Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, PhD
Assistant Researcher
GHS - Programs
Chancellor/EVC/FAS
Public health challenges are deeply human challenges, shaped by culture, context, and community. Our work must bridge worlds - from high-level policy to grassroots implementation - while recognizing that gender equality and women's empowerment are fundamental to achieving lasting health impacts.
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Lakshmi is a population and behavioral health scientist whose work centers on advancing gender equality and women's empowerment through public health research. Her innovative approach recognizes that engaging men and transforming couple dynamics are crucial for achieving gender equality and better health outcomes. While her research primarily focuses on South Asia, she has contributed to research initiatives across India, Nepal, Kenya, Ghana, Malawi, and the Philippines over the past 17 years. Her research spans four key domains: gender norms and women's health, digital health interventions, community health workers, and couples-based interventions for perinatal mental health. Through this work, she examines how gender norms and power dynamics influence health outcomes and develops interventions that promote women's agency while actively engaging men as partners in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCH+A) in resource-limited contexts.
Years of working in resource-constrained settings have taught her that transformative solutions must address gender inequality as a root cause of health disparities while recognizing men's crucial role in challenging harmful gender norms. Whether designing interventions or conducting research, her focus remains constant: creating sustainable change that empowers women, transforms couple relationships, and engages communities as equal partners.
Lakshmi holds a doctorate in Health Policy (Population Health Sciences) from UC Berkeley, a Master of Public Health (MPH) with a concentration in Maternal and Child Health from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (UNC) as a Fulbright Scholar, and a Master's in Information Systems from the London School of Economics (LSE). Her research is supported by competitive funding, including R01 collaborations and a K99/R00 award, with over 20 publications to date.
Education & Training
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- PhD Health Policy - Population Health Sciences University of California 2022
- MPH Maternal and Child Health University of North Carolina 2014
- MSc Information Systems London School of Economics 2007
- BE Computer Science University Visvesvariah College of Engineering 2005
Websites
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- Posts on X lakshmigop (X.com)
Publications (30)
Top publication keywords:
Contraception BehaviorReproductive HealthMultilevel AnalysisIntimate Partner ViolenceMaternal HealthRural PopulationCommunity Health WorkersMarriageFamily CharacteristicsSpousesFamily Planning ServicesSocial NormsChoice BehaviorIndiaSelf Efficacy
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Marital choice, spousal communication, and contraceptive self-efficacy and use among newly married girls in India: Evidence from the UDAYA study.
Social science & medicine (1982) 2025 Paul P, Saha R, McDougal L, Gopalakrishnan L -
Preliminary impact of an mHealth education and social support intervention on maternal health knowledge and outcomes among postpartum mothers in Punjab, India.
BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2025 El Ayadi AM, Diamond-Smith NG, Duggal M, Singh P, Sharma P, Kaur J, Gopalakrishnan L, Gill N, Verma GS, Ahuja A, Kumar V, Weil L, Bagga R -
Effects of economic empowerment and relationship strengthening intervention on financial behaviors among couples living with HIV: The Mlambe pilot trial in Malawi.
SSM - population health 2025 Gopalakrishnan L, Mulauzi N, Mkandawire J, Ssewamala FM, Tebbetts S, Neilands TB, Conroy AA -
The role of community-level men's and women's inequitable gender norms on women's empowerment in India: A multilevel analysis using India's National Family Health Survey-5.
PloS one 2024 Gopalakrishnan L, El Ayadi A, Diamond-Smith N -
Association between coordinated counseling from both ASHA and Anganwadi Workers and maternal health outcomes: A cross-sectional study from Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, India.
PLOS global public health 2024 Gopalakrishnan L, Patil S, Fernald L, Walker D, Diamond-Smith N
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Perinatal depression and adverse child growth outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLOS global public health 2024 Carosella E, Chhabria S, Kim H, Moreira A, Naamani D, Ninesling B, Lansdale A, Gopalakrishnan L, Gelaye B, Yousafzai A, Papatheodorou S -
Individual empowerment and community norm effects of engaging young husbands in reproductive health in rural India: findings from a pilot study.
Reproductive health 2024 Diamond-Smith N, Vaishnav Y, Choudhary U, Sharma P, Kachhwaha A, Panjalingam T, Vallin J, Das D, Gopalakrishnan L -
Feasibility and acceptability of a life skills and reproductive health empowerment interventionfor young newly married women in Rajasthan, India: A pre-post convergent mixed methods pilot study.
Research square 2024 Gopalakrishnan L, Patil S, Das D, Paul A, Sharma P, Kachhwaha A, Choudhary U, Diamond-Smith N -
Individual empowerment and community norm effects of engaging young husbands in reproductive health in rural India: findings from a pilot study.
Research square 2024 Diamond-Smith N, Vaishnav Y, Choudhary U, Sharma P, Kachhwaha A, Panjalingam T, Vallin J, Das D, Gopalakrishnan L -
Life skills and reproductive health empowerment intervention for newly married women and their families to reduce unintended pregnancy in India: protocol for the TARANG cluster randomised controlled trial.
BMJ open 2024 Diamond-Smith N, Gopalakrishnan L, Leslie H, Katz E, Harper C, Weiser S, Patil SR -
Temporary childbirth migration and maternal health care in India.
PloS one 2024 Diamond-Smith N, Gopalakrishnan L, Patil S, Fernald L, Menon P, Walker D, El Ayadi AM -
Markets, incentives, and health promotion can improve family planning and maternal health practices: a quasi-experimental evaluation of a tech-enabled social franchising and social marketing platform in India.
BMC public health 2024 Patil SR, Gopalakrishnan L, Sai VS, Matikanya R, Rajpal P -
Preliminary impact of an mHealth education and social support intervention on maternal health knowledge and outcomes among postpartum mothers in Punjab, India.
Research square 2023 El Ayadi AM, Diamond-Smith NG, Duggal M, Singh P, Sharma P, Kaur J, Gopalakrishnan L, Gill N, Singh G, Ahuja A, Kumar V, Weil L, Bagga R -
The Role of Gender Norms on Intimate Partner Violence Among Newly Married Adolescent Girls and Young Women in India: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis.
Violence against women 2023 Gopalakrishnan L, Bertozzi S, Bradshaw P, Deardorff J, Shakya Baker H, Rabe-Hesketh S -
Role of marriage, motherhood, son preference on adolescent girls' and young women's empowerment: Evidence from a panel study in India.
PloS one 2023 Gopalakrishnan L, Bertozzi S, Rabe-Hesketh S -
The relationship between the gendered norm of eating last and mental health of newly married women in Nepal: A longitudinal study.
Maternal & child nutrition 2023 Gopalakrishnan L, Diamond-Smith N, Acharya B, Puri M, Bertozzi SM -
Exploratory qualitative study examining acceptability of strategies to improve access to substance use treatment and HIV prevention services for young adults on probation in Ukraine.
BMJ open 2022 Dauria E, Skipalska H, Gopalakrishnan L, Savenko O, Sabadash L, Tolou-Shams M, Flanigan T, Navario P, Castillo TP -
Barriers to maternal and reproductive health care in India due to COVID-19
Advances in Global Health 2022 Diamond-Smith N, Gopalakrishnan L, Gutierrez S, Francis S, Saikia N, Patil S -
Can digitally enabling community health and nutrition workers improve services delivery to pregnant women and mothers of infants? Quasi-experimental evidence from a national-scale nutrition programme in India.
BMJ global health 2022 Patil SR, Nimmagadda S, Gopalakrishnan L, Avula R, Bajaj S, Diamond-Smith N, Paul A, Fernald L, Menon P, Walker D -
Epidemiology and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kerala, India, 2020-2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Tropical medicine and infectious disease 2022 Jaya AM, Harries AD, Rahman A, Khogali M, Chinnakali P, Gopalakrishnan LG, Pillai MN -
The development and feasibility of a group-based household-level intervention to improve preconception nutrition in Nawalparasi district of Nepal.
BMC public health 2022 Diamond-Smith N, Mitchell A, Cornell A, Dahal M, Gopalakrishnan L, Johnson M, Weiser S, Puri M -
Is respectful care provided by community health workers associated with infant feeding practices? A cross sectional analysis from India.
BMC health services research 2022 Diamond-Smith N, Gopalakrishnan L, Walker D, Fernald L, Menon P, Patil S -
Bringing juvenile justice and public health systems together to meet the sexual and reproductive health needs of justice-involved youth.
The American journal of orthopsychiatry 2022 Tolou-Shams M, Dauria EF, Rosen RK, Clark MA, Spetz J, Levine A, Marshall BDL, Folk JB, Gopalakrishnan L, Nunn A, project emPOWER’D expert consultant panel -
Association between supportive supervision and performance of community health workers in India: a longitudinal multi-level analysis.
Human resources for health 2021 Gopalakrishnan L, Diamond-Smith N, Avula R, Menon P, Fernald L, Walker D, Patil S -
The Ethical Implications of Using Social Media to Engage and Retain Justice-Involved Youth in Behavioral Health Research.
Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE 2021 Rodriguez CA, Gopalakrishnan L, Del Cid M, Folk JB, Yonek J, Tolou-Shams M -
Anganwadi worker time use in Madhya Pradesh, India: a cross-sectional study.
BMC health services research 2020 Jain A, Walker DM, Avula R, Diamond-Smith N, Gopalakrishnan L, Menon P, Nimmagadda S, Patil SR, Fernald LCH -
Using mHealth to improve health care delivery in India: A qualitative examination of the perspectives of community health workers and beneficiaries.
PloS one 2020 Gopalakrishnan L, Buback L, Fernald L, Walker D, Diamond-Smith N, in addition to The CAS Evaluation Consortium -
The Prospective Impact of Family Functioning and Parenting Practices on Court-Involved Youth's Substance Use and Delinquent Behavior.
Journal of youth and adolescence 2019 Folk JB, Brown LK, Marshall BDL, Ramos LMC, Gopalakrishnan L, Koinis-Mitchell D, Tolou-Shams M -
Effects of an mHealth intervention for community health workers on maternal and child nutrition and health service delivery in India: protocol for a quasi-experimental mixed-methods evaluation.
BMJ open 2019 Nimmagadda S, Gopalakrishnan L, Avula R, Dhar D, Diamond-Smith N, Fernald L, Jain A, Mani S, Menon P, Nguyen PH, Park H, Patil SR, Singh P, Walker D -
Lead exposure and visual-motor abilities in children from Chennai, India.
Neurotoxicology 2011 Palaniappan K, Roy A, Balakrishnan K, Gopalakrishnan L, Mukherjee B, Hu H, Bellinger DC