Philip Bickler, MD, PhD
Professor
Anesthesia
School of Medicine

Education & Training

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• Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training University of California 2019
• Residency School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco

Websites

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• Clinical Profile at UCSF Medical Center (ucsfhealth.org)

Grants and Projects

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• Intracellular signaling in anesthetic and hypoxic preconditioning of neurons, NIH, 1994-2012
• Brain Ion Channel Regulation in Anoxia and Anesthesia, NIH, 1994-2000

Publications (134)

Top publication keywords:
NeuronsNeuroprotective AgentsCalciumHippocampusAnesthetics, InhalationHypoxiaCarboxyhemoglobinIsofluraneHypoxia, BrainOximetryAnesthesiologyOxygenSnake BitesIschemic PreconditioningReceptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

• The performance of 11 fingertip pulse oximeters during hypoxemia in healthy human participants with varied, quantified skin pigment.
  EBioMedicine 2024 Leeb G, Auchus I, Law T, Bickler P, Feiner J, Hashi S, Monk E, Igaga E, Bernstein M, Chou YC, Hughes C, Schornack D, Lester J, Moore K, Okunlola O, Fernandez J, Shmuylovich L, Lipnick M
• Low Perfusion and Missed Diagnosis of Hypoxemia by Pulse Oximetry in Darkly Pigmented Skin: A Prospective Study.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2023 Gudelunas MK, Lipnick M, Hendrickson C, Vanderburg S, Okunlola B, Auchus I, Feiner JR, Bickler PE
• Searching for molecular hypoxia sensors among oxygen-dependent enzymes.
  eLife 2023 Li L, Shen S, Bickler P, Jacobson MP, Wu LF, Altschuler SJ
• Mismatched opioid prescription in patients discharged after neurological surgeries: a retrospective cohort study.
  Pain 2023 Campbell LJ, Mummaneni PV, Letchuman V, Langnas E, Agarwal N, Guan LS, Croci R, Vargas E, Reisner L, Bickler P, Chou D, Chang E, Guan Z
• Quantifying pulse oximeter accuracy during hypoxemia and severe anemia using an in vitro circulation system.
  Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 2023 Gylys R, Feiner J, Pologe J, Delianides T, Sutter S, Bickler P, Lipnick MS

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• Neuromuscular Weakness and Paralysis Produced by Snakebite Envenoming: Mechanisms and Proposed Standards for Clinical Assessment.
  Toxins 2023 Bickler PE, Abouyannis M, Bhalla A, Lewin MR
• Bilateral Superficial Trigeminal Nerve Blocks are not More Effective than a Placebo in Abolishing Post-operative Headache Pain in Pituitary Transsphenoidal Neurosurgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Doubleblinded Clinical Trial.
  Reviews on recent clinical trials 2023 Srejic U, Litonius E, Gandhi S, Talke P, Maties O, Siegmueller C, Magsaysay A, Hasen D, Kunwar S, Seth R, Gibson L, Bickler P
• Pulse Oximeter Bias and Inequities in Retrospective Studies--Now What?
  Respiratory care 2022 Moore KL, Gudelunas K, Lipnick MS, Bickler PE, Hendrickson CM
• Varespladib in the Treatment of Snakebite Envenoming: Development History and Preclinical Evidence Supporting Advancement to Clinical Trials in Patients Bitten by Venomous Snakes.
  Toxins 2022 Lewin MR, Carter RW, Matteo IA, Samuel SP, Rao S, Fry BG, Bickler PE
• A novel approach for the detection of cognitive impairment and delirium risk in older patients undergoing spine surgery.
  Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2022 Barreto Chang OL, Whitlock EL, Arias AD, Tsoy E, Allen IE, Hellman J, Bickler PE, Miller B, Possin KL
• The Pulse Oximeter Is Amazing, but Not Perfect.
  Anesthesiology 2022 Bickler P, Tremper KK
• Neuroanatomical Basis for the Orexinergic Modulation of Anesthesia Arousal and Pain Control.
  Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2022 Xiang X, Chen Y, Li KX, Fang J, Bickler PE, Guan Z, Zhou W
• Pulse Oximeter Performance, Racial Inequity, and the Work Ahead.
  Respiratory care 2021 Okunlola OE, Lipnick MS, Batchelder PB, Bernstein M, Feiner JR, Bickler PE
• John W. Severinghaus, M.D., 1922 to 2021.
  Anesthesiology 2021 Bickler PE, Hornbein T, Saidman LJ
• Association between tissue oxygenation and myocardial injury in patients undergoing major spine surgery: a prospective cohort study.
  BMJ open 2021 Bernholm KF, Meyhoff CS, Bickler P
• Extremes of age are associated with differences in the expression of selected pattern recognition receptor genes and ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2: implications for the epidemiology of COVID-19 disease.
  BMC medical genomics 2021 Bickler SW, Cauvi DM, Fisch KM, Prieto JM, Sykes AG, Thangarajah H, Lazar DA, Ignacio RC, Gerstmann DR, Ryan AF, Bickler PE, De Maio A
• Accuracy of Samsung Smartphone Integrated Pulse Oximetry Meets Full FDA Clearance Standards for Clinical Use.
  medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2021 Browne SH, Bernstein M, Bickler PE
• "Silent" Presentation of Hypoxemia and Cardiorespiratory Compensation in COVID-19.
  Anesthesiology 2021 Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Lipnick MS, McKleroy W
• Amplification of Snake Venom Toxicity by Endogenous Signaling Pathways.
  Toxins 2020 Bickler PE
• Intraoperative physiological ranges associated with improved outcomes after major spine surgery: an observational study.
  BMJ open 2019 Li G, Lin L, Xiao J, Rosenbaum S, Bickler P, Meng L
• Delayed LY333013 (Oral) and LY315920 (Intravenous) Reverse Severe Neurotoxicity and Rescue Juvenile Pigs from Lethal Doses of Micrurus fulvius (Eastern Coral Snake) Venom.
  Toxins 2018 Lewin MR, Gilliam LL, Gilliam J, Samuel SP, Bulfone TC, Bickler PE, Gutiérrez JM
• Activation of orexin system facilitates anesthesia emergence and pain control.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2018 Zhou W, Cheung K, Kyu S, Wang L, Guan Z, Kurien PA, Bickler PE, Jan LY
• Delayed Oral LY333013 Rescues Mice from Highly Neurotoxic, Lethal Doses of Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) Venom.
  Toxins 2018 Lewin MR, Gutiérrez JM, Samuel SP, Herrera M, Bryan-Quirós W, Lomonte B, Bickler PE, Bulfone TC, Williams DJ
• Response to Burtscher re: "Increased Cytokines at High Altitude: Lack of Effect of Ibuprofen on Acute Mountain Sickness, Physiological Variables, or Cytokine Levels".
  High altitude medicine & biology 2018 Bickler P, Feiner JR, Lundeberg J
• Developing Small Molecule Therapeutics for the Initial and Adjunctive Treatment of Snakebite.
  Journal of tropical medicine 2018 Bulfone TC, Samuel SP, Bickler PE, Lewin MR
• Increased Cytokines at High Altitude: Lack of Effect of Ibuprofen on Acute Mountain Sickness, Physiological Variables, or Cytokine Levels.
  High altitude medicine & biology 2018 Lundeberg J, Feiner JR, Schober A, Sall JW, Eilers H, Bickler PE
• Four Types of Pulse Oximeters Accurately Detect Hypoxia during Low Perfusion and Motion.
  Anesthesiology 2018 Louie A, Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Rhodes L, Bernstein M, Lucero J
• Comparison of Transcranial Doppler and Ultrasound-Tagged Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Relative Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow in Human Subjects.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2018 Lipnick MS, Cahill EA, Feiner JR, Bickler PE
• Effects of Changes in Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Partial Pressures on Cerebral Oximeter Performance.
  Anesthesiology 2018 Schober A, Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Rollins MD
• Reduction in N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor-mediated Cell Death in Hippocampal Neurons by Glucose Reduction Preconditioning.
  Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology 2017 Yang N, Gabatto P, Bickler PE
• Little Black Boxes: Noncardiac Implantable Electronic Medical Devices and Their Anesthetic and Surgical Implications.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2017 Srejic U, Larson P, Bickler PE
• Interaction of Isoflurane, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and β-Amyloid on Long-term Potentiation in Rat Hippocampal Slices.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2017 Zhou R, Bickler P
• Effects of Acute, Profound Hypoxia on Healthy Humans: Implications for Safety of Tests Evaluating Pulse Oximetry or Tissue Oximetry Performance.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2017 Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Lipnick MS, Batchelder P, MacLeod DB, Severinghaus JW
• Tissue Oximetry and Clinical Outcomes.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2017 Bickler P, Feiner J, Rollins M, Meng L
• Trends and Challenges in Clinical Monitoring: Papers From the 2015 IAMPOV Symposium.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2017 Bickler PE, Cannesson M, Shelley KH
• Varespladib (LY315920) Appears to Be a Potent, Broad-Spectrum, Inhibitor of Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 and a Possible Pre-Referral Treatment for Envenomation.
  Toxins 2016 Lewin M, Samuel S, Merkel J, Bickler P
• The Accuracy of 6 Inexpensive Pulse Oximeters Not Cleared by the Food and Drug Administration: The Possible Global Public Health Implications.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2016 Lipnick MS, Feiner JR, Au P, Bernstein M, Bickler PE
• Enough Information to Evaluate Clinical Monitors?
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2016 Bickler PE
• The Accuracy of Pulse Spectroscopy for Detecting Hypoxemia and Coexisting Methemoglobin or Carboxyhemoglobin.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2016 Kulcke A, Feiner J, Menn I, Holmer A, Hayoz J, Bickler P
• Hypoxic preconditioning and cell death from oxygen/glucose deprivation co-opt a subset of the unfolded protein response in hippocampal neurons.
  Neuroscience 2015 Bickler PE, Clark JP, Gabatto P, Brosnan H
• Early Treatment with Intranasal Neostigmine Reduces Mortality in a Mouse Model of Naja naja (Indian Cobra) Envenomation.
  Journal of tropical medicine 2014 Lewin MR, Samuel SP, Wexler DS, Bickler P, Vaiyapuri S, Mensh BD
• Limitations of Mild, Moderate, and Profound Hypothermia in Protecting Developing Hippocampal Neurons After Simulated Ischemia.
  Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management 2013 Gregersen M, Lee DH, Gabatto P, Bickler PE
• Factors affecting the performance of 5 cerebral oximeters during hypoxia in healthy volunteers.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2013 Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Rollins MD
• Accuracy of the Lifebox pulse oximeter during hypoxia in healthy volunteers.
  Anaesthesia 2013 Dubowitz G, Breyer K, Lipnick M, Sall JW, Feiner J, Ikeda K, MacLeod DB, Bickler PE
• Xenon neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal slice cultures is similar to isoflurane and sevoflurane.
  Anesthesiology 2013 Brosnan H, Bickler PE
• Reversal of experimental paralysis in a human by intranasal neostigmine aerosol suggests a novel approach to the early treatment of neurotoxic envenomation.
  Clinical case reports 2013 Lewin MR, Bickler P, Heier T, Feiner J, Montauk L, Mensh B
• Accuracy of carboxyhemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxemia.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2013 Feiner JR, Rollins MD, Sall JW, Eilers H, Au P, Bickler PE
• Propofol at clinically relevant concentrations increases neuronal differentiation but is not toxic to hippocampal neural precursor cells in vitro.
  Anesthesiology 2012 Sall JW, Stratmann G, Leong J, Woodward E, Bickler PE
• Anesthetic protection of neurons injured by hypothermia and rewarming: roles of intracellular Ca2+ and excitotoxicity.
  Anesthesiology 2012 Bickler PE, Warren DE, Clark JP, Gabatto P, Gregersen M, Brosnan H
• Delayed environmental enrichment reverses sevoflurane-induced memory impairment in rats.
  Anesthesiology 2012 Shih J, May LD, Gonzalez HE, Lee EW, Alvi RS, Sall JW, Rau V, Bickler PE, Lalchandani GR, Yusupova M, Woodward E, Kang H, Wilk AJ, Carlston CM, Mendoza MV, Guggenheim JN, Schaefer M, Rowe AM, …
• The emergence level of the musculocutaneous nerve from the brachial plexus: implications for infraclavicular nerve blocks.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2012 Pianezza A, Salces y Nedeo A, Chaynes P, Bickler PE, Minville V
• Hypothermia and rewarming injury in hippocampal neurons involve intracellular Ca2+ and glutamate excitotoxicity.
  Neuroscience 2012 Warren DE, Bickler PE, Clark JP, Gregersen M, Brosnan H, McKleroy W, Gabatto P
• Hypoxic preconditioning failure in aging hippocampal neurons: impaired gene expression and rescue with intracellular calcium chelation.
  Journal of neuroscience research 2010 Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Gray JJ
• Improved accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2010 Feiner JR, Bickler PE
• Enhanced hypoxic preconditioning by isoflurane: signaling gene expression and requirement of intracellular Ca2+ and inositol triphosphate receptors.
  Brain research 2010 Bickler PE, Fahlman CS
• Antifreeze protein suppresses spontaneous neural activity and protects neurons from hypothermia/re-warming injury.
  Neuroscience research 2010 Rubinsky L, Raichman N, Lavee J, Frenk H, Ben-Jacob E, Bickler PE
• Erythropoietin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in in vitro models of neonatal stroke.
  Neurobiology of disease 2010 Osredkar D, Sall JW, Bickler PE, Ferriero DM
• Isoflurane does not affect brain cell death, hippocampal neurogenesis, or long-term neurocognitive outcome in aged rats.
  Anesthesiology 2010 Stratmann G, Sall JW, Bell JS, Alvi RS, May Ld, Ku B, Dowlatshahi M, Dai R, Bickler PE, Russell I, Lee MT, Hrubos MW, Chiu C
• Accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2009 Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Mannheimer PD
• Expression of signal transduction genes differs after hypoxic or isoflurane preconditioning of rat hippocampal slice cultures.
  Anesthesiology 2009 Bickler PE, Fahlman CS
• Consensus statement: First International Workshop on Anesthetics and Alzheimer's disease.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2009 Baranov D, Bickler PE, Crosby GJ, Culley DJ, Eckenhoff MF, Eckenhoff RG, Hogan KJ, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Palotás A, Perouansky M, Planel E, Silverstein JH, Wei H, Whittington RA, Xie Z, Zuo Z, First …
• Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors and NAD(P)H mediate Ca2+ signaling required for hypoxic preconditioning of hippocampal neurons.
  Neuroscience 2009 Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Gray J, McKleroy W
• Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii) hippocampal neurons tolerate prolonged oxygen-glucose deprivation and maintain baseline ERK1/2 and JNK activation despite drastic ATP loss.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2008 Christian SL, Ross AP, Zhao HW, Kristenson HJ, Zhan X, Rasley BT, Bickler PE, Drew KL
• Dark skin decreases the accuracy of pulse oximeters at low oxygen saturation: the effects of oximeter probe type and gender.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2007 Feiner JR, Severinghaus JW, Bickler PE
• Hypoxia tolerance in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes: life with variable oxygen availability.
  Annual review of physiology 2007 Bickler PE, Buck LT
• Bleeding complications from femoral and sciatic nerve catheters in patients receiving low molecular weight heparin.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2006 Bickler P, Brandes J, Lee M, Bozic K, Chesbro B, Claassen J
• The inhaled anesthetic, isoflurane, enhances Ca2+-dependent survival signaling in cortical neurons and modulates MAP kinases, apoptosis proteins and transcription factors during hypoxia.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2006 Bickler PE, Fahlman CS
• Isoflurane neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices decreases with aging: changes in intracellular Ca2+ regulation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx.
  Anesthesiology 2006 Zhan X, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE
• Improvised cricothyrotomy provides reliable airway access in an unembalmed human cadaver model.
  Wilderness & environmental medicine 2006 Platts-Mills TF, Lewin MR, Wells J, Bickler P
• Isoflurane preconditions hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation: role of intracellular Ca2+ and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.
  Anesthesiology 2005 Bickler PE, Zhan X, Fahlman CS
• Effects of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy at low saturation.
  Anesthesiology 2005 Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Severinghaus JW
• Isoflurane neuroprotection in hypoxic hippocampal slice cultures involves increases in intracellular Ca2+ and mitogen-activated protein kinases.
  Anesthesiology 2005 Gray JJ, Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Zhan X, Schuyler JA
• Intracellular calcium and survival of tadpole forebrain cells in anoxia.
  The Journal of experimental biology 2005 Hedrick MS, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE
• Protective effects of TASK-3 (KCNK9) and related 2P K channels during cellular stress.
  Brain research 2005 Liu C, Cotten JF, Schuyler JA, Fahlman CS, Au JD, Bickler PE, Yost CS
• Mild hypothermia, but not propofol, is neuroprotective in organotypic hippocampal cultures.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2005 Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Estrada S, Donohoe PH, Fahlman CS, Schuyler JA
• Clinical perspectives: neuroprotection lessons from hypoxia-tolerant organisms.
  The Journal of experimental biology 2004 Bickler PE
• Falsely low pulse oximetry values in patients receiving docetaxel (Taxotere).
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2004 Paige M, Bickler PE
• Hypoxia increases calcium flux through cortical neuron glutamate receptors via protein kinase C.
  Journal of neurochemistry 2004 Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Ferriero DM
• Moderate increases in intracellular calcium activate neuroprotective signals in hippocampal neurons.
  Neuroscience 2004 Bickler PE, Fahlman CS
• gamma-Aminobutyric acid-A receptors contribute to isoflurane neuroprotection in organotypic hippocampal cultures.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2003 Bickler PE, Warner DS, Stratmann G, Schuyler JA
• Oxygen sensitivity of NMDA receptors: relationship to NR2 subunit composition and hypoxia tolerance of neonatal neurons.
  Neuroscience 2003 Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Taylor DM
• Activation of the neuroprotective ERK signaling pathway by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during hypoxia involves intracellular Ca2+ and phospholipase C.
  Brain research 2002 Fahlman CS, Bickler PE, Sullivan B, Gregory GA
• Comparison of the effects of cyclosporin a on the metabolism of perfused rat brain slices during normoxia and hypoxia.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2002 Serkova N, Donohoe P, Gottschalk S, Hainz C, Niemann CU, Bickler PE, Litt L, Benet LZ, Leibfritz D, Christians U
• Isoflurane prevents delayed cell death in an organotypic slice culture model of cerebral ischemia.
  Anesthesiology 2002 Sullivan BL, Leu D, Taylor DM, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE
• Neuroprotection and intracellular Ca2+ modulation with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during in vitro hypoxia-ischemia involves phospholipase C-dependent signaling.
  Brain research 2001 Donohoe PH, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE, Vexler ZS, Gregory GA
• The reversal of fentanyl-induced tolerance by administration of "small-dose" ketamine.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 2001 Eilers H, Philip LA, Bickler PE, McKay WR, Schumacher MA
• Effects of neuroprotective cocktails on hippocampal neuron death in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia.
  Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology 2001 Liniger R, Popovic R, Sullivan B, Gregory G, Bickler PE
• Hypoxia-induced silencing of NMDA receptors in turtle neurons.
  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2000 Bickler PE, Donohoe PH, Buck LT
• Anesthetics and mild hypothermia similarly prevent hippocampal neuron death in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia.
  Anesthesiology 2000 Popovic R, Liniger R, Bickler PE
• Halothane, but not the nonimmobilizers perfluoropentane and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane, depresses synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 neurons in rats.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 1999 Taylor DM, Eger EI, Bickler PE
• Different effects of volatile anesthetics and polyhalogenated alkanes on depolarization-evoked glutamate release in rat cortical brain slices.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 1999 Eilers H, Kindler CH, Bickler PE
• Volatile anesthetics increase intracellular calcium in cerebrocortical and hippocampal neurons.
  Anesthesiology 1999 Kindler CH, Eilers H, Donohoe P, Ozer S, Bickler PE
• Reversible decreases in ATP and PCr concentrations in anoxic turtle brain.
  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology 1998 Buck L, Espanol M, Litt L, Bickler P
• Reduction of NMDA receptor activity in cerebrocortex of turtles (Chrysemys picta) during 6 wk of anoxia.
  The American journal of physiology 1998 Bickler PE
• Adaptations of vertebrate neurons to hypoxia and anoxia: maintaining critical Ca2+ concentrations.
  The Journal of experimental biology 1998 Bickler PE, Buck LT
• Hypoxia-tolerant neonatal CA1 neurons: relationship of survival to evoked glutamate release and glutamate receptor-mediated calcium changes in hippocampal slices.
  Brain research. Developmental brain research 1998 Bickler PE, Hansen BM
• Dual effects of anandamide on NMDA receptor-mediated responses and neurotransmission.
  Journal of neurochemistry 1998 Hampson AJ, Bornheim LM, Scanziani M, Yost CS, Gray AT, Hansen BM, Leonoudakis DJ, Bickler PE
• Adenosine and anoxia reduce N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor open probability in turtle cerebrocortex.
  The Journal of experimental biology 1998 Buck LT, Bickler PE
• Functional deactivation of the major neuronal nicotinic receptor caused by nicotine and a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism.
  Molecular pharmacology 1997 Eilers H, Schaeffer E, Bickler PE, Forsayeth JR
• Interactive effects of pH and temperature on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in rat cortical brain slices.
  Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology 1997 Gray AT, Buck LT, Feiner JR, Bickler PE
• Effects of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on glutamate release and ATP loss from rat brain slices during hypoxia.
  Journal of neurochemistry 1996 Bickler PE, Buck LT
• Effects of dexmedetomidine on hypoxia-evoked glutamate release and glutamate receptor activity in hippocampal slices.
  Anesthesiology 1996 Talke P, Bickler PE
• Hypothermia and isoflurane similarly inhibit glutamate release evoked by chemical anoxia in rat cortical brain slices.
  Anesthesiology 1996 Eilers H, Bickler PE
• Exercise-induced VA/Q inequality in subjects with prior high-altitude pulmonary edema.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1996 Podolsky A, Eldridge MW, Richardson RS, Knight DR, Johnson EC, Hopkins SR, Johnson DH, Michimata H, Grassi B, Feiner J, Kurdak SS, Bickler PE, Severinghaus JW, Wagner PD
• Pulmonary hemodynamic response to exercise in subjects with prior high-altitude pulmonary edema.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1996 Eldridge MW, Podolsky A, Richardson RS, Johnson DH, Knight DR, Johnson EC, Hopkins SR, Michimata H, Grassi B, Feiner J, Kurdak SS, Bickler PE, Wagner PD, Severinghaus JW
• Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists reduce glutamate release and glutamate receptor-mediated calcium changes in hippocampal slices during hypoxia.
  Neuropharmacology 1996 Bickler PE, Hansen BM
• Volatile and intravenous anesthetics decrease glutamate release from cortical brain slices during anoxia.
  Anesthesiology 1995 Bickler PE, Buck LT, Feiner JR
• Role of adenosine in NMDA receptor modulation in the cerebral cortex of an anoxia-tolerant turtle (Chrysemys picta belli).
  The Journal of experimental biology 1995 Buck LT, Bickler PE
• Hypoxic ventilatory response predicts the extent of maximal breath-holds in man.
  Respiration physiology 1995 Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Severinghaus JW
• Causes of calcium accumulation in rat cortical brain slices during hypoxia and ischemia: role of ion channels and membrane damage.
  Brain research 1994 Bickler PE, Hansen BM
• Effects of isoflurane and hypothermia on glutamate receptor-mediated calcium influx in brain slices.
  Anesthesiology 1994 Bickler PE, Buck LT, Hansen BM
• Time course of augmentation and depression of hypoxic ventilatory responses at altitude.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1994 Sato M, Severinghaus JW, Bickler P
• Activation of brain acetylcholine receptors by neuromuscular blocking drugs. A possible mechanism of neurotoxicity.
  Anesthesiology 1994 Cardone C, Szenohradszky J, Yost S, Bickler PE
• Influence of pH on calcium influx during hypoxia in rat cortical brain slices.
  Stroke 1994 O'Donnell BR, Bickler PE
• Developmental changes in intracellular calcium regulation in rat cerebral cortex during hypoxia.
  Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 1993 Bickler PE, Gallego SM, Hansen BM
• Inhibition of brain calcium channels by plasma proteins from anoxic turtles.
  The American journal of physiology 1993 Bickler PE, Gallego SM
• Central nervous system effects of intrathecal muscle relaxants in rats.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 1993 Szenohradszky J, Trevor AJ, Bickler P, Caldwell JE, Sharma ML, Rampil IJ, Miller RD
• Cerebral anoxia tolerance in turtles: regulation of intracellular calcium and pH.
  The American journal of physiology 1992 Bickler PE
• Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate stabilizes brain intracellular calcium during hypoxia in rats.
  Stroke 1992 Bickler PE, Kelleher JA
• Regional cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation during hypocarbia in geese.
  The American journal of physiology 1992 Bickler PE, Julian D
• Mass spectrometers and infrared gas analyzers interpret bronchodilator propellants as anesthetic gases.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 1992 Bickler PE, Sohn YJ
• Effects of temperature and anoxia on regional cerebral blood flow in turtles.
  The American journal of physiology 1992 Bickler PE
• Intracranial pressure and brain redox balance in rabbits.
  Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie 1991 Bissonnette B, Bickler PE, Gregory GA, Severinghaus JW
• Intralipid solution mistakenly infused into epidural space.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 1990 Bickler P, Spears R, McKay W
• Efficiency of airway heat and moisture exchangers in anesthetized humans.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 1990 Bickler PE, Sessler DI
• Acute radial nerve injury from use of an automatic blood pressure monitor.
  Anesthesiology 1990 Bickler PE, Schapera A, Bainton CR
• Diffusion of felt-tip marker pen ink into intravenous bags.
  Anesthesia and analgesia 1989 Bickler PE, Gold B, Johnson BH
• Effects of hypoxia and hypocapnia on brain redox balance in ducks.
  The American journal of physiology 1989 Bickler PE, Koh SO, Severinghaus JW
• Effects of acetazolamide on cerebral acid-base balance.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1988 Bickler PE, Litt L, Banville DL, Severinghaus JW
• Effects of acetazolamide on cerebrocortical NADH and blood volume.
  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1988 Bickler PE, Litt L, Severinghaus JW
• Effects of barbiturate anesthesia on functional residual capacity and ribcage/diaphragm contributions to ventilation.
  Anesthesiology 1987 Bickler PE, Dueck R, Prutow RJ
• Blood respiratory properties in pigeons at high altitudes: effects of acclimation.
  The American journal of physiology 1985 Weinstein Y, Bernstein MH, Bickler PE, Gonzales DV, Samaniego FC, Escobedo MA
• Blood acid-base status of an awake heterothermic rodent, Spermophilus tereticaudus.
  Respiration physiology 1984 Bickler PE
• CO2 balance of a heterothermic rodent: comparison of sleep, torpor, and awake states.
  The American journal of physiology 1984 Bickler PE