Raymond Cho, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Dermatology
School of Medicine

Dr. Cho's laboratory first reported NOTCH1 as the most commonly mutated gene in squamous cell cancers of the skin, SUFU loss-of-function as a basis for hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell cancer syndrome, and recurrent mutation of the ZNF750 tumor suppressor in sebaceous carcinoma. His group also jointly identified APOBEC mutagenesis as the driver for cancer formation in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, an inherited blistering disease.

Receiving his MD and his PhD in Genetics from the Stanford University School of Medicine, Dr. Cho led the earliest demonstrations of transcriptional profiling, genetic screens, and SNV-based mapping on a whole-genome scale. He subsequently co-founded Ingenuity Systems, a privately funded genetic content and software concern wholly acquired by Qiagen N.V.

Dr. Cho has been recognized with the American Academy of Dermatology Young Investigator Award, a LEO Foundation grant, and the Samsung Global Research Outreach Award. He was the Abby S. & Howard P. Milstein Research Scholar in Melanoma and received a Career Development Award from the Dermatology Foundation. He lectures at UCSF and at the Structure and Function of the Skin series in the American Academy of Dermatology's Annual Meeting. In his leisure time, Dr. Cho is refining the first sazerac that hails its own rideshare.

• Optimizing Single T-Cell Transcriptomic Discrimination of Atopic Dermatitis Versus Psoriasis Vulgaris.
  The Journal of investigative dermatology 2023 Taylor MA, El Kurdi A, Hailer A, Wang S, Yuan M, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhutani T, North JP, Cho RJ, Cheng JB
• Preventing generalised pustular psoriasis.
  Lancet (London, England) 2023 Jo SJ, Cho RJ
• Isolation of human cutaneous immune cells for single-cell RNA sequencing.
  STAR protocols 2023 Hailer AA, Wu D, El Kurdi A, Yuan M, Cho RJ, Cheng JB
• Transcriptomics aids differentiation of IL-23 overactivity in a patient with atypical skin and joint disease.
  Lancet (London, England) 2023 Hakimi M, North JP, Taylor MA, Hailer A, Liu Y, Kim E, Morehead K, Shinkai K, Bhutani T, Cheng JB, Cho RJ
• A single-cell transcriptional gradient in human cutaneous memory T cells restricts Th17/Tc17 identity.
  Cell reports. Medicine 2022 Cook CP, Taylor M, Liu Y, Schmidt R, Sedgewick A, Kim E, Hailer A, North JP, Harirchian P, Wang H, Kashem SW, Shou Y, McCalmont TC, Benz SC, Choi J, Purdom E, Marson A, Ramos SBV, Cheng JB, Cho RJ
• Defining Patient-Level Molecular Heterogeneity in Psoriasis Vulgaris Based on Single-Cell Transcriptomics.
  Frontiers in immunology 2022 Liu Y, Wang H, Cook C, Taylor MA, North JP, Hailer A, Shou Y, Sadik A, Kim E, Purdom E, Cheng JB, Cho RJ
• Spectral clustering of single-cell multi-omics data on multilayer graphs.
  Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 2022 Zhang S, Leistico JR, Cho RJ, Cheng JB, Song JS
• Classification of human chronic inflammatory skin disease based on single-cell immune profiling.
  Science immunology 2022 Liu Y, Wang H, Taylor M, Cook C, Martínez-Berdeja A, North JP, Harirchian P, Hailer AA, Zhao Z, Ghadially R, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Grekin RC, Mauro TM, Kim E, Choi J, Purdom E, Cho RJ, Cheng JB
• Elevated APOBEC mutational signatures implicate chronic injury in etiology of an aggressive head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.
  Journal of medical case reports 2021 Patel J, den Breems NY, Tuluc M, Johnson J, Curry JM, South AP, Cho RJ
• Evolution of late-stage metastatic melanoma is dominated by aneuploidy and whole genome doubling.
  Nature communications 2021 Vergara IA, Mintoff CP, Sandhu S, McIntosh L, Young RJ, Wong SQ, Colebatch A, Cameron DL, Kwon JL, Wolfe R, Peng A, Ellul J, Dou X, Fedele C, Boyle S, Arnau GM, Raleigh J, Hatzimihalis A, Szeto P, …
• CERKL is upregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and maintains cellular sphingolipids and resistance to oxidative stress.
  The British journal of dermatology 2021 Meyer JM, Lee E, Celli A, Park K, Cho R, Lambert W, Pitchford M, Gordon M, Tsai K, Cleaver J, Arron ST, Mauro TM
• Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Divergent, Globally Patterned Immune Responses in Murine Skin Inflammation.
  iScience 2020 Liu Y, Cook C, Sedgewick AJ, Zhang S, Fassett MS, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Harirchian P, Kashem SW, Hanakawa S, Leistico JR, North JP, Taylor MA, Zhang W, Man MQ, Charruyer A, Beliakova-Bethell N, Benz SC…
• Cells from discarded dressings differentiate chronic from acute wounds in patients with Epidermolysis Bullosa.
  Scientific reports 2020 Fuentes I, Guttmann-Gruber C, Tockner B, Diem A, Klausegger A, Cofré-Araneda G, Figuera O, Hidalgo Y, Morandé P, Palisson F, Rebolledo-Jaramillo B, Yubero MJ, Cho RJ, Rishel HI, Marinkovich MP, Teng …
• Pervasive chromosomal instability and karyotype order in tumour evolution.
  Nature 2020 Watkins TBK, Lim EL, Petkovic M, Elizalde S, Birkbak NJ, Wilson GA, Moore DA, Grönroos E, Rowan A, Dewhurst SM, Demeulemeester J, Dentro SC, Horswell S, Au L, Haase K, Escudero M, Rosenthal R, Bakir …
• Riemannian geometry and statistical modeling correct for batch effects and control false discoveries in single-cell surface protein count data.
  Physical review. E 2020 Zhang S, Leistico JR, Cook C, Liu Y, Cho RJ, Cheng JB, Song JS
• Multiregion exome sequencing of ovarian immature teratomas reveals 2N near-diploid genomes, paucity of somatic mutations, and extensive allelic imbalances shared across mature, immature, and disseminated components.
  Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 2020 Heskett MB, Sanborn JZ, Boniface C, Goode B, Chapman J, Garg K, Rabban JT, Zaloudek C, Benz SC, Spellman PT, Solomon DA, Cho RJ
• Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Spatial and Temporal Turnover of Keratinocyte Differentiation Regulators.
  Frontiers in genetics 2019 Finnegan A, Cho RJ, Luu A, Harirchian P, Lee J, Cheng JB, Song JS
• Loss of ZNF750 in ocular and cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma.
  Journal of cutaneous pathology 2019 North JP, Solomon DA, Golovato J, Bloomer M, Benz SC, Cho RJ
• Genetic Mutations Underlying Phenotypic Plasticity in Basosquamous Carcinoma.
  The Journal of investigative dermatology 2019 Chiang A, Tan CZ, Kuonen F, Hodgkinson LM, Chiang F, Cho RJ, South AP, Tang JY, Chang ALS, Rieger KE, Oro AE, Sarin KY
• A20 and ABIN1 Suppression of a Keratinocyte Inflammatory Program with a Shared Single-Cell Expression Signature in Diverse Human Rashes.
  The Journal of investigative dermatology 2018 Harirchian P, Lee J, Hilz S, Sedgewick AJ, Perez White BE, Kesling MJ, Mully T, Golovato J, Gray M, Mauro TM, Purdom E, Kim EA, Sbitany H, Bhutani T, Vaske CJ, Benz SC, Cho RJ, Cheng JB
• Transcriptional Programming of Normal and Inflamed Human Epidermis at Single-Cell Resolution.
  Cell reports 2018 Cheng JB, Sedgewick AJ, Finnegan AI, Harirchian P, Lee J, Kwon S, Fassett MS, Golovato J, Gray M, Ghadially R, Liao W, Perez White BE, Mauro TM, Mully T, Kim EA, Sbitany H, Neuhaus IM, Grekin RC, Yu …
• APOBEC mutation drives early-onset squamous cell carcinomas in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.
  Science translational medicine 2018 Cho RJ, Alexandrov LB, den Breems NY, Atanasova VS, Farshchian M, Purdom E, Nguyen TN, Coarfa C, Rajapakshe K, Prisco M, Sahu J, Tassone P, Greenawalt EJ, Collisson EA, Wu W, Yao H, Su X, Guttmann-…
• Cell of origin and mutation pattern define three clinically distinct classes of sebaceous carcinoma.
  Nature communications 2018 North JP, Golovato J, Vaske CJ, Sanborn JZ, Nguyen A, Wu W, Goode B, Stevers M, McMullen K, Perez White BE, Collisson EA, Bloomer M, Solomon DA, Benz SC, Cho RJ
• Emergence and Evolution of Mutational Hotspots in Sun-Damaged Skin.
  The Journal of investigative dermatology 2018 Cheng JB, Cho RJ
• Questioning the Clinical Utility of Exome Sequencing in Developing Countries.
  Pediatric dermatology 2016 Fong K, Bailey CV, Tuttle P, Cunningham B, McGrath JA, Cho RJ
• Election 2016: Voting on Variants.
  Cancer discovery 2016 Cho RJ, Collisson EA
• Multiple Hereditary Infundibulocystic Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Associated With a Germline SUFU Mutation.
  JAMA dermatology 2016 Schulman JM, Oh DH, Sanborn JZ, Pincus L, McCalmont TH, Cho RJ
• Exome sequencing of desmoplastic melanoma identifies recurrent NFKBIE promoter mutations and diverse activating mutations in the MAPK pathway.
  Nature genetics 2015 Shain AH, Garrido M, Botton T, Talevich E, Yeh I, Sanborn JZ, Chung J, Wang NJ, Kakavand H, Mann GJ, Thompson JF, Wiesner T, Roy R, Olshen AB, Gagnon A, Gray JW, Huh N, Hur JS, Busam KJ, Scolyer RA, …
• Phylogenetic analyses of melanoma reveal complex patterns of metastatic dissemination.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 Sanborn JZ, Chung J, Purdom E, Wang NJ, Kakavand H, Wilmott JS, Butler T, Thompson JF, Mann GJ, Haydu LE, Saw RP, Busam KJ, Lo RS, Collisson EA, Hur JS, Spellman PT, Cleaver JE, Gray JW, Huh N, Murali…
• Genomic Classification of Cutaneous Melanoma.
  Cell 2015 Cancer Genome Atlas Network
• Transcription restores DNA repair to heterochromatin, determining regional mutation rates in cancer genomes.
  Cell reports 2014 Zheng CL, Wang NJ, Chung J, Moslehi H, Sanborn JZ, Hur JS, Collisson EA, Vemula SS, Naujokas A, Chiotti KE, Cheng JB, Fassihi H, Blumberg AJ, Bailey CV, Fudem GM, Mihm FG, Cunningham BB, Neuhaus IM, …
• No evidence for integrated viral DNA in the genome sequence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
  The Journal of investigative dermatology 2014 Dimon MT, Wood HM, Rabbitts PH, Liao W, Cho RJ, Arron ST
• Methods and challenges in timing chromosomal abnormalities within cancer samples.
  Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 2013 Purdom E, Ho C, Grasso CS, Quist MJ, Cho RJ, Spellman P
• Gauging NOTCH1 Activation in Cancer Using Immunohistochemistry.
  PloS one 2013 Kluk MJ, Ashworth T, Wang H, Knoechel B, Mason EF, Morgan EA, Dorfman D, Pinkus G, Weigert O, Hornick JL, Chirieac LR, Hirsch M, Oh DJ, South AP, Leigh IM, Pourreyron C, Cassidy AJ, Deangelo DJ, …
• Modeling precision treatment of breast cancer.
  Genome biology 2013 Daemen A, Griffith OL, Heiser LM, Wang NJ, Enache OM, Sanborn Z, Pepin F, Durinck S, Korkola JE, Griffith M, Hur JS, Huh N, Chung J, Cope L, Fackler MJ, Umbricht C, Sukumar S, Seth P, Sukhatme VP, …
• Next-generation diagnostics for genodermatoses.
  The Journal of investigative dermatology 2012 Cho RJ, Simpson MA, McGrath JA
• Next-Generation Diagnostics for Genodermatoses.
  The Journal of investigative dermatology 2012 Cho RJ, Simpson MA, McGrath JA
• Histology, anatomy, or geography? Exome sequencing begins to delineate somatic mutational differences in esophageal cancer.
  Cancer discovery 2012 Collisson EA, Cho RJ
• What are we learning from the cancer genome?
  Nature reviews. Clinical oncology 2012 Collisson EA, Cho RJ, Gray JW
• Use of an expanded immunohistochemical panel to distinguish cutaneous Hodgkin lymphoma from histopathologic imitators.
  Journal of cutaneous pathology 2012 Cho RJ, McCalmont TH, Ai WZ, Fox LP, Treseler P, Pincus LB
• The double-edged sword of Notch signaling in cancer.
  Seminars in cell & developmental biology 2012 South AP, Cho RJ, Aster JC
• Genetics and epigenetics of the skin meet deep sequence.
  The Journal of investigative dermatology 2012 Cheng JB, Cho RJ
• Loss-of-function mutations in Notch receptors in cutaneous and lung squamous cell carcinoma.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011 Wang NJ, Sanborn Z, Arnett KL, Bayston LJ, Liao W, Proby CM, Leigh IM, Collisson EA, Gordon PB, Jakkula L, Pennypacker S, Zou Y, Sharma M, North JP, Vemula SS, Mauro TM, Neuhaus IM, Leboit PE, Hur JS,…
• Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma.
  Nature 2011 Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network
• Temporal dissection of tumorigenesis in primary cancers.
  Cancer discovery 2011 Durinck S, Ho C, Wang NJ, Liao W, Jakkula LR, Collisson EA, Pons J, Chan SW, Lam ET, Chu C, Park K, Hong SW, Hur JS, Huh N, Neuhaus IM, Yu SS, Grekin RC, Mauro TM, Cleaver JE, Kwok PY, LeBoit PE, Getz…
• Rethinking the prosaicism of mosaicism; is it in us?
  Experimental dermatology 2010 Cho RJ
• Marked papillary dermal edema--an unreliable discriminator between polymorphous light eruption and lupus erythematosus or dermatomyositis.
  Journal of cutaneous pathology 2010 Pincus LB, LeBoit PE, Goddard DS, Cho RJ, McCalmont TH
• A network-based analysis of systemic inflammation in humans.
  Nature 2005 Calvano SE, Xiao W, Richards DR, Felciano RM, Baker HV, Cho RJ, Chen RO, Brownstein BH, Cobb JP, Tschoeke SK, Miller-Graziano C, Moldawer LL, Mindrinos MN, Davis RW, Tompkins RG, Lowry SF, Inflamm and…
• Computational knowledge integration in biopharmaceutical research.
  Briefings in bioinformatics 2003 Ficenec D, Osborne M, Pradines J, Richards D, Felciano R, Cho RJ, Chen RO, Liefeld T, Owen J, Ruttenberg A, Reich C, Horvath J, Clark T
• Transcriptional regulation and function during the human cell cycle.
  Nature genetics 2001 Cho RJ, Huang M, Campbell MJ, Dong H, Steinmetz L, Sapinoso L, Hampton G, Elledge SJ, Davis RW, Lockhart DJ
• A simple procedure for the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms facilitates map-based cloning in Arabidopsis.
  Plant physiology 2000 Drenkard E, Richter BG, Rozen S, Stutius LM, Angell NA, Mindrinos M, Cho RJ, Oefner PJ, Davis RW, Ausubel FM
• Transcription, genomes, function.
  Trends in genetics : TIG 2000 Cho RJ, Campbell MJ
• Deriving meaning from genomic information.
  Biotechnology & genetic engineering reviews 2000 Cho RJ
• Genome-wide mapping with biallelic markers in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  Nature genetics 1999 Cho RJ, Mindrinos M, Richards DR, Sapolsky RJ, Anderson M, Drenkard E, Dewdney J, Reuber TL, Stammers M, Federspiel N, Theologis A, Yang WH, Hubbell E, Au M, Chung EY, Lashkari D, Lemieux B, Dean C, …
• Candidate regulatory sequence elements for cell cycle-dependent transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Genome research 1999 Wolfsberg TG, Gabrielian AE, Campbell MJ, Cho RJ, Spouge JL, Landsman D
• Systematic determination of genetic network architecture.
  Nature genetics 1999 Tavazoie S, Hughes JD, Campbell MJ, Cho RJ, Church GM
• A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the mitotic cell cycle.
  Molecular cell 1998 Cho RJ, Campbell MJ, Winzeler EA, Steinmetz L, Conway A, Wodicka L, Wolfsberg TG, Gabrielian AE, Landsman D, Lockhart DJ, Davis RW
• Parallel analysis of genetic selections using whole genome oligonucleotide arrays.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 Cho RJ, Fromont-Racine M, Wodicka L, Feierbach B, Stearns T, Legrain P, Lockhart DJ, Davis RW