Pamela Den Besten, DDS
Professor
Orofacial Sciences
School of Dentistry

Grants and Projects

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• Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Health Research Training, NIH, 1996-2023
• Enamel biomineralization; the role of pH cycling, NIH, 2019-2023
• WDR72 in Tooth Enamel Formation, NIH, 2014-2017
• Enamel Fluorosis: Mechanisms of Action, NIH, 1999-2015
• Effects of Fluoride on Behavior in Genetically Diverse Mouse Models, NIH, 2010-2013
• Enamel Fluorosis: Mechanisms of Action, NIH, 1999-2011
• Genetic Variations Related to Fluorosis Susceptibility, NIH, 2008-2011
• Ameloblast Differentiation In Vitro: A Step Closer to Enamel Engineering, NIH, 2007-2009
• Characterization and Modification of Dental Hard Tissues, NIH, 1991-2008
• New Strategies for Enhancing Tissue Integrity and Repair, NIH, 1999-2006
• Fluoride Effects on Ameloblast like Cells in Culture, NIH, 1996-1999
• Amelogenin Processing by Serine Proteinase(s) in Enamel, NIH, 1994-1999
• Expression of Amelogenin in Rna During Enamel Formation, NIH, 1992-1995
• Alterations in Ameloblast Function in Enamel Fluorosis, NIH, 1990-1994
• Proteinases in Developing Enamel Matrix, NIH, 1988-1991
• Effects of Prenatal Fluoride Exposure on Fetal Rat Bone, NIH, 1990-1991
• Effects of Chronic High Fluoride on Enamel Development, NIH, 1985-1990
• Effects of Chronic High Fluoride on Enamel Development, NIH, 1985-1988

Publications (112)

Top publication keywords:
Tooth CalcificationDental Enamel ProteinsFluorosis, DentalCariostatic AgentsTooth GermToothAmelogenesis ImperfectaSaliva, ArtificialEnamel OrganMatrix Metalloproteinase 20FluoridesAmeloblastsAmelogeninDental EnamelAmelogenesis

• A novel artificial saliva enriched with CaneCPI-5 for irradiated head and neck cancer (HNC) patients: in vitro antimicrobial and anticaries effect.
  Journal of dentistry 2025 Da Silva NDG, Santos PSDS, Henrique-Silva F, Magalhães AC, Chiaratti MR, de Jong EJ, DenBesten PK, Buzalaf MAR
• Correction: Maternal and fetal exposures to fluoride during mid-gestation among pregnant women in northern California.
  Environmental health : a global access science source 2025 Uyghurturk DA, Goin DE, Martinez-Mier EA, Woodruff TJ, DenBesten PK
• Time to Reassess Systemic Fluoride Exposure, Again.
  JAMA pediatrics 2025 Lanphear BP, Den Besten P, Till C
• Fluoride-related changes in the fetal cord blood proteome; a pilot study.
  Environmental health : a global access science source 2024 Tuomivaara ST, Fisher SJ, Hall SC, Goin DE, Mattis AN, Den Besten PK
• Fluoride exposure and blood cell markers of inflammation in children and adolescents in the United States: NHANES, 2013-2016.
  Environmental health : a global access science source 2022 Den Besten P, Wells CR, Abduweli Uyghurturk D

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• WDR72 regulates vesicle trafficking in ameloblasts.
  Scientific reports 2022 Katsura K, Nakano Y, Zhang Y, Shemirani R, Li W, Den Besten P
• Culturing and Scaling up Stem Cells of Dental Pulp Origin Using Microcarriers.
  Polymers 2021 Földes A, Reider H, Varga A, Nagy KS, Perczel-Kovach K, Kis-Petik K, DenBesten P, Ballagi A, Varga G
• Three-Dimensional Culture of Ameloblast-Originated HAT-7 Cells for Functional Modeling of Defective Tooth Enamel Formation.
  Frontiers in pharmacology 2021 Földes A, Sang-Ngoen T, Kádár K, Rácz R, Zsembery Á, DenBesten P, Steward MC, Varga G
• TRPM7-Mediated Calcium Transport in HAT-7 Ameloblasts.
  International journal of molecular sciences 2021 Kádár K, Juhász V, Földes A, Rácz R, Zhang Y, Löchli H, Kató E, Köles L, Steward MC, DenBesten P, Varga G, Zsembery Á
• Intestinal changes associated with fluoride exposure in rats: Integrative morphological, proteomic and microbiome analyses.
  Chemosphere 2021 Dionizio A, Uyghurturk DA, Melo CGS, Sabino-Arias IT, Araujo TT, Ventura TMS, Perles JVCM, Zanoni JN, Den Besten P, Buzalaf MAR
• Maternal and fetal exposures to fluoride during mid-gestation among pregnant women in northern California.
  Environmental health : a global access science source 2020 Abduweli Uyghurturk D, Goin DE, Martinez-Mier EA, Woodruff TJ, DenBesten PK
• Fluoride related changes in behavioral outcomes may relate to increased serotonin.
  Physiology & behavior 2019 Lu F, Zhang Y, Trivedi A, Jiang X, Chandra D, Zheng J, Nakano Y, Abduweli Uyghurturk D, Jalai R, Onur SG, Mentes A, DenBesten PK
• The Importance of Connexin 43 in Enamel Development and Mineralization.
  Frontiers in physiology 2018 Al-Ansari S, Jalali R, Plotkin LI, Bronckers ALJJ, DenBesten P, Zhang Y, Raber-Durlacher JE, de Lange J, Rozema FR
• Oral Sciences PhD Program Enrollment, Graduates, and Placement: 1994 to 2016.
  Journal of dental research 2018 Herzog CR, Berzins DW, DenBesten P, Gregory RL, Hargreaves KM, Messer RLW, Mina M, Mooney MP, Paine ML, Phillips C, Presland RB, Quivey RG, Scannapieco FA, Sheridan JF, Svoboda KKH, Trackman PC, …
• No Change in Bicarbonate Transport but Tight-Junction Formation Is Delayed by Fluoride in a Novel Ameloblast Model.
  Frontiers in physiology 2017 Rácz R, Földes A, Bori E, Zsembery Á, Harada H, Steward MC, DenBesten P, Bronckers ALJJ, Gerber G, Varga G
• Meeting report: a hard look at the state of enamel research.
  International journal of oral science 2017 Klein OD, Duverger O, Shaw W, Lacruz RS, Joester D, Moradian-Oldak J, Pugach MK, Wright JT, Millar SE, Kulkarni AB, Bartlett JD, Diekwisch TG, DenBesten P, Simmer JP
• The Role of Na:K:2Cl Cotransporter 1 (NKCC1/SLC12A2) in Dental Epithelium during Enamel Formation in Mice.
  Frontiers in physiology 2017 Jalali R, Lodder JC, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Micha D, Melvin JE, Catalan MA, Mansvelder HD, DenBesten P, Bronckers A
• Corrigendum to " Mineralization-defects are comparable in fluorotic impacted human teeth and fluorotic mouse incisors" [Archives of Oral Biology 29 (July (83)) (2017) 214-221].
  Archives of oral biology 2017 Jalali R, Guy F, Ghazanfari S, Lyaruu D, van Ruijven L, DenBesten P, Martignon S, Castiblanco G, Bronckers A
• Importance of bicarbonate transport in pH control during amelogenesis - need for functional studies.
  Oral diseases 2017 Varga G, DenBesten P, Rácz R, Zsembery Á
• Mineralization-defects are comparable in fluorotic impacted human teeth and fluorotic mouse incisors.
  Archives of oral biology 2017 Jalali R, Guy F, Ghazanfari S, Lyaruu D, van Ruijven L, DenBesten P, Martignon S, Castiblanco G, Bronckers ALJJ
• Mediator 1 contributes to enamel mineralization as a coactivator for Notch1 signaling and stimulates transcription of the alkaline phosphatase gene.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2017 Yoshizaki K, Hu L, Nguyen T, Sakai K, Ishikawa M, Takahashi I, Fukumoto S, DenBesten PK, Bikle DD, Oda Y, Yamada Y
• Buffering of protons released by mineral formation during amelogenesis in mice.
  European journal of oral sciences 2016 Bronckers AL, Lyaruu DM, Jalali R, DenBesten PK
• The C-terminus of amelogenin enhances osteogenic differentiation of human cementoblast lineage cells.
  Journal of periodontal research 2016 Kunimatsu R, Yoshimi Y, Hirose N, Awada T, Miyauchi M, Takata T, Li W, Zhu L, Denbesten PK, Tanimoto K
• Effects of C-Terminal Amelogenin Peptide on Proliferation of Human Cementoblast Lineage Cells.
  Journal of periodontology 2016 Yoshimi Y, Kunimatsu R, Hirose N, Awada T, Miyauchi M, Takata T, Li W, Zhu L, Denbesten P, Tanne K, Tanimoto K
• Ameloblast Modulation and Transport of Cl⁻, Na⁺, and K⁺ during Amelogenesis.
  Journal of dental research 2015 Bronckers AL, Lyaruu D, Jalali R, Medina JF, Zandieh-Doulabi B, DenBesten PK
• Slc26a3/Dra and Slc26a6 in Murine Ameloblasts.
  Journal of dental research 2015 Jalali R, Zandieh-Doulabi B, DenBesten PK, Seidler U, Riederer B, Wedenoja S, Micha D, Bronckers AL
• Exon4 amelogenin transcripts in enamel biomineralization.
  Journal of dental research 2015 Stahl J, Nakano Y, Horst J, Zhu L, Le M, Zhang Y, Liu H, Li W, Den Besten PK
• Composition of mineralizing incisor enamel in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-deficient mice.
  European journal of oral sciences 2014 Bronckers AL, Lyaruu DM, Guo J, Bijvelds MJ, Bervoets TJ, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Medina JF, Li Z, Zhang Y, DenBesten PK
• Amelogenins as potential buffers during secretory-stage amelogenesis.
  Journal of dental research 2014 Guo J, Lyaruu DM, Takano Y, Gibson CW, DenBesten PK, Bronckers AL
• Distinctive genetic activity pattern of the human dental pulp between deciduous and permanent teeth.
  PloS one 2014 Kim JH, Jeon M, Song JS, Lee JH, Choi BJ, Jung HS, Moon SJ, DenBesten PK, Kim SO
• NBCe1 (SLC4A4) a potential pH regulator in enamel organ cells during enamel development in the mouse.
  Cell and tissue research 2014 Jalali R, Guo J, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Bervoets TJ, Paine ML, Boron WF, Parker MD, Bijvelds MJ, Medina JF, DenBesten PK, Bronckers AL
• WDR72 models of structure and function: a stage-specific regulator of enamel mineralization.
  Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 2014 Katsura KA, Horst JA, Chandra D, Le TQ, Nakano Y, Zhang Y, Horst OV, Zhu L, Le MH, DenBesten PK
• Barrier formation: potential molecular mechanism of enamel fluorosis.
  Journal of dental research 2013 Lyaruu DM, Medina JF, Sarvide S, Bervoets TJ, Everts V, Denbesten P, Smith CE, Bronckers AL
• Inductive ability of human developing and differentiated dental mesenchyme.
  Cells, tissues, organs 2013 Zheng L, Warotayanont R, Stahl J, Kunimatsu R, Klein O, DenBesten PK, Zhang Y
• Parenteral monofluorophosphate (MFP) is a more potent inducer of enamel fluorotic defects in neonatal hamster molars than sodium fluoride.
  Odontology 2013 Lyaruu DM, Schoonderwoerd M, Tio D, Tse C, Bervoets TJ, DenBesten P, Bronckers AL
• Leucine rich amelogenin peptide alters ameloblast differentiation in vivo.
  Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 2013 Stahl J, Nakano Y, Kim SO, Gibson CW, Le T, DenBesten P
• The similarity between human embryonic stem cell-derived epithelial cells and ameloblast-lineage cells.
  International journal of oral science 2013 Zheng LW, Linthicum L, DenBesten PK, Zhang Y
• Clinical efficacy and effects of xylitol wipes on bacterial virulence.
  Advances in dental research 2012 Zhan L, Featherstone JD, Lo J, Krupansky C, Hoang N, DenBesten P, Huynh T
• Enamel pits in hamster molars, formed by a single high fluoride dose, are associated with a perturbation of transitional stage ameloblasts.
  Caries research 2012 Lyaruu DM, Vermeulen L, Stienen N, Bervoets TJ, Denbesten PK, Bronckers AL
• Effects of xylitol wipes on cariogenic bacteria and caries in young children.
  Journal of dental research 2012 Zhan L, Cheng J, Chang P, Ngo M, Denbesten PK, Hoover CI, Featherstone JD
• Amelogenin exons 8 and 9 encoded peptide enhances leucine rich amelogenin peptide mediated dental pulp repair.
  Cells, tissues, organs 2012 Huang Y, Goldberg M, Le T, Qiang R, Warner D, Witkowska HE, Liu H, Zhu L, Denbesten P, Li W
• Murine ameloblasts are immunonegative for Tcirg1, the v-H-ATPase subunit essential for the osteoclast plasma proton pump.
  Bone 2012 Bronckers AL, Lyaruu DM, Bervoets TJ, Medina JF, DenBesten P, Richter J, Everts V
• Developmental expression of solute carrier family 26A member 4 (SLC26A4/pendrin) during amelogenesis in developing rodent teeth.
  European journal of oral sciences 2011 Bronckers AL, Guo J, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Bervoets TJ, Lyaruu DM, Li X, Wangemann P, DenBesten P
• Fluoride incorporation into apatite crystals delays amelogenin hydrolysis.
  European journal of oral sciences 2011 DenBesten PK, Zhu L, Li W, Tanimoto K, Liu H, Witkowska HE
• Evolutionary story of mammalian-specific amelogenin exons 4, "4b", 8, and 9.
  Journal of dental research 2011 Sire JY, Huang Y, Li W, Delgado S, Goldberg M, Denbesten PK
• Chronic fluoride toxicity: dental fluorosis.
  Monographs in oral science 2011 DenBesten P, Li W
• Altered self-assembly and apatite binding of amelogenin induced by N-terminal proline mutation.
  Archives of oral biology 2011 Zhu L, Uskokovic V, Le T, Denbesten P, Huang Y, Habelitz S, Li W
• NBCe1 in mouse and human ameloblasts may be indirectly regulated by fluoride.
  Journal of dental research 2011 Zheng L, Zhang Y, He P, Kim J, Schneider R, Bronckers AL, Lyaruu DM, DenBesten PK
• Fate of fluoride-induced subameloblastic cysts in developing hamster molar tooth germs.
  Archives of oral biology 2011 Lyaruu DM, Alberga JM, Kwee NC, Bervoets TJ, Bronckers AL, DenBesten PK
• Ameloblast differentiation in the human developing tooth: effects of extracellular matrices.
  Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 2010 He P, Zhang Y, Kim SO, Radlanski RJ, Butcher K, Schneider RA, DenBesten PK
• Horizontal transmission of mutans streptococci in children.
  Journal of dental research 2010 Doméjean S, Zhan L, DenBesten PK, Stamper J, Boyce WT, Featherstone JD
• The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in maturation stage ameloblasts, odontoblasts and bone cells.
  Bone 2009 Bronckers A, Kalogeraki L, Jorna HJ, Wilke M, Bervoets TJ, Lyaruu DM, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Denbesten P, de Jonge H
• The impact of fluoride on ameloblasts and the mechanisms of enamel fluorosis.
  Journal of dental research 2009 Bronckers AL, Lyaruu DM, DenBesten PK
• Calcium-mediated differentiation of ameloblast lineage cells in vitro.
  Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution 2009 Chen J, Zhang Y, Mendoza J, Denbesten P
• Dentin extracellular matrix molecules implanted into exposed pulps generate reparative dentin: a novel strategy in regenerative dentistry.
  Journal of dental research 2009 Goldberg M, Six N, Chaussain C, DenBesten P, Veis A, Poliard A
• Functional roles of prolines at amelogenin C terminal during tooth enamel formation.
  Cells, tissues, organs 2008 Zhu L, Tanimoto K, Le T, DenBesten PK, Li W
• The effect of fluoride on enamel and dentin formation in the uremic rat incisor.
  Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2008 Lyaruu DM, Bronckers AL, Santos F, Mathias R, DenBesten P
• Inflammatory and immunological aspects of dental pulp repair.
  Pharmacological research 2008 Goldberg M, Farges JC, Lacerda-Pinheiro S, Six N, Jegat N, Decup F, Septier D, Carrouel F, Durand S, Chaussain-Miller C, Denbesten P, Veis A, Poliard A
• Reduced amelogenin-MMP20 interactions in amelogenesis imperfecta.
  Journal of dental research 2008 Tanimoto K, Le T, Zhu L, Witkowska HE, Robinson S, Hall S, Hwang P, Denbesten P, Li W
• Comparative properties of recombinant human and bovine matrix metalloproteinase-20.
  Archives of oral biology 2008 Zhu L, Tanimoto K, Robinsin S, Chen J, Witkowska E, Hall S, Le T, Denbesten PK, Li W
• Effects of fluoride on the interactions between amelogenin and apatite crystals.
  Journal of dental research 2008 Tanimoto K, Le T, Zhu L, Chen J, Featherstone JD, Li W, DenBesten P
• Matricellular molecules and odontoblast progenitors as tools for dentin repair and regeneration.
  Clinical oral investigations 2007 Goldberg M, Lacerda-Pinheiro S, Priam F, Jegat N, Six N, Bonnefoix M, Septier D, Chaussain-Miller C, Veis A, Denbesten P, Poliard A
• The effect of LRAP on enamel organ epithelial cell differentiation.
  Journal of dental research 2007 Le TQ, Zhang Y, Li W, Denbesten PK
• Dentonin, a MEPE fragment, initiates pulp-healing response to injury.
  Journal of dental research 2007 Six N, Septier D, Chaussain-Miller C, Blacher R, DenBesten P, Goldberg M
• JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway mediates the fluoride-induced down-regulation of MMP-20 in vitro.
  Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 2007 Zhang Y, Li W, Chi HS, Chen J, Denbesten PK
• Micromolar fluoride alters ameloblast lineage cells in vitro.
  Journal of dental research 2007 Yan Q, Zhang Y, Li W, Denbesten PK
• Elevated TGF-beta2 signaling in dentin results in sex related enamel defects.
  Archives of oral biology 2007 Saeki K, Hilton JF, Alliston T, Habelitz S, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW, Denbesten P
• Comparative calcium binding of leucine-rich amelogenin peptide and full-length amelogenin.
  European journal of oral sciences 2006 Le TQ, Gochin M, Featherstone JD, Li W, DenBesten PK
• Differentiation of human ameloblast-lineage cells in vitro.
  European journal of oral sciences 2006 Yan Q, Zhang Y, Li W, DenBesten PK
• Fluoride down-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-20 in human fetal tooth ameloblast-lineage cells in vitro.
  European journal of oral sciences 2006 Zhang Y, Yan Q, Li W, DenBesten PK
• Growth of ameloblast-lineage cells in a three-dimensional Matrigel environment.
  European journal of oral sciences 2006 Li W, Machule D, Gao C, DenBesten PK
• Self-assembly and effect on crystal growth of the leucine-rich amelogenin peptide.
  European journal of oral sciences 2006 Habelitz S, DenBesten PK, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW, Li W
• The impact of bioactive molecules to stimulate tooth repair and regeneration as part of restorative dentistry.
  Dental clinics of North America 2006 Goldberg M, Lacerda-Pinheiro S, Jegat N, Six N, Septier D, Priam F, Bonnefoix M, Tompkins K, Chardin H, Denbesten P, Veis A, Poliard A
• On-column activation of bovine recombinant metalloproteinase 20.
  Analytical biochemistry 2005 Wang S, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li L, DenBesten P, Li W
• Amelogenin control over apatite crystal growth is affected by the pH and degree of ionic saturation.
  Orthodontics & craniofacial research 2005 Habelitz S, Denbesten PK, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW, Li W
• Mouse amelogenin exons 8 and 9: sequence analysis and protein distribution.
  Journal of dental research 2005 Papagerakis P, Ibarra JM, Inozentseva N, DenBesten P, MacDougall M
• MEPE is downregulated as dental pulp stem cells differentiate.
  Archives of oral biology 2005 Liu H, Li W, Shi S, Habelitz S, Gao C, Denbesten P
• Characterization of human primary enamel organ epithelial cells in vitro.
  Archives of oral biology 2005 DenBesten PK, Machule D, Zhang Y, Yan Q, Li W
• Effects of sodium fluoride on the actin cytoskeleton of murine ameloblasts.
  Archives of oral biology 2005 Li Y, Decker S, Yuan ZA, Denbesten PK, Aragon MA, Jordan-Sciutto K, Abrams WR, Huh J, McDonald C, Chen E, MacDougall M, Gibson CW
• Amelogenin-guided crystal growth on fluoroapatite glass-ceramics.
  Journal of dental research 2004 Habelitz S, Kullar A, Marshall SJ, DenBesten PK, Balooch M, Marshall GW, Li W
• Dentonin, a fragment of MEPE, enhanced dental pulp stem cell proliferation.
  Journal of dental research 2004 Liu H, Li W, Gao C, Kumagai Y, Blacher RW, DenBesten PK
• X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta may result from decreased formation of tyrosine rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP).
  Archives of oral biology 2003 Li W, Gao C, Yan Y, DenBesten P
• Early childhood caries: an overview with reference to our experience in California.
  Journal of the California Dental Association 2003 DenBesten P, Berkowitz R
• Effects of fluoride on rat dental enamel matrix proteinases.
  Archives of oral biology 2002 DenBesten PK, Yan Y, Featherstone JD, Hilton JF, Smith CE, Li W
• Expression of alternatively spliced RNA transcripts of amelogenin gene exons 8 and 9 and its end products in the rat incisor.
  The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 2002 Baba O, Takahashi N, Terashima T, Li W, DenBesten PK, Takano Y
• Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells.
  Journal of dental research 2002 Gronthos S, Brahim J, Li W, Fisher LW, Cherman N, Boyde A, DenBesten P, Robey PG, Shi S
• Identification of the calcium-sensing receptor in the developing tooth organ.
  Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2001 Mathias RS, Mathews CH, Machule C, Gao D, Li W, Denbesten PK
• The effect of TGF-beta 2 on dentin apposition and hardness in transgenic mice.
  Advances in dental research 2001 DenBesten PK, Machule D, Gallagher R, Marshall GW, Mathews C, Filvaroff E
• Reduced hydrolysis of amelogenin may result in X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta.
  Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 2001 Li W, Gibson CW, Abrams WR, Andrews DW, DenBesten PK
• Increased fluoride content in the femur growth plate and cortical bone of uremic rats.
  Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2000 Mathias RS, Amin U, Mathews CH, Denbesten P
• Is teething associated with diarrhea?
  The Western journal of medicine 2000 DenBesten P
• Activation of recombinant bovine matrix metalloproteinase-20 and its hydrolysis of two amelogenin oligopeptides.
  European journal of oral sciences 1999 Li W, Machule D, Gao C, DenBesten PK
• Development and characterization of an SV40 immortalized porcine ameloblast-like cell line.
  European journal of oral sciences 1999 DenBesten PK, Gao C, Li W, Mathews CH, Gruenert DC
• Biological mechanisms of dental fluorosis relevant to the use of fluoride supplements.
  Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 1999 DenBesten PK
• Canadian Consensus Conference on the appropriate use of fluoride supplements for the prevention of dental caries in children.
  Journal (Canadian Dental Association) 1998 Limeback H, Ismail A, Banting D, DenBesten P, Featherstone J, Riordan PJ
• Identification of two additional exons at the 3' end of the amelogenin gene.
  Archives of oral biology 1998 Li W, Mathews C, Gao C, DenBesten PK
• Fluoride levels in whole saliva of preschool children after brushing with 0.25 g (pea-sized) as compared to 1.0 g (full-brush) of a fluoride dentifrice.
  Pediatric dentistry 1996 DenBesten P, Ko HS
• Alternative splicing of amelogenin mRNA from rat incisor ameloblasts.
  Journal of dental research 1995 Li R, Li W, DenBesten PK
• Purification of nonamelogenin proteins from bovine secretory enamel.
  Calcified tissue international 1995 Punzi JS, DenBesten PK
• Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats.
  Neurotoxicology and teratology 1995 Mullenix PJ, Denbesten PK, Schunior A, Kernan WJ
• Effects of chronic fluoride exposure on morphometric parameters defining the stages of amelogenesis and ameloblast modulation in rat incisors.
  The Anatomical record 1993 Smith CE, Nanci A, Denbesten PK
• Expression of bone protein mRNA at physiological fluoride concentrations in rat osteoblast culture.
  Bone and mineral 1993 Li R, DenBesten PK
• Characterization of amelogenin mRNA from secretory- and maturation-stage rat incisor enamel.
  Archives of oral biology 1992 DenBesten PK, Li RS
• Biological mechanisms of fluorosis and level and timing of systemic exposure to fluoride with respect to fluorosis.
  Journal of dental research 1992 DenBesten PK, Thariani H
• Fluoride binding by matrix proteins in rat mineralizing tissue.
  Archives of oral biology 1992 DenBesten PK, Heffernan LM, Featherstone JD, Shields CP
• The presence and possible functions of the matrix metalloproteinase collagenase activator protein in developing enamel matrix.
  The Biochemical journal 1989 DenBesten PK, Heffernan LM, Treadwell BV, Awbrey BJ
• Enamel proteases in secretory and maturation enamel of rats ingesting 0 and 100 PPM fluoride in drinking water.
  Advances in dental research 1989 DenBesten PK, Heffernan LM
• Separation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of multiple proteases in rat and bovine enamel.
  Archives of oral biology 1989 DenBesten PK, Heffernan LM
• Studies on the changes in developing enamel caused by ingestion of high levels of fluoride in the rat.
  Advances in dental research 1987 DenBesten PK, Crenshaw MA
• Changes in the fluoride-induced modulation of maturation stage ameloblasts of rats.
  Journal of dental research 1985 Denbesten PK, Crenshaw MA, Wilson MH
• Oral self-mutilation in a child with congenital toxoplasmosis: a clinical report.
  Pediatric dentistry 1984 DenBesten PK, McIver FT
• The effects of chronic high fluoride levels on forming enamel in the rat.
  Archives of oral biology 1984 DenBesten PK, Crenshaw MA