Lekshmi Santhosh, MD, MA
Associate Professor
Medicine
School of Medicine

During her fellowship training, she received a Master's in Education from UC Berkeley. Clinically, she attends in the Medical ICU, the Neuro-ICU, the Hospital Medicine teaching service, and in the outpatient Pulmonary clinic. She is also the founder and former medical director of the post-ICU/post-COVID OPTIMAL clinic. She serves as the UCSF Associate Program Director for the Internal Medicine Residency, focused on curriculum and scheduling. She has published extensively in the realm of medical education and issues around equity in medicine; her primary scholarly interests are related to ICU transitions of care, women in leadership, clinical reasoning, and subspecialty career choice. Nationally, she is one of the inaugural National Academy of Medicine Scholars in Diagnostic Excellence and is the Chair-Elect for the American Thoracic Society Section on Medical Education. She has recently been awarded the Gold-Headed Cane Endowed Education Chair in Internal Medicine.

• Bringing MedEd Interventions From the Bench to the Bedside: Applying Implementation Science to Pulmonary and Critical Care Medical Education
  CHEST 2025 Lyons PG, Santhosh L
• 1391: IMPACT OF PHARMACIST INTEGRATION INTO POST-ICU AND POST-COVID PULMONOLOGY CLINIC.
  Critical Care Medicine 2025 Rima Bouajram, Ashley Thompson, Megan Conrad, Benjamin Michaels, Claire Bainbridge, Leah Witt, Lekshmi Santhosh
• How Does the Novice Become the Expert? An Instrumental Case Study of Procedural Educators.
  Academic Medicine 2024 Ilana Roberts Krumm, Adrienne Strait, Lekshmi Santhosh
• Revitalizing grand rounds in the time of COVID.
  BMC medical education 2024 Santhosh L, Rosenstein LA, Wachter RM
• EVALUATING HOSPITALIST AND RESIDENT EXPERIENCES WITH MICU-TO-WARD HANDOFF AFTER IMPLEMENTING THE ICU-PAUSE WRITTEN HANDOFF AT A SINGLE ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER.
  CHEST Journal 2024 HANNAH DUEHREN, PAUL HALLIDAY, LEKSHMI SANTHOSH, PATRICK G LYONS, MIA MCCLINTIC, JUAN C ROJAS
• Pleural Procedure Education in Fellowship A National Survey of Program Directors.
  CHEST Pulmonary 2024 Ilana Roberts Krumm, Van Holden, Lekshmi Santhosh
• Explor-A-Thora: A Novel Three-Dimensionally Printed Pleural Simulator.
  ATS scholar 2024 Krumm IR, Drapeau S, Kim B, Gesthalter YB, Santhosh L
• Medical Education and Quality Improvement: Ever the Twain Shall Meet? Reply to Chiles: Improvement Is the Prize: Suggestions for Success.
  ATS scholar 2024 Cooper AZ, Jain S, Santhosh L, Carlos WG
• Seven Practical Recommendations for Designing and Conducting Qualitative Research in Medical Education.
  ATS scholar 2024 Lyons PG, Gause SA, Eakin MN, O'Brien BC, Santhosh L
• The ABCs of Cultivating Psychological Safety for Clinical Learner Growth.
  Journal of graduate medical education 2024 Brown W, Santhosh L, Stewart NH, Adamson R, Lee MM
• Reckoning with uncertainty to repair trust.
  Journal of hospital medicine 2024 Santhosh L
• Creation of a sustainable longitudinal women in Leadership Development (WILD) curriculum focused on graduate medical education trainees.
  BMC medical education 2024 McGourty CA, Castillo F, Donzelli G, Keenan BP, Gilbreth M, Santhosh L
• Teaching Uncertainty Communication to Students in the Health Professions: A Scoping Review Protocol
  OSF Registries 2024 Papanagnou D; Dahm M; Santhosh L
• Centering health equity during handoff communications.
  Journal of hospital medicine 2024 Bansal R, Bhatia M, Santhosh L
• Validating the Physician Documentation Quality Instrument for Intensive Care Unit-Ward Transfer Notes.
  ATS scholar 2024 Lyons PG, Rojas JC, Bewley AF, Malone SM, Santhosh L
• Changes in Gender and Racial/Ethnic Diversity in US Residency Program Applications From 2018 to 2022.
  Journal of graduate medical education 2024 Huppert LA, Santhosh L, Alba-Nguyen S, Lai CJ, Babik JM
• Features of acute COVID-19 associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes: results from the IMPACC study.
  Nature communications 2024 Ozonoff A, Jayavelu ND, Liu S, Melamed E, Milliren CE, Qi J, Geng LN, McComsey GA, Cairns CB, Baden LR, Schaenman J, Shaw AC, Samaha H, Seyfert-Margolis V, Krammer F, Rosen LB, Steen H, Syphurs C, …
• Beyond the Procedure Log: Using Individualized Learning Plans to Set Learner-Specific Milestones for Procedural Skills Acquisition.
  Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2023 Dyster T, Santhosh L
• Policies to Support Lactation at Highly Ranked US Medical Schools.
  JAMA network open 2023 Santhosh L, Vo A, Wick C, Mourad M, Sarkar U, Jagsi R, Mangurian C
• Eye on the Prize: Patient Outcomes Research in Medical Education.
  ATS scholar 2023 Cooper AZ, Jain S, Santhosh L, Carlos WG
• Importance of Reconnection With ICU Survivors to ICU Recovery Program Clinicians.
  2023 Tammy L. Eaton, Valerie Danesh, Carla M. Sevin, Kelly Potter, Han Su, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Leanne M. Boehm, Joanne McPeake, Critical and Acute Illness Recovery Organization Post-ICU Clinic …
• Scaling up a diagnostic pause at the ICU-to-ward transition: an exploration of barriers and facilitators to implementation of the ICU-PAUSE handoff tool.
  Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany) 2023 Cornell EG, Harris E, McCune E, Fukui E, Lyons PG, Rojas JC, Santhosh L
• Exercises in Clinical Reasoning: Beyond the Surface.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2023 Salazar JW, Minter DJ, Tseng ZH, Santhosh L
• Mind the Gap: A Single-Site, 12-Year Analysis of Trends in Medicine Residents Taking Gap Years before Fellowship.
  ATS scholar 2023 Santhosh L, McGrath MK, Babik JM
• Diagnostic Safety Across Transitions of Care Throughout the Healthcare System: Current State and a Call to Action
  Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Publication 2023 Santhosh L, Cornell E, Rojas JC, Lyons P.
• Medical Societies Must Choose Professional Meeting Locations Responsibly in a Post-Roe World.
  Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2023 Lee AG, Maley J, Hibbert K, Akgün KM, Hauschildt KE, Law A, Kaminski N, Hayes M, Gesthalter Y, Bosslet GT, Santhosh L, Witkin A, Hills-Dunlap K, Çoruh B, Gershengorn HB, Hardin CC
• Discourage Paint-by-Numbers Presentations.
  ATS scholar 2023 Baugh AD, Santhosh L
• Time to reimagine diagnosis in the acute care setting.
  Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2023 Pulia MS, Papanagnou D, Santhosh L
• Gender Disparities in Critical Care Procedure Training of Internal Medicine Residents.
  ATS scholar 2023 Olson EM, Sanborn DM, Dyster TG, Kelm DJ, Murray SG, Santhosh L, DesJardin JT
• Improving Communication in Intensive Care Unit to Ward Transitions: Protocol for Multisite National Implementation of the ICU-PAUSE Handoff Tool.
  JMIR research protocols 2023 Fukui EM, Lyons PG, Harris E, McCune EK, Rojas JC, Santhosh L
• Impact of a Multidisciplinary Post-COVID-19 Clinic on Hospital Admissions and ED Visits.
  Chest 2023 Levan S, Mourad M, Block B, Shah R, Santhosh L
• A National Leadership Incubator to Promote Equity in Diagnostic Excellence: The National Academy of Medicine DxEx Scholars.
  JAMA health forum 2022 Santhosh L, Flores EJ, Bajaj K
• Reimagining the Learner-Employee Dyad: Trainees as "Essential Learners".
  Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2022 Holzer H, Salib S, Wray C, Santhosh L
• Jane (or Dr Doe?) Will Reply to Your Patient Portal Message Now.
  JAMA network open 2022 Santhosh L, Witt L
• Teaching the science of uncertainty.
  Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany) 2022 Moulder G, Harris E, Santhosh L
• Best Practices for Remediation in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Training.
  ATS scholar 2022 Camac E, Stewart N, Santhosh L, Carlos WG, Denson JL, Heath J
• Analysis of Narrative Text in Evaluations of Continuing Medical Education Faculty by Gender.
  JAMA network open 2022 Santhosh L, Rojek AE, Yim JWL, Lisker S, Wang K, Dy M, Sarkar U
• Beyond "In the Red": Building the Business Case for a Post-COVID-19 Clinic.
  Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2022 Santhosh L
• Reimagining Undergraduate Medical Education in a Post-COVID-19 Landscape.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2022 Guo MZ, Allen J, Sakumoto M, Pahwa A, Santhosh L
• Cocreating the ICU-PAUSE Tool for Intensive Care Unit-Ward Transitions.
  ATS scholar 2022 Santhosh L, Rojas JC, Garcia B, Thomashow M, Lyons PG
• How do internal medicine subspecialty societies support clinician-educator careers? A qualitative exploratory study.
  BMC medical education 2022 Santhosh L, Abdoler E, O'Brien BC, Schwartz B
• Characteristics of Post-ICU and Post-COVID Recovery Clinics in 29 U.S. Health Systems.
  Critical care explorations 2022 Danesh V, Boehm LM, Eaton TL, Arroliga AC, Mayer KP, Kesler SR, Bakhru RN, Baram M, Bellinghausen AL, Biehl M, Dangayach NS, Goldstein NM, Hoehn KS, Islam M, Jagpal S, Johnson AB, Jolley SE, Kloos JA,…
• Long COVID Patient Fact Sheet.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2022 Butler SJ, Santhosh L, Gupta S, Parker AM, Gershon AS
• Leadership & professional development: Coach, mentor, sponsor…peer? Cultivating a successful peer mentorship.
  Journal of hospital medicine 2022 Abdoler E, Santhosh L
• Dual Process Theory and Cognitive Load: How Intensivists Make Diagnoses.
  Critical care clinics 2022 Harris E, Santhosh L
• Prospective arrhythmia surveillance after a COVID-19 diagnosis.
  Open heart 2022 Dewland TA, Whitman IR, Win S, Sanchez JM, Olgin JE, Pletcher MJ, Santhosh L, Kumar U, Joyce S, Yang V, Hwang J, Ogomori K, Peyser N, Horner C, Wen D, Butcher X, Marcus GM
• Response.
  Chest 2022 Santhosh L, Block B, Kim SY, Raju S, Shah RJ, Thakur N, Brigham EP, Parker AM
• Longitudinal Milestone Assessment Extending Through Subspecialty Training: The Relationship Between ACGME Internal Medicine Residency Milestones and Subsequent Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship Milestones.
  Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2021 Heath JK, Wang T, Santhosh L, Denson JL, Holmboe E, Yamazaki K, Clay AS, Carlos WG
• How Has the Pandemic Affected Women in Medicine? A Survey-Based Study on Perceptions of Personal and Career Impacts of COVID-19.
  Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) 2021 Brown C, Jain S, Santhosh L
• Leadership & Professional Development: How to Teach When You Don’t Know.
  Journal of Hospital Medicine 2021 Samantha Wang, Lekshmi Santhosh, Charlie Wray
• Tissue, Teamwork, and Timing: an Exercise in Clinical Reasoning.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2021 Ahmad TR, Kazberouk A, Santhosh L, Hsu G, Dhaliwal G
• Emphasizing Empathy in Communicating About Uncertainty by Using a Dialogic Approach.
  Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2021 Chou CL, Connor DM, Santhosh L
• A Novel Ambulatory Curriculum for Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship Training.
  ATS scholar 2021 Kassutto SM, Santhosh L, Dine CJ, Kreider M, Lapin J, Shah RJ
• If You Build It, Will They Come? The Social Media Footprint of Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowships.
  ATS scholar 2021 Santhosh L
• An Elusive Seizure.
  The Neurohospitalist 2021 Han HJ, Parks AL, Shah MP, Hsu G, Santhosh L
• Trends in US Internal Medicine Residency and Fellowship Applications During the COVID-19 Pandemic vs Previous Years.
  JAMA network open 2021 Huppert LA, Santhosh L, Babik JM
• Tips and Traps for Trainees Traversing Social Media.
  ATS scholar 2021 Santhosh L, Carroll CL, Seam N
• Zooming into Focus Groups: Strategies for Qualitative Research in the Era of Social Distancing.
  ATS scholar 2021 Santhosh L, Rojas JC, Lyons PG
• Virtual Interviews at Graduate Medical Education Training Programs: Determining Evidence-Based Best Practices.
  Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2020 Huppert LA, Hsiao EC, Cho KC, Marquez C, Chaudhry RI, Frank J, Goglin SE, Hsu G, Kathpalia P, Khanna R, Kompala T, Rao MN, Bower BA, Trafas V, Santhosh L, Schwartz BS, Babik JM
• COVID-19 Infection versus Influenza (Flu) and Other Respiratory Illnesses.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2020 Sockrider M, Jamil S, Santhosh L, Carlos WG
• On Treatments and Tests Deferred: Preparing for Collateral Damage from COVID-19.
  Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2020 Jain S, Santhosh L
• A call for collaboration and consensus on training for endotracheal intubation in the medical intensive care unit.
  Critical care (London, England) 2020 Brown W, Santhosh L, Brady AK, Denson JL, Niroula A, Pugh ME, Self WH, Joffe AM, O'Neal Maynord P, Carlos WG
• Variation in Intensive Care Unit Intubation Practices in Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Fellowship.
  ATS scholar 2020 Brady AK, Brown W, Denson JL, Winter G, Niroula A, Santhosh L, Carlos WG
• Patient Safety and Resident Schedules without 24-Hour Shifts.
  The New England journal of medicine 2020 Lyons PG, Rojas JC, Santhosh L
• During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Lung Specialists of the World Implore You: Inhale Only Clean Air.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2020 Santhosh L, Alismail A, Breiburg A, Carlos G, Jamil S
• Family Meetings on Behalf of Patients with Serious Illness.
  The New England journal of medicine 2020 Widera E, Anderson WG, Santhosh L, McKee KY, Smith AK, Frank J
• How do attending physicians describe cognitive overload among their workplace learners?
  Medical education 2020 Sewell JL, Santhosh L, O'Sullivan PS
• Diversity of the Infectious Diseases Trainee Pipeline: The Future Looks Bright, but We Must Not Be Complacent.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2020 Santhosh L, Babik JM
• Diversity in the Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Pipeline. Trends in Gender, Race, and Ethnicity among Applicants and Fellows.
  ATS scholar 2020 Santhosh L, Babik JM
• Miles to Go Before We Sleep. Reforming the Pulmonary and Critical Care Milestones to Improve Trainee Assessment.
  ATS scholar 2020 Heath JK, Dempsey TM, Santhosh L, Edgar L, Fessler HE
• Leadership Training in Pulmonary and Critical Care: A National Survey of Fellowship Program Directors.
  Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2020 Steinbach TC, Adamson R, Carlos WG, Denson JL, Kritek PA, Santhosh L, Seam N, Wang TS, Çoruh B
• From Bedrest to Balance
  International Journal of Academic Medicine 2019 Santhosh L.
• Design and Implementation of a Peer-Reviewed Medical Education Video Competition: The Best of American Thoracic Society Video Lecture Series.
  Journal of graduate medical education 2019 Seam N, Richards JB, Kritek PA, Khemasuwan D, McCallister JW, Santhosh L, Prasad B, Bhargava S, Clay AS, Crotty Alexander LE
• Diagnostic Error and Anchoring Bias in a Patient with Schizophrenia.
  The American journal of medicine 2019 Hemmat S, Santhosh L
• Off Trail, On Track: an Exercise in Clinical Reasoning.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2019 Zejnullahu K, Santhosh L, Mourad M, Connor DM
• Strategies to build a clinician-educator career.
  The clinical teacher 2019 Santhosh L, Abdoler E, Babik JM
• The Complex Problem of Women Trainees in Academic Medicine.
  Journal of hospital medicine 2019 Keenan B, Santhosh L, Thompson V, Harleman E
• Wildfires Disaster Guidance: Tips for Staying Healthy during Wildfires.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2019 Jamil S, Carlos WG, Leard L, Wang A, Santhosh L, Balmes J, Seam N, Dela Cruz CS
• We May Not "Have It All," But We Can Make It Better through Structural Changes.
  Journal of hospital medicine 2018 Zapata CB, Santhosh L
• 1322. Impact of Hospital Medicine on Trends in Infectious Diseases and Other Subspecialty Fellowship Applications.
  Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018 Lekshmi Santhosh, Jennifer Babik
• Diving Into Diagnostic Uncertainty: Strategies to Mitigate Cognitive Load: In Reference to: "Focused Ethnography of Diagnosis in Academic Medical Centers".
  Journal of hospital medicine 2018 Santhosh L, Raffel K, Ranji SR
• Practical Tips for ICU Bedside Teaching.
  Chest 2018 Santhosh L, Brown W, Ferreira J, Niroula A, Carlos WG
• Tissue Isn't the Issue.
  Journal of hospital medicine 2018 Santhosh L, Koth L, Baudendistel TE, Sharpe B, Monash B
• Intensive Care Unit Educators: A Multicenter Evaluation of Behaviors Residents Value in Attending Physicians.
  Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2017 Santhosh L, Jain S, Brady A, Sharp M, Carlos WG
• Whither the Pulmonary Ward Attending? Preserving Subspecialty Exposure in United States Internal Medicine Residency Training.
  Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2017 Santhosh L, Babik J, Looney MR, Hollander H
• Medicine Enters the Computer Age.
  Distracted Doctoring 2017 Lekshmi Santhosh, Raman Khanna
• The “Building Blocks” of Antiretrovirals: Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a Novel Curricular Tool to Teach Trainees About HIV Therapeutics.
  Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2015 Lekshmi Santhosh, Brian Schwartz, Peter Chin-Hong
• From the sidelines to the frontline: how the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration embraced smoking cessation.
  American journal of public health 2014 Santhosh L, Meriwether M, Saucedo C, Reyes R, Cheng C, Clark B, Tipperman D, Schroeder SA
• Regional distribution and behavioral correlates of 5-HT(2A) receptors in Alzheimer's disease with [(18)F]deuteroaltanserin and PET.
  Psychiatry research 2009 Santhosh L, Estok KM, Vogel RS, Tamagnan GD, Baldwin RM, Mitsis EM, Macavoy MG, Staley JK, van Dyck CH
• Importance sampling method of correction for multiple testing in affected sib-pair linkage analysis.
  BMC genetics 2003 Klein AP, Kovac I, Sorant AJ, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Doan BQ, Ibay G, Lockwood E, Mandal D, Santhosh L, Weissbecker K, Woo J, Zambelli-Weiner A, Zhang J, Naiman DQ, Malley J, Bailey-Wilson JE