Michael Callaham, MD
Professor Emeritus
Emergency Medicine
School of Medicine

Includes past President of World Association of Medical Editors Current Editor in Chief, Annals of Emergency Medicine Founding Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, UCSF

For the first part of my career my research interests included various types of clinical research including pre-hospital controlled trials on topics such as epinephrine dosing and mechanical aids in CPR and ACLS. In recent years I have begun to feel that the traditional RCT approach is too narrowly focused and will never keep up, much less catch up, with the vast majority of medical problems whose treatment is not evidence based, or whose evidence is out of date.

Because of my editorial and publishing experience, as well as my experiences as an organizer of a number of International Peer Review Congresses (Jama and BMJ), my research interests now have turned to trying to better understand the scientific peer review publication process through research into methods of educating peer reviewers, as well as research into bias and its impact on scientific publication. I am still engaged in this area of research because no effective interventions for improving peer review have yet been identified (contrary to the beliefs of many), and the workings (and thus the remediation) of bias due to conflict of interest are unexplored terrain - at least, unexplored by physicians. My most current research interest focuses on the impact of disclosure of conflicts of interest.

• Closing My Last Chapter at Annals of Emergency Medicine: A Note From the Editor in Chief.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2022 Callaham ML
• The impact of mandatory conflict of interest disclosures on editors' manuscript acceptance decisions: A cross-sectional observational study.
  Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open 2022 Berdahl CT, Addo N, Callaham ML
• Celebrating Annals of Emergency Medicine's 50th Anniversary.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2022 Callaham ML, Milling TJ
• In reply.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2020 Callaham ML
• Gender Bias and Peer Review: Annals Seeks Greater Diversity.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2019 Callaham M
• In reply.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2018 Callaham ML
• Comparing Freestanding Emergency Departments, Hospital-Based Emergency Departments, and Urgent Care in Texas: Apples, Oranges, or Lemons?
  Annals of emergency medicine 2017 Schuur JD, Yealy DM, Callaham ML
• Editor in Chief Overview: A Controversy About Freestanding Emergency Departments.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2017 Callaham ML
• The Prudent Layperson's Complicated and Uncertain Road to Urgent Care.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2017 Callaham ML
• In reply.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2015 Callaham ML
• Evidence in support of a back-to-basics approach in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation vs "advanced" treatment.
  JAMA internal medicine 2015 Callaham M
• Expert opinion: supplementing the gaps in evidence-based medicine.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2015 Callaham ML
• Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club. Measuring and explaining computed tomography use in the United States and Canada: a consideration of health economics and use versus appropriateness, and interpreting potential conflict of interest: answers to the November 2013 Journal Club questions.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2014 Schriger DL, Callaham ML, Barrett TW
• Measuring and explaining computed tomography use in the United States and Canada: a consideration of health economics, use versus appropriateness, and interpreting potential conflict of interest: November 2013 Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2013 Schriger DL, Callaham ML, Barrett TW
• Perceptions of conflict of interest disclosures among peer reviewers.
  PloS one 2011 Lippert S, Callaham ML, Lo B
• Journal performance report for 2010.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2011 Callaham ML
• Procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: recommendations for physician credentialing, privileging, and practice.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2011 O'Connor RE, Sama A, Burton JH, Callaham ML, House HR, Jaquis WP, Tibbles PM, Bromley M, Green SM, American College of Emergency Physicians
• HIV screening in emergency departments. Editors' introduction.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2011 Moran GJ, Callaham ML
• A survey of past participants in the Annals of Emergency Medicine editorial board fellowship program.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2011 Reynolds TA, Callaham M
• Annals of Emergency Medicine
  Longitudinal trends in the performance of scientific peer reviewers 2011 Callaham, M and McCulloch, C
• Longitudinal trends in the performance of scientific peer reviewers.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2010 Callaham M, McCulloch C
• Implementation of a journal peer reviewer stratification system based on quality and reliability.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2010 Green SM, Callaham ML
• Journal performance report for 2009.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2010 Callaham ML
• Testing new ideas: is a picture worth a thousand words?
  Annals of emergency medicine 2009 Yealy DM, Callaham ML
• Are the uninsured responsible for the increase in emergency department visits in the United States?
  Annals of emergency medicine 2008 Weber EJ, Showstack JA, Hunt KA, Colby DC, Grimes B, Bacchetti P, Callaham ML
• World Association of Medical Editors: support of the Croatian Medical Journal's editorial independence.
  Croatian medical journal 2008 Callaham M, Sahne P, Winker M, Overbeke J, Habibzadeh F, Ferris L
• A normative model of peer review: qualitative assessment of manuscript reviewers’ attitudes towards peer review
  A normative model of peer review: qualitative assessment of manuscript reviewers’ attitudes towards peer review 2007 Tercier, John, & Callaham, Michael L.(2007).
• Peer Review: Consensus and Contradiction, a Qualitative Approach
  Peer Review: Consensus and Contradiction, a Qualitative Approach 2007 Tercier, John, & Callaham, Michael L
• Characteristics of frequent users of emergency departments.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2006 Hunt KA, Weber EJ, Showstack JA, Colby DC, Callaham ML
• Does lack of a usual source of care or health insurance increase the likelihood of an emergency department visit? Results of a national population-based study.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2005 Weber EJ, Showstack JA, Hunt KA, Colby DC, Callaham ML
• Journal updates for 2005.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2005 Callaham ML
• Journal policy on ethics in scientific publication.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2003 Callaham ML
• A prospective multicenter study of factors associated with hospital admission among adults with acute asthma.
  The American journal of medicine 2002 Weber EJ, Silverman RA, Callaham ML, Pollack CV, Woodruff PG, Clark S, Camargo CA
• Effect of structured workshop training on subsequent performance of journal peer reviewers.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2002 Callaham ML, Schriger DL
• Research into peer review and scientific publication: journals look in the mirror.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2002 Callaham ML
• Suturing versus conservative management of lacerations of the hand: randomised controlled trial.
  BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2002 Quinn J, Cummings S, Callaham M, Sellers K
• Author perception of peer review: impact of review quality and acceptance on satisfaction.
  JAMA 2002 Weber EJ, Katz PP, Waeckerle JF, Callaham ML
• Effect of written feedback by editors on quality of reviews: two randomized trials.
  JAMA 2002 Callaham ML, Knopp RK, Gallagher EJ
• Journal prestige, publication bias, and other characteristics associated with citation of published studies in peer-reviewed journals.
  JAMA 2002 Callaham M, Wears RL, Weber E
• Deciphering the authorship code.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2001 Callaham ML, Waeckerle JF
• Ability of laypersons to estimate short time intervals in cardiac arrest.
  Annals of emergency medicine 2000 Isaacs E, Callaham ML
• Effect of attendance at a training session on peer reviewer quality and performance.
  Annals of emergency medicine 1998 Callaham ML, Wears RL, Waeckerle JF
• Who reviews the reviewers? Feasibility of using a fictitious manuscript to evaluate peer reviewer performance.
  Annals of emergency medicine 1998 Baxt WG, Waeckerle JF, Berlin JA, Callaham ML
• Masking author identity in peer review: what factors influence masking success? PEER Investigators.
  JAMA 1998 Cho MK, Justice AC, Winker MA, Berlin JA, Waeckerle JF, Callaham ML, Rennie D
• Positive-outcome bias and other limitations in the outcome of research abstracts submitted to a scientific meeting.
  JAMA 1998 Callaham ML, Wears RL, Weber EJ, Barton C, Young G
• Reliability of editors' subjective quality ratings of peer reviews of manuscripts.
  JAMA 1998 Callaham ML, Baxt WG, Waeckerle JF, Wears RL
• Unpublished research from a medical specialty meeting: why investigators fail to publish.
  JAMA 1998 Weber EJ, Callaham ML, Wears RL, Barton C, Young G
• Time to publication of studies was not affected by whether results were positive.
  BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 1998 Callaham ML, Weber E, Young G, Wears R, Barton C
• State of the Journal.
  Annals of emergency medicine 1998 Waeckerle JF, Callaham ML, Levene M
• Quality-of-life and formal functional testing of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest correlates poorly with traditional neurologic outcome scales.
  Annals of emergency medicine 1996 Hsu JW, Madsen CD, Callaham ML
• Medical journals and the science of peer review: raising the standard.
  Annals of emergency medicine 1996 Callaham ML, Waeckerle JF
• A randomized clinical trial of active compression-decompression CPR vs standard CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in two cities.
  JAMA 1995 Schwab TM, Callaham ML, Madsen CD, Utecht TA
• Evaluation of active compression-decompression CPR in victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
  JAMA 1994 Lurie KG, Shultz JJ, Callaham ML, Schwab TM, Gisch T, Rector T, Frascone RJ, Long L