, Bok RA, Gordon JW, Larson PEZ, Frost M, Okamoto K, Cooperberg MR, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Aggarwal R
• Clinical translation of hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate and urea MRI for simultaneous metabolic and perfusion imaging.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2021 Qin H, Tang S, Riselli AM, Bok RA, Delos Santos R, van Criekinge M, Gordon JW, Aggarwal R, Chen R, Goddard G, Zhang CT, Chen A, Reed G, Ruscitto DM, Slater J, Sriram R, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, …
• Specialized computational methods for denoising, B1 correction, and kinetic modeling in hyperpolarized 13 C MR EPSI studies of liver tumors.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2021 Lee PM, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Zhu Z, Larson PEZ, Dwork N, Van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Ohliger MA, Wang ZJ, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Bok RA, Aggarwal R, Munster PN, Vigneron DB
• Metabolic MRI with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate separates benign oligemia from infarcting penumbra in porcine stroke.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2021 Bøgh N, Olin RB, Hansen ES, Gordon JW, Bech SK, Bertelsen LB, Sánchez-Heredia JD, Blicher JU, Østergaard L, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Bok RA, Vigneron DB, Laustsen C
• Resistance to Androgen Deprivation Leads to Altered Metabolism in Human and Murine Prostate Cancer Cell and Tumor Models.
  Metabolites 2021 Sun J, Bok RA, DeLos Santos J, Upadhyay D, DeLos Santos R, Agarwal S, Van Criekinge M, Vigneron DB, Aggarwal R, Peehl DM, Kurhanewicz J, Sriram R
• A variable resolution approach for improved acquisition of hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic MRI.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2020 Gordon JW, Autry AW, Tang S, Graham JY, Bok RA, Zhu X, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Li Y, Ohilger MA, Abraham MR, Xu D, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ
• Characterization of serial hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging in patients with glioma.
  NeuroImage. Clinical 2020 Autry AW, Gordon JW, Chen HY, LaFontaine M, Bok R, Van Criekinge M, Slater JB, Carvajal L, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Chang SM, Clarke JL, Lupo JM, Xu D, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Li Y
• A Metabolomics Study of Hypoxia Ischemia during Mouse Brain Development Using Hyperpolarized 13C.
  Developmental neuroscience 2020 Mikrogeorgiou A, Chen Y, Lee BS, Bok R, Sheldon RA, Barkovich AJ, Xu D, Ferriero DM
• Tensor image enhancement and optimal multichannel receiver combination analyses for human hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2020 Chen HY, Autry AW, Brender JR, Kishimoto S, Krishna MC, Vareth M, Bok RA, Reed GD, Carvajal L, Gordon JW, van Criekinge M, Korenchan DE, Chen AP, Xu D, Li Y, Chang SM, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, …
• Simultaneous Metabolic and Perfusion Imaging Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRI Can Evaluate Early and Dose-Dependent Response to Radiation Therapy in a Prostate Cancer Mouse Model.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2020 Qin H, Zhang V, Bok RA, Santos RD, Cunha JA, Hsu IC, Santos Bs JD, Lee JE, Sukumar S, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J
• Elevated Tumor Lactate and Efflux in High-grade Prostate Cancer demonstrated by Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Prostate Tissue Slice Cultures.
  Cancers 2020 Sriram R, Van Criekinge M, DeLos Santos J, Ahamed F, Qin H, Nolley R, Santos RD, Tabatabai ZL, Bok RA, Keshari KR, Vigneron DB, Peehl DM, Kurhanewicz J
• A metabolite-specific 3D stack-of-spiral bSSFP sequence for improved lactate imaging in hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate studies on a 3T clinical scanner.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2020 Tang S, Bok R, Qin H, Reed G, VanCriekinge M, Delos Santos R, Overall W, Santos J, Gordon J, Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ
• Hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRI detects real-time metabolic flux in prostate cancer metastases to bone and liver: a clinical feasibility study.
  Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases 2019 Chen HY, Aggarwal R, Bok RA, Ohliger MA, Zhu Z, Lee P, Gordon JW, van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Slater JB, Larson PEZ, Small EJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Hyperpolarized in vivo pH imaging reveals grade-dependent acidification in prostate cancer.
  Oncotarget 2019 Korenchan DE, Bok R, Sriram R, Liu K, Santos RD, Qin H, Lobach I, Korn N, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J, Flavell RR
• First hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate MR studies of human brain metabolism.
  Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) 2019 Chung BT, Chen HY, Gordon J, Mammoli D, Sriram R, Autry AW, Le Page LM, Chaumeil MM, Shin P, Slater J, Tan CT, Suszczynski C, Chang S, Li Y, Bok RA, Ronen SM, Larson PEZ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Amino Acid-Derived Sensors for Specific Zn2+ Detection Using Hyperpolarized 13 C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
  Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 2019 Wang S, Korenchan DE, Perez PM, Taglang C, Hayes TR, Sriram R, Bok R, Hong AS, Wu Y, Li H, Wang Z, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR
• Kinetic Modeling of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate Metabolism in the Human Brain.
  IEEE transactions on medical imaging 2019 Mammoli D, Gordon J, Autry A, Larson PEZ, Li Y, Chen HY, Chung B, Shin P, Van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Slater JB, Bok R, Crane J, Xu D, Chang S, Vigneron DB
• Using bidirectional chemical exchange for improved hyperpolarized [13 C]bicarbonate pH imaging.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2019 Korenchan DE, Gordon JW, Subramaniam S, Sriram R, Baligand C, VanCriekinge M, Bok R, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Larson PEZ, Kurhanewicz J, Flavell RR
• Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: State of the Art and Future Directions.
  Radiology 2019 Wang ZJ, Ohliger MA, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Slater J, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Hess CP, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• The Role of Lactate Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastases Revealed by Dual-Agent Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI.
  Cancers 2019 Bok R, Lee J, Sriram R, Keshari K, Sukumar S, Daneshmandi S, Korenchan DE, Flavell RR, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Seth P
• Pulse sequence considerations for quantification of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion kPL in hyperpolarized 13 C imaging.
  NMR in biomedicine 2019 Chen HY, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Cao P, von Morze C, van Criekinge M, Milshteyn E, Carvajal L, Hurd RE, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ
• Translation of Carbon-13 EPI for hyperpolarized MR molecular imaging of prostate and brain cancer patients.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2018 Gordon JW, Chen HY, Autry A, Park I, Van Criekinge M, Mammoli D, Milshteyn E, Bok R, Xu D, Li Y, Aggarwal R, Chang S, Slater JB, Ferrone M, Nelson S, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB
• Dynamic diffusion-weighted hyperpolarized 13 C imaging based on a slice-selective double spin echo sequence for measurements of cellular transport.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2018 Zhu X, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ
• Investigation of analysis methods for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate metabolic MRI in prostate cancer patients.
  NMR in biomedicine 2018 Larson PEZ, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Korn N, Maidens J, Arcak M, Tang S, Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Mammoli D, Bok R, Aggarwal R, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• A regional bolus tracking and real-time B1 calibration method for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2018 Tang S, Milshteyn E, Reed G, Gordon J, Bok R, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ
• Non-Invasive Assessment of Lactate Production and Compartmentalization in Renal Cell Carcinomas Using Hyperpolarized 13C Pyruvate MRI.
  Cancers 2018 Sriram R, Gordon J, Baligand C, Ahamed F, Delos Santos J, Qin H, Bok RA, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Wang ZJ
• Assessing high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of prostate cancer with hyperpolarized 13 C dual-agent imaging of metabolism and perfusion.
  NMR in biomedicine 2018 Lee JE, Diederich CJ, Bok R, Sriram R, Santos RD, Noworolski SM, Salgaonkar VA, Adams MS, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Spatio-Temporally Constrained Reconstruction for Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI Using Kinetic Models.
  IEEE transactions on medical imaging 2018 Maidens J, Gordon JW, Chen HY, Park I, Van Criekinge M, Milshteyn E, Bok R, Aggarwal R, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Arcak M, Larson PEZ
• Hyperpolarized C-13 pyuvate metabolic MR imaging of solid tumor liver metastases as a biomarker of PI3K/mTOR pathway activity.
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018 Rahul Raj Aggarwal, Zihan Zhu, Michael Ohliger, Jeremy Gordon, Robert A. Bok, Jim Slater, John V. Kurhanewicz, Emily Boyd, Susan Calabrese, Christopher E. Sotto, Daniel B. Vigneron, Pamela N. Munster
• Late-stage deuteration of 13C-enriched substrates for T1 prolongation in hyperpolarized 13C MRI.
  Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 2018 Taglang C, Korenchan DE, von Morze C, Yu J, Najac C, Wang S, Blecha JE, Subramaniam S, Bok R, VanBrocklin HF, Vigneron DB, Ronen SM, Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR
• Technique development of 3D dynamic CS-EPSI for hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate MR molecular imaging of human prostate cancer.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2018 Chen HY, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Ferrone M, van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Cao P, Pauly JM, Kerr AB, Park I, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Munster PN, Aggarwal R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Development of methods and feasibility of using hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging data for evaluating brain metabolism in patient studies.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2018 Park I, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Carvajal L, Chen HY, Bok R, Van Criekinge M, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Chang S, Nelson SJ
• Cancer recurrence monitoring using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolic imaging in murine breast cancer model.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2017 Shin PJ, Zhu Z, Camarda R, Bok RA, Zhou AY, Kurhanewicz J, Goga A, Vigneron DB
• Assessing Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness with Hyperpolarized Dual-Agent 3D Dynamic Imaging of Metabolism and Perfusion.
  Cancer research 2017 Chen HY, Larson PEZ, Bok RA, von Morze C, Sriram R, Delos Santos R, Delos Santos J, Gordon JW, Bahrami N, Ferrone M, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Hyperpolarized 13C Spectroscopic Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in a Rodent Model of Steatohepatitis.
  Scientific reports 2017 Wilson DM, Di Gialleonardo V, Wang ZJ, Carroll V, Von Morze C, Taylor A, Sai V, VanCriekinge M, Bok R, Ohliger MA, Keshari KR
• Diffusion-weighted imaging of hyperpolarized [13 C]urea in mouse liver.
  Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2017 Marco-Rius I, Gordon JW, Mattis AN, Bok R, Delos Santos R, Sukumar S, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Ohliger MA
• Development of high resolution 3D hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR molecular imaging techniques.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2017 Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Reed GD, Shang H, Shin PJ, Zhu Z, Chen HY, Bok R, Goga A, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PE, Vigneron DB
• Monitoring acute metabolic changes in the liver and kidneys induced by fructose and glucose using hyperpolarized [2-13 C]dihydroxyacetone.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2016 Marco-Rius I, von Morze C, Sriram R, Cao P, Chang GY, Milshteyn E, Bok RA, Ohliger MA, Pearce D, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PE, Vigneron DB, Merritt M
• Spectrally selective three-dimensional dynamic balanced steady-state free precession for hyperpolarized C-13 metabolic imaging with spectrally selective radiofrequency pulses.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2016 Shang H, Sukumar S, von Morze C, Bok RA, Marco-Rius I, Kerr A, Reed GD, Milshteyn E, Ohliger MA, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB
• Combining hyperpolarized 13 C MRI with a liver-specific gadolinium contrast agent for selective assessment of hepatocyte metabolism.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2016 Ohliger MA, von Morze C, Marco-Rius I, Gordon J, Larson PEZ, Bok R, Chen HY, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron D
• Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry.
  Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) 2016 Reed GD, von Morze C, Verkman AS, Koelsch BL, Chaumeil MM, Lustig M, Ronen SM, Bok RA, Sands JM, Larson PE, Wang ZJ, Larsen JH, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Hyperpolarized [13C]ketobutyrate, a molecular analog of pyruvate with modified specificity for LDH isoforms.
  Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2016 Cornelius von Morze, Robert A. Bok, Michael A. Ohliger, Zihan Zhu, Daniel B. Vigneron, John Kurhanewicz
• Detection of localized changes in the metabolism of hyperpolarized gluconeogenic precursors 13 C-lactate and 13 C-pyruvate in kidney and liver.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2016 von Morze C, Chang GY, Larson PE, Shang H, Allu PK, Bok RA, Crane JC, Olson MP, Tan CT, Marco-Rius I, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Pearce D, Vigneron DB
• Detecting Metabolism of Gluconeogenic Precursors Lactate and Pyruvate in Kidney & Liver with Hyperpolarized 13 C MRI.
  The FASEB Journal 2016 Cornelius von Morze, Gene-Yuan Chang, Peder E Larson, Hong Shang, Prasanna KR Allu, Robert A Bok, Jason C Crane, Marram P Olson, Chou T Tan, Irene Marco-Rius, Sarah J Nelson, John Kurhanewicz, David …
• Pyruvate to Lactate Metabolic Changes during Neurodevelopment Measured Dynamically Using Hyperpolarized 13C Imaging in Juvenile Murine Brain.
  Developmental neuroscience 2015 Chen Y, Kim H, Bok R, Sukumar S, Mu X, Sheldon RA, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM, Xu D
• Application of Good's buffers to pH imaging using hyperpolarized (13)C MRI.
  Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 2015 Flavell RR, von Morze C, Blecha JE, Korenchan DE, Van Criekinge M, Sriram R, Gordon JW, Chen HY, Subramaniam S, Bok RA, Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Larson PE, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM
• Hyperpolarized [(13)C]ketobutyrate, a molecular analog of pyruvate with modified specificity for LDH isoforms.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2015 von Morze C, Bok RA, Ohliger MA, Zhu Z, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Abstract B37: Patient-derived tissue culture model systems of renal cell carcinoma for development of clinically translatable metabolic biomarkers.
  Preclinical Studies 2014 Renuka Sriram, Kayvan R. Keshari, Mark Van Criekinge, John Kurhanewicz, David M. Wilson, Donna M. Peehl, Robert Bok, Wang J. Zhen
• Rapid in vivo apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of hyperpolarized (13) C metabolites.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2014 Koelsch BL, Reed GD, Keshari KR, Chaumeil MM, Bok R, Ronen SM, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ
• Noninvasive in vivo imaging of diabetes-induced renal oxidative stress and response to therapy using hyperpolarized 13C dehydroascorbate magnetic resonance.
  Diabetes 2014 Keshari KR, Wilson DM, Sai V, Bok R, Jen KY, Larson P, Van Criekinge M, Kurhanewicz J, Wang ZJ
• A 2DRF pulse sequence for bolus tracking in hyperpolarized 13C imaging.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2014 Tang S, Jiang W, Chen HY, Bok R, Vigneron DB, Larson PE
• Simultaneous multiagent hyperpolarized (13)C perfusion imaging.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2013 von Morze C, Bok RA, Reed GD, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR metabolic imaging of nonhuman primate brain.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2013 Park I, Larson PE, Tropp JL, Carvajal L, Reed G, Bok R, Robb F, Bringas J, Kells A, Pivirotto P, Bankiewicz K, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ
• High resolution (13)C MRI with hyperpolarized urea: in vivo T(2) mapping and (15)N labeling effects.
  IEEE transactions on medical imaging 2013 Reed GD, von Morze C, Bok R, Koelsch BL, Van Criekinge M, Smith KJ, Larson PE, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Metabolic imaging of patients with prostate cancer using hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate.
  Science translational medicine 2013 Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Larson PE, Harzstark AL, Ferrone M, van Criekinge M, Chang JW, Bok R, Park I, Reed G, Carvajal L, Small EJ, Munster P, Weinberg VK, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Chen AP…
• WE-C-116-02: High Resolution C-13 MRI with Hyperpolarized [C-13,N-15] Urea.
  Medical Physics 2013 G Reed, C von Morze, R Bok, B Koelsch, K Smith, M van Criekinge, P Larson, J Kurhanewicz, D Vigneron
• Quantitative measurement of cancer metabolism using stimulated echo hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRS.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2013 Swisher CL, Larson PE, Kruttwig K, Kerr AB, Hu S, Bok RA, Goga A, Pauly JM, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Combined parallel and partial fourier MR reconstruction for accelerated 8-channel hyperpolarized carbon-13 in vivo magnetic resonance Spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).
  Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2013 Ohliger MA, Larson PE, Bok RA, Shin P, Hu S, Tropp J, Robb F, Carvajal L, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Perfusion and diffusion sensitive 13C stimulated-echo MRSI for metabolic imaging of cancer.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2012 Larson PE, Hurd RE, Kerr AB, Pauly JM, Bok RA, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Rapid sequential injections of hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate in vivo using a sub-kelvin, multi-sample DNP polarizer.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2012 Hu S, Larson PE, Vancriekinge M, Leach AM, Park I, Leon C, Zhou J, Shin PJ, Reed G, Keselman P, von Morze C, Yoshihara H, Bok RA, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Frequency-specific SSFP for hyperpolarized ¹³C metabolic imaging at 14.1 T.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2012 von Morze C, Sukumar S, Reed GD, Larson PE, Bok RA, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Evaluation of heterogeneous metabolic profile in an orthotopic human glioblastoma xenograft model using compressed sensing hyperpolarized 3D 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2012 Park I, Hu S, Bok R, Ozawa T, Ito M, Mukherjee J, Phillips JJ, James CD, Pieper RO, Ronen SM, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ
• Use of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [2-13C]pyruvate to probe the effects of the anticancer agent dichloroacetate on mitochondrial metabolism in vivo in the normal rat.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2012 Hu S, Yoshihara HA, Bok R, Zhou J, Zhu M, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• A first-in-human phase I imaging study using hyperpolarized 1 c-13 pyruvate (h-Py) in patients (pts) with localized prostate cancer (l-PCa).
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012 Andrea Lynne Harzstark, Vivian K. Weinberg, Krystyna Grycz, Ralph E. Hurd, Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen, Jonathan Murray, Albert Chen, Marcus Ferrone, Ilwoo Park, Galen Reed, Pamela N. Munster, Eric …
• Monitoring urea transport in rat kidney in vivo using hyperpolarized ¹³C magnetic resonance imaging.
  American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2012 von Morze C, Bok RA, Sands JM, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• A method for simultaneous echo planar imaging of hyperpolarized ¹³C pyruvate and ¹³C lactate.
  Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) 2012 Reed GD, Larson PE, Morze Cv, Bok R, Lustig M, Kerr AB, Pauly JM, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Human prostate cancer ZIP1/zinc/citrate genetic/metabolic relationship in the TRAMP prostate cancer animal model.
  Cancer biology & therapy 2011 Costello LC, Franklin RB, Zou J, Feng P, Bok R, Swanson MG, Kurhanewicz J
• Investigating tumor perfusion and metabolism using multiple hyperpolarized (13)C compounds: HP001, pyruvate and urea.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2011 von Morze C, Larson PE, Hu S, Yoshihara HA, Bok RA, Goga A, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Vigneron DB
• Hyperpolarized 13C dehydroascorbate as an endogenous redox sensor for in vivo metabolic imaging.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011 Keshari KR, Kurhanewicz J, Bok R, Larson PE, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM
• In vivo measurement of normal rat intracellular pyruvate and lactate levels after injection of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]alanine.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2011 Hu S, Zhu M, Yoshihara HA, Wilson DM, Keshari KR, Shin P, Reed G, von Morze C, Bok R, Larson PE, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• 13C-pyruvate imaging reveals alterations in glycolysis that precede c-Myc-induced tumor formation and regression.
  Cell metabolism 2011 Hu S, Balakrishnan A, Bok RA, Anderton B, Larson PE, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Goga A
• Detection of early response to temozolomide treatment in brain tumors using hyperpolarized 13C MR metabolic imaging.
  Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2011 Park I, Bok R, Ozawa T, Phillips JJ, James CD, Vigneron DB, Ronen SM, Nelson SJ
• SU-E-J-130: Hyperpolarized 13C Biomarkers of Response to Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy.
  Medical Physics 2011 V Zhang, J Cunha, R Bok, I Hsu, K Scott, S Sukumar, J Kurhanewicz, J Pouliot
• Multi-band frequency encoding method for metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate.
  Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) 2011 von Morze C, Reed G, Shin P, Larson PE, Hu S, Bok R, Vigneron DB
• Imaging of blood flow using hyperpolarized [(13)C]urea in preclinical cancer models.
  Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2011 von Morze C, Larson PE, Hu S, Keshari K, Wilson DM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Goga A, Bok R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Multi-channel metabolic imaging, with SENSE reconstruction, of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] pyruvate in a live rat at 3.0 tesla on a clinical MR scanner.
  Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) 2010 Tropp J, Lupo JM, Chen A, Calderon P, McCune D, Grafendorfer T, Ozturk-Isik E, Larson PE, Hu S, Yen YF, Robb F, Bok R, Schulte R, Xu D, Hurd R, Vigneron D, Nelson S
• Metabolic imaging in the anesthetized rat brain using hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate and [1-13C] ethyl pyruvate.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2010 Hurd RE, Yen YF, Mayer D, Chen A, Wilson D, Kohler S, Bok R, Vigneron D, Kurhanewicz J, Tropp J, Spielman D, Pfefferbaum A
• Multi-compound polarization by DNP allows simultaneous assessment of multiple enzymatic activities in vivo.
  Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) 2010 Wilson DM, Keshari KR, Larson PE, Chen AP, Hu S, Van Criekinge M, Bok R, Nelson SJ, Macdonald JM, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Investigation of tumor hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate dynamics using time-resolved multiband RF excitation echo-planar MRSI.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2010 Larson PE, Bok R, Kerr AB, Lustig M, Hu S, Chen AP, Nelson SJ, Pauly JM, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• 3D compressed sensing for highly accelerated hyperpolarized (13)C MRSI with in vivo applications to transgenic mouse models of cancer.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2010 Hu S, Lustig M, Balakrishnan A, Larson PE, Bok R, Kurhanewicz J, Nelson SJ, Goga A, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB
• Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance metabolic imaging: application to brain tumors.
  Neuro-oncology 2010 Park I, Larson PE, Zierhut ML, Hu S, Bok R, Ozawa T, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Vandenberg SR, James CD, Nelson SJ
• Hyperpolarized [2-13C]-fructose: a hemiketal DNP substrate for in vivo metabolic imaging.
  Journal of the American Chemical Society 2009 Keshari KR, Wilson DM, Chen AP, Bok R, Larson PE, Hu S, Van Criekinge M, Macdonald JM, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Kinetic modeling of hyperpolarized 13C1-pyruvate metabolism in normal rats and TRAMP mice.
  Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) 2009 Zierhut ML, Yen YF, Chen AP, Bok R, Albers MJ, Zhang V, Tropp J, Park I, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Hurd RE, Nelson SJ
• Analysis of hyperpolarized dynamic 13C lactate imaging in a transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2009 Lupo JM, Chen AP, Zierhut ML, Bok RA, Cunningham CH, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ
• Imaging considerations for in vivo 13C metabolic mapping using hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2009 Yen YF, Kohler SJ, Chen AP, Tropp J, Bok R, Wolber J, Albers MJ, Gram KA, Zierhut ML, Park I, Zhang V, Hu S, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Dirven HA, Hurd RE
• In vivo carbon-13 dynamic MRS and MRSI of normal and fasted rat liver with hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate.
  Molecular imaging and biology 2009 Hu S, Chen AP, Zierhut ML, Bok R, Yen YF, Schroeder MA, Hurd RE, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Hyperpolarized 13C lactate, pyruvate, and alanine: noninvasive biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and grading.
  Cancer research 2008 Albers MJ, Bok R, Chen AP, Cunningham CH, Zierhut ML, Zhang VY, Kohler SJ, Tropp J, Hurd RE, Yen YF, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate as a substrate for in vivo metabolic 13C MRSI studies.
  Magnetic resonance imaging 2008 Chen AP, Kurhanewicz J, Bok R, Xu D, Joun D, Zhang V, Nelson SJ, Hurd RE, Vigneron DB
• Current and potential applications of clinical 13C MR spectroscopy.
  Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 2008 Kurhanewicz J, Bok R, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB
• Treatment of prostate cancer: therapeutic potential of targeted immunotherapy with APC8015.
  Therapeutics and clinical risk management 2008 Bok RA
• DNP-Hyperpolarized C Magnetic Resonance Metabolic Imaging for Cancer Applications.
  Applied magnetic resonance 2008 Nelson SJ, Vigneron D, Kurhanewicz J, Chen A, Bok R, Hurd R
• Hyperpolarized C-13 spectroscopic imaging of the TRAMP mouse at 3T-initial experience.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2007 Chen AP, Albers MJ, Cunningham CH, Kohler SJ, Yen YF, Hurd RE, Tropp J, Bok R, Pauly JM, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Paramagnetic Silica-Coated Nanocrystals as an Advanced MRI Contrast Agent.
  The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2007 Daniele Gerion, Julie Herberg, Robert Bok, Erica Gjersing, Erick Ramon, Robert Maxwell, John Kurhanewicz, Thomas F. Budinger, Joe W. Gray, Marc A. Shuman, Fanqing Frank Chen
• In vivo 13 carbon metabolic imaging at 3T with hyperpolarized 13C-1-pyruvate.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2007 Kohler SJ, Yen Y, Wolber J, Chen AP, Albers MJ, Bok R, Zhang V, Tropp J, Nelson S, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Hurd RE
• Maximal COX-2 immunostaining and clinical response to celecoxib and interferon alpha therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
  Cancer 2006 Rini BI, Weinberg V, Dunlap S, Elchinoff A, Yu N, Bok R, Simko J, Small EJ
• Prospective, multicenter, randomized phase II trial of the herbal supplement, PC-SPES, and diethylstilbestrol in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer.
  Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2004 Oh WK, Kantoff PW, Weinberg V, Jones G, Rini BI, Derynck MK, Bok R, Smith MR, Bubley GJ, Rosen RT, DiPaola RS, Small EJ
• A phase II trial of interferon-alpha and celecoxib in metastatic renal carcinoma: clinical and anti-angiogenic effects.
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2004 B. Rini, V. Weinberg, B. Cadman, A. Elchinoff, N. Yu, R. Bok, E. Small
• A phase II trial of interferon-alpha and celecoxib in metastatic renal carcinoma: clinical and anti-angiogenic effects.
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2004 B. Rini, V. Weinberg, B. Cadman, A. Elchinoff, N. Yu, R. Bok, E. Small
• Time to disease progression to evaluate a novel protein kinase C inhibitor, UCN-01, in renal cell carcinoma.
  Cancer 2004 Rini BI, Weinberg V, Shaw V, Scott J, Bok R, Park JW, Small EJ
• Steroid hormones, polypeptide growth factors, hormone refractory prostate cancer, and the neuroendocrine phenotype.
  Journal of cellular biochemistry 2004 Evangelou AI, Winter SF, Huss WJ, Bok RA, Greenberg NM
• Patterns of protease production during prostate cancer progression: proteomic evidence for cascades in a transgenic model.
  Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases 2003 Bok RA, Hansell EJ, Nguyen TP, Greenberg NM, McKerrow JH, Shuman MA
• Prostate-specific antigen kinetics as a measure of the biologic effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with serologic progression of prostate cancer.
  Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2003 Rini BI, Weinberg V, Bok R, Small EJ
• Low Dose Ketoconazole With Replacement Doses of Hydrocortisone in Patients With Progressive Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer.
  The Journal of Urology 2002 KATHERINE A. HARRIS, VIVIAN WEINBERG, ROBERT A. BOK, MIKA KAKEFUDA, ERIC J. SMALL
• Low dose ketoconazole with replacement doses of hydrocortisone in patients with progressive androgen independent prostate cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2002 Harris KA, Weinberg V, Bok RA, Kakefuda M, Small EJ
• Urokinase plasminogen activator amino-terminal peptides inhibit development of the rat ventral prostate.
  Differentiation; research in biological diversity 2001 Elfman F, Bok R, Conn M, Shuman M, Cunha G
• The UCSF advanced prostate cancer program.
  Urologic Oncology Seminars and Original Investigations 2001 Eric J Small, Katherine A Harris, Mark W Frohlich, Robert Bok
• Docetaxel, estramustine, plus trastuzumab in patients with metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer.
  Seminars in Oncology 2001 Eric J. Small, Robert Bok, David M. Reese, Daniel Sudilovsky, Mark Frohlich
• Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor urine levels as predictors of outcome in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients: a cancer and leukemia group B study.
  Cancer research 2001 Bok RA, Halabi S, Fei DT, Rodriquez CR, Hayes DF, Vogelzang NJ, Kantoff P, Shuman MA, Small EJ
• Prospective trial of the herbal supplement PC-SPES in patients with progressive prostate cancer.
  Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2000 Small EJ, Frohlich MW, Bok R, Shinohara K, Grossfeld G, Rozenblat Z, Kelly WK, Corry M, Reese DM
• The treatment of advanced prostate cancer with ketoconazole: safety issues.
  Drug safety 1999 Bok RA, Small EJ
• Simultaneous antiandrogen withdrawal and treatment with ketoconazole and hydrocortisone in patients with advanced prostate carcinoma.
  Cancer 1997 Small EJ, Baron A, Bok R
• Angiogenesis inhibition by minocycline.
  Cancer research 1991 Tamargo RJ, Bok RA, Brem H