Raymond Swanson, MD
Professor
Neurology
School of Medicine

His studies in the area of stroke aim to identify ways to mitigate the dendritic and axonal ischemic injury, and in particular injury caused by neuronal NADPH oxidase and cofilin-actin rod formation. Work pertaining to Parkinson's disease aims to identify interactions between neuronal redox state and alpha-synuclein aggregation. This effort also involves pre-clinical and clinical studies of thiol repletion agents as a disease-modifying therapeutic approach. The Swanson laboratory is in the 1700 Owens St. building on the Mission Bay campus.

• Blast-induced axonal degeneration in the rat cerebellum in the absence of head movement.
  Scientific reports 2022 Bishop R, Won SJ, Irvine KA, Basu J, Rome ES, Swanson RA
• Glucose availability limits microglial nitric oxide production.
  Journal of neurochemistry 2021 Castillo E, Mocanu E, Uruk G, Swanson RA
• α-synuclein aggregates induce c-Abl activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss by a feed-forward redox stress mechanism.
  Progress in neurobiology 2021 Ghosh S, Won SJ, Wang J, Fong R, Butler NJM, Moss A, Wong C, Pan J, Sanchez J, Huynh A, Wu L, Manfredsson FP, Swanson RA
• A tandem activity-based sensing and labeling strategy enables imaging of transcellular hydrogen peroxide signaling.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2021 Iwashita H, Castillo E, Messina MS, Swanson RA, Chang CJ
• Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions.
  Nature neuroscience 2021 Escartin C, Galea E, Lakatos A, O'Callaghan JP, Petzold GC, Serrano-Pozo A, Steinhäuser C, Volterra A, Carmignoto G, Agarwal A, Allen NJ, Araque A, Barbeito L, Barzilai A, Bergles DE, Bonvento G, Butt…
• Superoxide and Non-ionotropic Signaling in Neuronal Excitotoxicity.
  Frontiers in neuroscience 2020 Wang J, Swanson RA
• A thermodynamic function of glycogen in brain and muscle.
  Progress in neurobiology 2020 Swanson RA
• Cofilin-actin rod formation in experimental stroke is attenuated by therapeutic hypothermia and overexpression of the inducible 70 kD inducible heat shock protein (Hsp70).
  Brain circulation 2019 Kurisu K, You J, Zheng Z, Won SJ, Swanson RA, Yenari MA
• Methodological considerations for studies of brain glycogen.
  Journal of neuroscience research 2019 Wu L, Wong CP, Swanson RA
• Technical and Comparative Aspects of Brain Glycogen Metabolism.
  Advances in neurobiology 2019 Wu L, Butler NJM, Swanson RA
• Excitotoxic superoxide production and neuronal death require both ionotropic and non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling.
  Scientific reports 2018 Minnella AM, Zhao JX, Jiang X, Jakobsen E, Lu F, Wu L, El-Benna J, Gray JA, Swanson RA
• Cofilin-actin rod formation in neuronal processes after brain ischemia.
  PloS one 2018 Won SJ, Minnella AM, Wu L, Eun CH, Rome E, Herson PS, Shaw AE, Bamburg JR, Swanson RA
• Fibrin-targeting immunotherapy protects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
  Nature immunology 2018 Ryu JK, Rafalski VA, Meyer-Franke A, Adams RA, Poda SB, Rios Coronado PE, Pedersen LØ, Menon V, Baeten KM, Sikorski SL, Bedard C, Hanspers K, Bardehle S, Mendiola AS, Davalos D, Machado MR, Chan JP, …
• Low-frequency cortical activity is a neuromodulatory target that tracks recovery after stroke.
  Nature medicine 2018 Ramanathan DS, Guo L, Gulati T, Davidson G, Hishinuma AK, Won SJ, Knight RT, Chang EF, Swanson RA, Ganguly K
• Editorial.
  Glia 2018 Barros F, Brown AM, Swanson RA
• Effects of Veliparib on Microglial Activation and Functional Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat and Pig.
  Journal of neurotrauma 2018 Irvine KA, Bishop RK, Won SJ, Xu J, Hamel KA, Coppes V, Singh P, Sondag A, Rome E, Basu J, Cittolin-Santos GF, Panter SS, Swanson RA
• Glia in brain energy metabolism: A perspective.
  Glia 2018 Barros LF, Brown A, Swanson RA
• Guidelines on experimental methods to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases.
  Cell death and differentiation 2017 Connolly NMC, Theurey P, Adam-Vizi V, Bazan NG, Bernardi P, Bolaños JP, Culmsee C, Dawson VL, Deshmukh M, Duchen MR, Düssmann H, Fiskum G, Galindo MF, Hardingham GE, Hardwick JM, Jekabsons MB, Jonas …
• Bioenergetic regulation of microglia.
  Glia 2017 Ghosh S, Castillo E, Frias ES, Swanson RA
• Bioenergetic state regulates innate inflammatory responses through the transcriptional co-repressor CtBP.
  Nature communications 2017 Shen Y, Kapfhamer D, Minnella AM, Kim JE, Won SJ, Chen Y, Huang Y, Low LH, Massa SM, Swanson RA
• A data-driven approach for evaluating multi-modal therapy in traumatic brain injury.
  Scientific reports 2017 Haefeli J, Ferguson AR, Bingham D, Orr A, Won SJ, Lam TI, Shi J, Hawley S, Liu J, Swanson RA, Massa SM
• Preclinical modelling of militarily relevant traumatic brain injuries: Challenges and recommendations for future directions.
  Brain injury 2017 Cernak I, Stein DG, Elder GA, Ahlers S, Curley K, DePalma RG, Duda J, Ikonomovic M, Iverson GL, Kobeissy F, Koliatsos VE, Leggieri MJ, Pacifico AM, Smith DH, Swanson R, Thompson FJ, Tortella FC
• Akt1-Inhibitor of DNA binding2 is essential for growth cone formation and axon growth and promotes central nervous system axon regeneration.
  eLife 2016 Ko HR, Kwon IS, Hwang I, Jin EJ, Shin JH, Brennan-Minnella AM, Swanson R, Cho SW, Lee KH, Ahn JY
• Microglial activation induced by the alarmin S100B is regulated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.
  Glia 2016 Xu J, Wang H, Won SJ, Basu J, Kapfhamer D, Swanson RA
• Erratum to: Neuronal Glutathione Content and Antioxidant Capacity can be Normalized In Situ by N-acetyl Cysteine Concentrations Attained in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.
  Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 2016 Reyes RC, Cittolin-Santos GF, Kim JE, Won SJ, Brennan-Minnella AM, Katz M, Glass GA, Swanson RA
• Neuronal Glutathione Content and Antioxidant Capacity can be Normalized In Situ by N-acetyl Cysteine Concentrations Attained in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.
  Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 2016 Reyes RC, Cittolin-Santos GF, Kim JE, Won SJ, Brennan-Minnella AM, Katz M, Glass GA, Swanson RA
• NF-κB transcriptional activation by TNFα requires phospholipase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.
  Journal of neuroinflammation 2015 Vuong B, Hogan-Cann AD, Alano CC, Stevenson M, Chan WY, Anderson CM, Swanson RA, Kauppinen TM
• Targeted Lipid Profiling Discovers Plasma Biomarkers of Acute Brain Injury.
  PloS one 2015 Sheth SA, Iavarone AT, Liebeskind DS, Won SJ, Swanson RA
• Robust neuroprosthetic control from the stroke perilesional cortex.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2015 Gulati T, Won SJ, Ramanathan DS, Wong CC, Bodepudi A, Swanson RA, Ganguly K
• Assessment at the single-cell level identifies neuronal glutathione depletion as both a cause and effect of ischemia-reperfusion oxidative stress.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2015 Won SJ, Kim JE, Cittolin-Santos GF, Swanson RA
• Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of N-acetylcysteine after oral administration in Parkinson's disease.
  Parkinsonism & related disorders 2015 Katz M, Won SJ, Park Y, Orr A, Jones DP, Swanson RA, Glass GA
• Tat-NR2B9c prevents excitotoxic neuronal superoxide production.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2015 Chen Y, Brennan-Minnella AM, Sheth S, El-Benna J, Swanson RA
• NADPH oxidase-2: linking glucose, acidosis, and excitotoxicity in stroke.
  Antioxidants & redox signaling 2015 Brennan-Minnella AM, Won SJ, Swanson RA
• NR2B phosphorylation at tyrosine 1472 contributes to brain injury in a rodent model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
  Stroke 2014 Knox R, Brennan-Minnella AM, Lu F, Yang D, Nakazawa T, Yamamoto T, Swanson RA, Ferriero DM, Jiang X
• Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are scavenged by Cockayne syndrome B protein in human fibroblasts without nuclear DNA damage.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014 Cleaver JE, Brennan-Minnella AM, Swanson RA, Fong KW, Chen J, Chou KM, Chen YW, Revet I, Bezrookove V
• Brain glycogen--vestigial no more. Foreword.
  Metabolic brain disease 2014 Swanson RA
• Opposing effects of glucose on stroke and reperfusion injury: acidosis, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism.
  Stroke 2014 Robbins NM, Swanson RA
• A systematic survey of lipids across mouse tissues.
  American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2014 Jain M, Ngoy S, Sheth SA, Swanson RA, Rhee EP, Liao R, Clish CB, Mootha VK, Nilsson R
• Glucose, acid, and aspartate: Friends and foes of the axon.
  Annals of neurology 2014 Swanson RA
• Intracellular pH reduction prevents excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal death by inhibiting NADPH oxidase.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2013 Lam TI, Brennan-Minnella AM, Won SJ, Shen Y, Hefner C, Shi Y, Sun D, Swanson RA
• Sirtuins in neurodegenerative diseases: an update on potential mechanisms.
  Frontiers in aging neuroscience 2013 Min SW, Sohn PD, Cho SH, Swanson RA, Gan L
• Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: a treatable cause of cell death in stroke.
  Translational stroke research 2013 Baxter P, Chen Y, Xu Y, Swanson RA
• 10th International Conference on Brain Energy Metabolism. Preface.
  Journal of neuroscience research 2013 Swanson R, Schouboe A, McKenna MC
• Beneficial effects of minocycline and botulinum toxin-induced constraint physical therapy following experimental traumatic brain injury.
  Neurorehabilitation and neural repair 2013 Lam TI, Bingham D, Chang TJ, Lee CC, Shi J, Wang D, Massa S, Swanson RA, Liu J
• Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-induced NAD(+) depletion promotes nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activity by preventing p65 de-acetylation.
  Biochimica et biophysica acta 2013 Kauppinen TM, Gan L, Swanson RA
• Activation of neuronal NMDA receptors induces superoxide-mediated oxidative stress in neighboring neurons and astrocytes.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012 Reyes RC, Brennan AM, Shen Y, Baldwin Y, Swanson RA
• Recurrent/moderate hypoglycemia induces hippocampal dendritic injury, microglial activation, and cognitive impairment in diabetic rats.
  Journal of neuroinflammation 2012 Won SJ, Yoo BH, Kauppinen TM, Choi BY, Kim JH, Jang BG, Lee MW, Sohn M, Liu J, Swanson RA, Suh SW
• Prevention of traumatic brain injury-induced neuron death by intranasal delivery of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
  Journal of neurotrauma 2012 Won SJ, Choi BY, Yoo BH, Sohn M, Ying W, Swanson RA, Suh SW
• One cell's poison is another cell's cure.
  Nature neuroscience 2012 Swanson RA
• Microglial activation induced by brain trauma is suppressed by post-injury treatment with a PARP inhibitor.
  Journal of neuroinflammation 2012 d'Avila JC, Lam TI, Bingham D, Shi J, Won SJ, Kauppinen TM, Massa S, Liu J, Swanson RA
• Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 modulates microglial responses to amyloid β.
  Journal of neuroinflammation 2011 Kauppinen TM, Suh SW, Higashi Y, Berman AE, Escartin C, Won SJ, Wang C, Cho SH, Gan L, Swanson RA
• Hyperglycemia promotes tissue plasminogen activator-induced hemorrhage by Increasing superoxide production.
  Annals of neurology 2011 Won SJ, Tang XN, Suh SW, Yenari MA, Swanson RA
• Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 facilitates neuronal glutathione synthesis by upregulating neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter 3 expression.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2011 Escartin C, Won SJ, Malgorn C, Auregan G, Berman AE, Chen PC, Déglon N, Johnson JA, Suh SW, Swanson RA
• N-acetylcysteine prevents loss of dopaminergic neurons in the EAAC1-/- mouse.
  Annals of neurology 2010 Berman AE, Chan WY, Brennan AM, Reyes RC, Adler BL, Suh SW, Kauppinen TM, Edling Y, Swanson RA
• EAAC1 gene deletion alters zinc homeostasis and exacerbates neuronal injury after transient cerebral ischemia.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2010 Won SJ, Yoo BH, Brennan AM, Shin BS, Kauppinen TM, Berman AE, Swanson RA, Suh SW
• Microglial activation in stroke: therapeutic targets.
  Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 2010 Yenari MA, Kauppinen TM, Swanson RA
• Digitally quantifying cerebral hemorrhage using Photoshop and Image J.
  Journal of neuroscience methods 2010 Tang XN, Berman AE, Swanson RA, Yenari MA
• Astrocytic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation leads to bioenergetic depletion and inhibition of glutamate uptake capacity.
  Glia 2010 Tang KS, Suh SW, Alano CC, Shao Z, Hunt WT, Swanson RA, Anderson CM
• NAD+ depletion is necessary and sufficient for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated neuronal death.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2010 Alano CC, Garnier P, Ying W, Higashi Y, Kauppinen TM, Swanson RA
• Pyruvate protects against experimental stroke via an anti-inflammatory mechanism.
  Neurobiology of disease 2009 Wang Q, van Hoecke M, Tang XN, Lee H, Zheng Z, Swanson RA, Yenari MA
• NADPH oxidase is the primary source of superoxide induced by NMDA receptor activation.
  Nature neuroscience 2009 Brennan AM, Suh SW, Won SJ, Narasimhan P, Kauppinen TM, Lee H, Edling Y, Chan PH, Swanson RA
• Astrocyte cultures exhibit P2X7 receptor channel opening in the absence of exogenous ligands.
  Glia 2009 Nagasawa K, Escartin C, Swanson RA
• Selective down-regulation of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.
  PloS one 2009 Burns DM, Ying W, Kauppinen TM, Zhu K, Swanson RA
• Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase suppresses inflammation and promotes recovery after ischemic injury.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2009 Kauppinen TM, Suh SW, Berman AE, Hamby AM, Swanson RA
• Glucose and NADPH oxidase drive neuronal superoxide formation in stroke.
  Annals of neurology 2008 Suh SW, Shin BS, Ma H, Van Hoecke M, Brennan AM, Yenari MA, Swanson RA
• Sequential release of nitric oxide, zinc, and superoxide in hypoglycemic neuronal death.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2008 Suh SW, Hamby AM, Gum ET, Shin BS, Won SJ, Sheline CT, Chan PH, Swanson RA
• Zinc triggers microglial activation.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2008 Kauppinen TM, Higashi Y, Suh SW, Escartin C, Nagasawa K, Swanson RA
• Differences among cell types in NAD(+) compartmentalization: a comparison of neurons, astrocytes, and cardiac myocytes.
  Journal of neuroscience research 2007 Alano CC, Tran A, Tao R, Ying W, Karliner JS, Swanson RA
• Hypoglycemia, brain energetics, and hypoglycemic neuronal death.
  Glia 2007 Suh SW, Hamby AM, Swanson RA
• Inhibition of mitochondrial function in astrocytes: implications for neuroprotection.
  Journal of neurochemistry 2007 Voloboueva LA, Suh SW, Swanson RA, Giffard RG
• Zinc inhibits astrocyte glutamate uptake by activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.
  Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 2007 Suh SW, Aoyama K, Alano CC, Anderson CM, Hamby AM, Swanson RA
• Hypoglycemic neuronal death is triggered by glucose reperfusion and activation of neuronal NADPH oxidase.
  The Journal of clinical investigation 2007 Suh SW, Gum ET, Hamby AM, Chan PH, Swanson RA
• Hyaluronan-CD44 interaction stimulates Rac1 signaling and PKN gamma kinase activation leading to cytoskeleton function and cell migration in astrocytes.
  Journal of neurochemistry 2007 Bourguignon LY, Gilad E, Peyrollier K, Brightman A, Swanson RA
• Use of a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor to suppress inflammation and neuronal death after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
  Stroke 2007 Hamby AM, Suh SW, Kauppinen TM, Swanson RA
• Astrocyte glycogen sustains neuronal activity during hypoglycemia: studies with the glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor CP-316,819 ([R-R*,S*]-5-chloro-N-[2-hydroxy-3-(methoxymethylamino)-3-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide).
  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 2007 Suh SW, Bergher JP, Anderson CM, Treadway JL, Fosgerau K, Swanson RA
• INTRODUCTION: Immune mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
  Clinical neuroscience research 2006 Yenari MA, Swanson RA
• Novel modulators of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
  Trends in pharmacological sciences 2006 Szabo C, Pacher P, Swanson RA
• Intracerebral hematoma: beyond the mass lesion.
  Stroke 2006 Swanson RA
• Minocycline inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 at nanomolar concentrations.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 Alano CC, Kauppinen TM, Valls AV, Swanson RA
• Pyruvate improves recovery after PARP-1-associated energy failure induced by oxidative stress in neonatal rat cerebrocortical slices.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2006 Zeng J, Yang GY, Ying W, Kelly M, Hirai K, James TL, Swanson RA, Litt L
• Players in the PARP-1 cell-death pathway: JNK1 joins the cast.
  Trends in biochemical sciences 2006 Alano CC, Swanson RA
• Direct phosphorylation and regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 Kauppinen TM, Chan WY, Suh SW, Wiggins AK, Huang EJ, Swanson RA
• Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 hyperactivation and impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I function in reperfused mouse hearts.
  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2006 Zhou HZ, Swanson RA, Simonis U, Ma X, Cecchini G, Gray MO
• Neuronal glutathione deficiency and age-dependent neurodegeneration in the EAAC1 deficient mouse.
  Nature neuroscience 2005 Aoyama K, Suh SW, Hamby AM, Liu J, Chan WY, Chen Y, Swanson RA
• NADH can enter into astrocytes and block poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated astrocyte death.
  Neuroreport 2005 Zhu K, Swanson RA, Ying W
• Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation in a primate model of multiple sclerosis.
  Journal of neuroscience research 2005 Kauppinen TM, Suh SW, Genain CP, Swanson RA
• Ischemia-induced programmed cell death in astrocytes.
  Glia 2005 Giffard RG, Swanson RA
• Pyruvate administered after severe hypoglycemia reduces neuronal death and cognitive impairment.
  Diabetes 2005 Suh SW, Aoyama K, Matsumori Y, Liu J, Swanson RA
• Acidosis causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase-12-mediated astrocyte death.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2005 Aoyama K, Burns DM, Suh SW, Garnier P, Matsumori Y, Shiina H, Swanson RA
• Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 promotes microglial activation, proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated neuron death.
  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2005 Kauppinen TM, Swanson RA
• Hypoglycemia induces transient neurogenesis and subsequent progenitor cell loss in the rat hippocampus.
  Diabetes 2005 Suh SW, Fan Y, Hong SM, Liu Z, Matsumori Y, Weinstein PR, Swanson RA, Liu J
• NAD+ as a metabolic link between DNA damage and cell death.
  Journal of neuroscience research 2005 Ying W, Alano CC, Garnier P, Swanson RA
• Hypoxia induces caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation without neuronal death in gerbil brains.
  The European journal of neuroscience 2004 Garnier P, Prigent-Tessier A, Van Hoecke M, Bertrand N, Demougeot C, Sordet O, Swanson RA, Marie C, Beley A
• Using 31P NMR spectroscopy at 14.1 Tesla to investigate PARP-1 associated energy failure and metabolic rescue in cerebrocortical slices.
  Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 2004 Zeng J, Hirai K, Yang GY, Ying W, Swanson RA, Kelly M, Mayer M, James TL, Litt L
• Zinc release contributes to hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death.
  Neurobiology of disease 2004 Suh SW, Garnier P, Aoyama K, Chen Y, Swanson RA
• Astrocyte influences on ischemic neuronal death.
  Current molecular medicine 2004 Swanson RA, Ying W, Kauppinen TM
• Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated cell death in astrocytes requires NAD+ depletion and mitochondrial permeability transition.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2004 Alano CC, Ying W, Swanson RA
• Alternative, nonapoptotic programmed cell death: mediation by arrestin 2, ERK2, and Nur77.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2004 Castro-Obregón S, Rao RV, del Rio G, Chen SF, Poksay KS, Rabizadeh S, Vesce S, Zhang XK, Swanson RA, Bredesen DE
• Human serum albumin and its N-terminal tetrapeptide (DAHK) block oxidant-induced neuronal death.
  Stroke 2004 Gum ET, Swanson RA, Alano C, Liu J, Hong S, Weinstein PR, Panter SS
• ATP-induced ATP release from astrocytes.
  Journal of neurochemistry 2004 Anderson CM, Bergher JP, Swanson RA
• Hypoglycemic neuronal death and cognitive impairment are prevented by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors administered after hypoglycemia.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2003 Suh SW, Aoyama K, Chen Y, Garnier P, Matsumori Y, Gum E, Liu J, Swanson RA
• Overexpression of rat heat shock protein 70 reduces neuronal injury after transient focal ischemia, transient global ischemia, or kainic acid-induced seizures.
  Neurosurgery 2003 Tsuchiya D, Hong S, Matsumori Y, Kayama T, Swanson RA, Dillman WH, Liu J, Panter SS, Weinstein PR
• Expression and activity of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in cultured astrocytes, neurons, and C6 glioma cells.
  Brain research. Molecular brain research 2003 Sevigny MB, Silva JM, Lan WC, Alano CC, Swanson RA
• NAD+ repletion prevents PARP-1-induced glycolytic blockade and cell death in cultured mouse astrocytes.
  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2003 Ying W, Garnier P, Swanson RA
• Ischemic preconditioning by caspase cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2003 Garnier P, Ying W, Swanson RA
• Cerebral ischemia and infarction from atheroemboli <100 microm in Size.
  Stroke 2003 Rapp JH, Pan XM, Yu B, Swanson RA, Higashida RT, Simpson P, Saloner D
• Overexpression of rat heat shock protein 70 is associated with reduction of early mitochondrial cytochrome C release and subsequent DNA fragmentation after permanent focal ischemia.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2003 Tsuchiya D, Hong S, Matsumori Y, Shiina H, Kayama T, Swanson RA, Dillman WH, Liu J, Panter SS, Weinstein PR
• Extracellular conversion of guanine-based purines to guanosine specifically enhances astrocyte glutamate uptake.
  Brain research 2003 Frizzo ME, Antunes Soares FA, Dall'Onder LP, Lara DR, Swanson RA, Souza DO
• The glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3 mediate cysteine uptake in cortical neuron cultures.
  Journal of neurochemistry 2003 Chen Y, Swanson RA
• P2X7 receptor-mediated release of excitatory amino acids from astrocytes.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2003 Duan S, Anderson CM, Keung EC, Chen Y, Chen Y, Swanson RA
• Astrocytes and brain injury.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2003 Chen Y, Swanson RA
• Heat shock - induced Hsp70 expression in murine astrocytes does not require poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.
  Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 2003 Sevigny M, Garnier P, Kauppinen T, Swanson R
• Tricarboxylic acid cycle substrates prevent PARP-mediated death of neurons and astrocytes.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2002 Ying W, Chen Y, Alano CC, Swanson RA