Kelly Knight, PhD
Professor
Humanities & Social Sciences
School of Medicine

Research Interests: The social construction and experience of addiction; Co-morbidity (HIV, substance abuse, mental illness), homelessness, and US urban health; Chronic non-cancer pain, clinical uncertainty, and scientific evidence; Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bi-polar disorder, and the US welfare state; Gender, reproduction, motherhood and citizenship.

Awards

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• Bridges Curriculum Teaching Award: Excellence in Innovative Teaching Modalities, UCSF School of Medicine, 2018
• Foundation for the Sociology of Health and Illness Book Award, British Sociological Association, 2016
• Honorable Mention, Eileen Basker Memorial Prize, Society for Medical Anthropology, 2016
• Finalist (5/94), C. Wright Mills Award, Society for the Study of Social Problems, 2015
• Chancellor’s Graduate Research Fellowship, UCSF, 2008

Education & Training

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• Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training University of California 2017
• PhD Graduate Division (Medical Anthropology) University of California, San Francisco 2010
• EdM Human Development and Psychology Harvard University 1993
• BA Philosophy, Psychology, Theology Georgetown University 1991

Websites

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• addicted.pregnant.poor (dukeupress.edu)
• Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative (homelessness.ucsf.edu)
• STRUCTURAL COMPETENCY NEW MEDICINE FOR INEQUALITIES THAT ARE MAKING US SICK (structuralcompetency.org)

Grants and Projects

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• Longitudinal Qualitative Study of Fentanyl-Stimulant Polysubstance Use Among People Experiencing Homelessness, NIH/NIDA, 2022-2027
• Addiction Care Team's San Francisco General Hospital Harm Reduction Program (ACT-SHARP), UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center (PARC), 2022-2023
• Expanding Access to Buprenorphine Treatment among Homeless Persons with Opioid Use Disorder, NIH/NIDA, 2020-2022
• Evaluation of SRO Overdose Prevention Project, San Francisco Dept. of Public Health, 2021-2022
• Examining the Consequences of Reductions in Opioid Prescribing on Patients, Clinical Care, and Community Health, NIH, 2017-2022
• Qualitative Study of COVID-19 Substance use Disorder (SUD) Treatment Rules (CMOUD), California Health Care Foundation, 2020-2021
• Cohort Study of Opioids, Pain, and Safety in an era of Changing Policy (COPING), NIH/NIDA, 2016-2021
• Family-assisted Housing for Older Homeless Adults, NIH, 2015-2021
• California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness, BHHI, California HealthCare Foundation, Blue Shield California, 2020
• Pain Management in the Clinic & Community, NIH, 2013-2017

Publications (80)

Top publication keywords:
Drug OverdoseSterilization, InvoluntaryOpioid-Related DisordersBuprenorphineSubstance-Related DisordersSubstance Abuse, IntravenousMethadoneOpiate Substitution TreatmentSafety-net ProvidersAnalgesics, OpioidChronic PainQualitative ResearchHousingQuarantineDrug Users

• Withdrawal during outpatient low dose buprenorphine initiation in people who use fentanyl: a retrospective cohort study.
  Harm reduction journal 2024 Jones BLH, Geier M, Neuhaus J, Coffin PO, Snyder HR, Soran CS, Knight KR, Suen LW
• Radical hospitality: Innovative programming to build community and meet the needs of people who use drugs at a government-sanctioned overdose prevention site in San Francisco, California.
  The International journal on drug policy 2024 Wenger LD, Morris T, Knight KR, Megerian CE, Davidson PJ, Suen LW, Majano V, Lambdin BH, Kral AH
• Prenatal Opioid Use Disorder Treatment-the Importance of Shared Decision-Making.
  JAMA internal medicine 2024 Nguemeni Tiako MJ, Knight KR, Schiff DM
• Loneliness among homeless-experienced older adults with cognitive or functional impairments: qualitative findings from the HOPE HOME study.
  BMC public health 2024 Yuan Y, Knight KR, Weeks J, King S, Olsen P, Kushel M
• Patient and Staff Perspectives on the Impacts and Challenges of Hospital-Based Harm Reduction.
  JAMA network open 2024 Fraimow-Wong L, Martín M, Thomas L, Giuliano R, Nguyen OK, Knight K, Suen LW

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• Using alone at home: What's missing in housing-based responses to the overdose crisis?
  Harm reduction journal 2024 Fleming T, Boyd J, Chayama KL, Knight KR, McNeil R
• The Clinical Evolutions of Surveillance and Violence During Three Contemporary US Crises: Opioid Overdose, COVID-19, and Racial Reckoning.
  Culture, medicine and psychiatry 2024 Knight KR
• The IMPACT (Infection Management Plus Addiction Care Together) Pilot: A Case Series of Combined Contingency Management for Substance Use Disorders and Antibiotic Adherence in the Hospital Setting.
  Journal of addiction medicine 2023 Appa A, Baral S, Stein B, Knight K, Gandhi M, Coffin P, Martin M
• Loneliness among older adults who have experienced homelessness: qualitative findings from the HOPE HOME study.
  Research square 2023 Yuan Y, Knight KR, Weeks J, King S, Olsen P, Kushel M
• "Get in and get out, get on with life": Patient and provider perspectives on methadone van implementation for opioid use disorder treatment.
  The International journal on drug policy 2023 Suen LW, Steiger S, Shapiro B, Castellanos S, Joshi N, Lambdin BH, Knight KR
• Accounting for the interplay of interpersonal and structural trauma in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain, opioid use disorder, and mental health in urban safety-net primary care clinics.
  SSM. Mental health 2023 Castellanos S, Cooke A, Koenders S, Joshi N, Miaskowski C, Kushel M, Knight KR
• The intersection of drug use discrimination and racial discrimination in the management of chronic non-cancer pain in United States primary care safety-net clinics: Implications for healthcare system and clinic-level changes.
  Drug and alcohol dependence 2023 Cooke A, Castellanos S, Koenders S, Joshi N, Enriquez C, Olsen P, Miaskowski C, Kushel M, Knight KR
• Rethinking urban-rural designations in public health surveillance of the overdose crisis and crafting an agenda for future monitoring.
  The International journal on drug policy 2023 Textor L, Friedman J, Bourgois P, Aronowitz S, Simon C, Jauffret-Roustide M, Namirembe S, Brothers S, McNeil R, Knight KR, Hansen H
• Saving lives in our homes: Qualitative evaluation of a tenant overdose response program in supportive, single-room occupancy (SRO) housing.
  The International journal on drug policy 2023 Olding M, Joshi N, Castellanos S, Valadao E, Hall L, Guzman L, Knight K
• "It's no foundation, there's no stabilization, you're just scattered": A qualitative study of the institutional circuit of recently-evicted people who use drugs.
  Social science & medicine (1982) 2023 Fleming T, Collins AB, Boyd J, Knight KR, McNeil R
• Telehealth for management of chronic non-cancer pain and opioid use disorder in safety net primary care.
  BMC health services research 2023 Cooke A, Castellanos S, Enriquez C, Olsen P, Miaskowski C, Kushel M, Knight KR
• Substance use policy and practice in the COVID-19 pandemic: Learning from early pandemic responses through internationally comparative field data.
  Global public health 2023 Aronowitz SV, Carroll JJ, Hansen H, Jauffret-Roustide M, Parker CM, Suhail-Sindhu S, Albizu-Garcia C, Alegria M, Arrendondo J, Baldacchino A, Bluthenthal R, Bourgois P, Burraway J, Chen JS, Ekhtiari H…
• Health Impact of Street Sweeps from the Perspective of Healthcare Providers.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2022 Qi D, Abri K, Mukherjee MR, Rosenwohl-Mack A, Khoeur L, Barnard L, Knight KR
• Federal and State Regulatory Changes to Methadone Take-Home Doses: Impact of Sociostructural Factors.
  American journal of public health 2022 Wyatt JP, Suen LW, Coe WH, Adams ZM, Gandhi M, Batchelor HM, Castellanos S, Joshi N, Satterwhite S, Pérez-Rodríguez R, Rodríguez-Guerra E, Albizu-Garcia CE, Knight KR, Jordan A
• Structural Adaptations to Methadone Maintenance Treatment and Take-Home Dosing for Opioid Use Disorder in the Era of COVID-19.
  American journal of public health 2022 Suen LW, Coe WH, Wyatt JP, Adams ZM, Gandhi M, Batchelor HM, Castellanos S, Joshi N, Satterwhite S, Pérez-Rodríguez R, Rodríguez-Guerra E, Albizu-Garcia CE, Knight KR, Jordan A
• Barriers and Facilitators to Resolving Older Adult Homelessness through Stays with Family: Qualitative findings from the HOPE HOME Study.
  Journal of social distress and the homeless 2022 Cai C, Knight KR, Olsen P, Weeks J, Handley MA, Kushel MB
• "I wanted something that was more flexible": A qualitative study of patient preferences on choosing buprenorphine over methadone in a large, safety-net hospital opioid treatment program.
  Substance abuse 2022 Checkley L, Steiger S, Knight KR
• "The idea is to help people achieve greater success and liberty": A qualitative study of expanded methadone take-home access in opioid use disorder treatment.
  Substance abuse 2022 Suen LW, Castellanos S, Joshi N, Satterwhite S, Knight KR
• Ground-Truthing the Experiences of Homeless Older Adults' Recent Stays with Family and Friends: A Case Study of Participatory Data Analysis.
  Journal of health care for the poor and underserved 2022 Handley MA, Kushel M, Weeks J, Olsen P, Castillo J, Knight KR
• Factors Associated with Pain Treatment Satisfaction Among Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain and Substance Use.
  Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM 2021 Suen LW, McMahan VM, Rowe C, Bhardwaj S, Knight K, Kushel MB, Santos GM, Coffin P
• COVID-19 Testing and Vaccine Acceptability Among Homeless-Experienced Adults: Qualitative Data from Two Samples.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2021 Knight KR, Duke MR, Carey CA, Pruss G, Garcia CM, Lightfoot M, Imbert E, Kushel M
• Temporary stays with housed family and friends among older adults experiencing homelessness: Qualitative findings from the HOPE HOME study.
  Qualitative social work : QSW : research and practice 2021 Knight KR, Weiser J, Handley MA, Olsen P, Weeks J, Kushel M
• Race, pain, and opioids among patients with chronic pain in a safety-net health system.
  Drug and alcohol dependence 2021 Haq N, McMahan VM, Torres A, Santos GM, Knight K, Kushel M, Coffin PO
• COVID-19: A catalyst for change in telehealth service delivery for opioid use disorder management.
  Substance abuse 2021 Mehtani NJ, Ristau JT, Snyder H, Surlyn C, Eveland J, Smith-Bernardin S, Knight KR
• Responding to the Opioid Epidemic: Educational Competencies for Pain and Substance Use Disorder from the Medical Schools of the University of California.
  Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) 2021 Servis M, Fishman SM, Wallace MS, Henry SG, Ziedonis D, Ciccarone D, Knight KR, Shoptaw S, Dowling P, Suchard JR, Shah S, Singh N, Cedarquist LC, Alem N, Copenhaver DJ, Westervelt M, Willis BC
• Structural competency and global health education.
  Global public health 2020 Harvey M, Neff J, Knight KR, Mukherjee JS, Shamasunder S, Le PV, Tittle R, Jain Y, Carrasco H, Bernal-Serrano D, Goronga T, Holmes SM
• Beyond a Moment - Reckoning with Our History and Embracing Antiracism in Medicine.
  The New England journal of medicine 2020 Paul DW, Knight KR, Campbell A, Aronson L
• "Chasing the pain relief, not the high": Experiences managing pain after opioid reductions among patients with HIV and a history of substance use.
  PloS one 2020 Behar E, Bagnulo R, Knight K, Santos GM, Coffin PO
• Structural Competency: Curriculum for Medical Students, Residents, and Interprofessional Teams on the Structural Factors That Produce Health Disparities.
  MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources 2020 Neff J, Holmes SM, Knight KR, Strong S, Thompson-Lastad A, McGuinness C, Duncan L, Saxena N, Harvey MJ, Langford A, Carey-Simms KL, Minahan SN, Satterwhite S, Ruppel C, Lee S, Walkover L, De Avila J, …
• "We Really Help, Taking Care of Each Other": Older Homeless Adults as Caregivers.
  Gerontology & geriatric medicine 2019 Rosenwohl-Mack S, Kushel M, Ramsey C, Handley M, Knight KR
• Racial Discrimination in the Life Course of Older Adults Experiencing Homelessness: Results from the HOPE HOME Study.
  Journal of social distress and the homeless 2019 Paul DW, Knight KR, Olsen P, Weeks J, Yen IH, Kushel MB
• Reproductive (In)justice - Two Patients with Avoidable Poor Reproductive Outcomes.
  The New England journal of medicine 2019 Knight KR, Duncan LG, Szilvasi M, Premkumar A, Matache M, Jackson A
• Vulnerable Patients' Psychosocial Experiences in a Group-Based, Integrative Pain Management Program.
  Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) 2019 Bruns EB, Befus D, Wismer B, Knight K, Adler SR, Leonoudakis-Watts K, Thompson-Lastad A, Chao MT
• Sources and Impact of Time Pressure on Opioid Management in the Safety-Net.
  Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM 2019 Satterwhite S, Knight KR, Miaskowski C, Chang JS, Ceasar R, Zamora K, Kushel M
• “Reflections on the Intersection of Student Activism and Structural Competency Training in a New Medical School Curriculum”
  Structural Competency in Mental Health and Medicine: A Case-Based Approach to Treating the Social Determinants of Health, edited by Metzl and Hansen. 2019 Donald C; Fernandez F; Hsiang E; Mesina, O; Rosenwohl-Mack S; Medeiros A; Knight KR
• “The Structural Competency Working Group: Lessons from Iterative, Interdisciplinary Development of a Structural Competency Training Module”
  Structural Competency in Mental Health and Medicine: A Case-Based Approach to Treating the Social Determinants of Health, edited by Metzl and Hansen. 2019 Neff J; Holmes S; Strong S; Chin G; De Avila J; Dubal S; Duncan L; Halpern J; Harvey M; Knight KR; Lemay E; Lewis B; Matthews J; Nelson N; Satterwhite S; Thompson-Lastad A; Walkover L
• Patients' and clinicians' perspectives of co-use of cannabis and opioids for chronic non-cancer pain management in primary care.
  The International journal on drug policy 2018 Cooke AC, Knight KR, Miaskowski C
• Women on the Edge: Opioids, Benzodiazepines, and the Social Anxieties Surrounding Women's Reproduction in the U.S. "Opioid Epidemic".
  Contemporary drug problems 2017 Knight KR
• Opioid pharmacovigilance: A clinical-social history of the changes in opioid prescribing for patients with co-occurring chronic non-cancer pain and substance use.
  Social science & medicine (1982) 2017 Knight KR, Kushel M, Chang JS, Zamora K, Ceasar R, Hurstak E, Miaskowski C
• The risks of opioid treatment: Perspectives of primary care practitioners and patients from safety-net clinics.
  Substance abuse 2017 Hurstak EE, Kushel M, Chang J, Ceasar R, Zamora K, Miaskowski C, Knight K
• Teaching Structure: A Qualitative Evaluation of a Structural Competency Training for Resident Physicians.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2016 Neff J, Knight KR, Satterwhite S, Nelson N, Matthews J, Holmes SM
• Provider Experiences With the Identification, Management, and Treatment of Co-occurring Chronic Noncancer Pain and Substance Use in the Safety Net.
  Substance use & misuse 2016 Chang JS, Kushel M, Miaskowski C, Ceasar R, Zamora K, Hurstak E, Knight KR
• Primary care providers' experiences with urine toxicology tests to manage prescription opioid misuse and substance use among chronic noncancer pain patients in safety net health care settings.
  Substance abuse 2016 Ceasar R, Chang J, Zamora K, Hurstak E, Kushel M, Miaskowski C, Knight K
• addicted.pregnant.poor. Duke University Press
  addicted.pregnant.poor. Duke University Press. 2015 Knight, KR
• Risk factors for stimulant use among homeless and unstably housed adult women.
  Drug and alcohol dependence 2015 Riley ED, Shumway M, Knight KR, Guzman D, Cohen J, Weiser SD
• Syndemic vulnerability, sexual and injection risk behaviors, and HIV continuum of care outcomes in HIV-positive injection drug users.
  AIDS and behavior 2015 Mizuno Y, Purcell DW, Knowlton AR, Wilkinson JD, Gourevitch MN, Knight KR
• Recent violence in a community-based sample of homeless and unstably housed women with high levels of psychiatric comorbidity.
  American journal of public health 2014 Riley ED, Cohen J, Knight KR, Decker A, Marson K, Shumway M
• A roadmap for adapting an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention: personal cognitive counseling (PCC) for episodic substance-using men who have sex with men.
  Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research 2014 Knight KR, Das M, DeMicco E, Raiford JL, Matheson T, Shook A, Antunez E, Santos GM, Dadasovich R, Dilley JW, Colfax GN, Herbst JH
• Single room occupancy (SRO) hotels as mental health risk environments among impoverished women: the intersection of policy, drug use, trauma, and urban space.
  The International journal on drug policy 2013 Knight KR, Lopez AM, Comfort M, Shumway M, Cohen J, Riley ED
• Agents of change: peer mentorship as HIV prevention among HIV-positive injection drug users.
  Substance use & misuse 2012 Mackenzie S, Pearson C, Frye V, Gómez CA, Latka MH, Purcell DW, Knowlton AR, Metsch LR, Tobin KE, Valverde EE, Knight KR
• San Francisco and the Biomedicalization of Poverty
  American Ethnological Society Section. Anthropology News. 2012 Knight, KR
• The public life of sex work: risk, politics, and public health
  Western Humanities Review 2012 Knight, KR
• HIV intervention for providers study: a randomized controlled trial of a clinician-delivered HIV risk-reduction intervention for HIV-positive people.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2010 Rose CD, Courtenay-Quirk C, Knight K, Shade SB, Vittinghoff E, Gomez C, Lum PJ, Bacon O, Colfax G
• Predictors of sharing injection equipment by HIV-seropositive injection drug users.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2008 Latkin CA, Buchanan AS, Metsch LR, Knight K, Latka MH, Mizuno Y, Knowlton AR, Intervention for Seropositive Injectors--Research Evaluation Team
• Predictors of current housing status among HIV-seropositive injection drug users (IDUs): results from a 1-year study.
  AIDS and behavior 2008 Mizuno Y, Purcell DW, Zhang J, Knowlton AR, De Varona M, Arnsten JH, Knight KR
• Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence and medication errors among HIV-infected injection drug users.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2007 Arnsten JH, Li X, Mizuno Y, Knowlton AR, Gourevitch MN, Handley K, Knight KR, Metsch LR, INSPIRE Study Team
• Intimate partner violence perpetration against main female partners among HIV-positive male injection drug users.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2007 Frye V, Latka MH, Wu Y, Valverde EE, Knowlton AR, Knight KR, Arnsten JH, O'Leary A, INSPIRE Study Team
• Results from a randomized controlled trial of a peer-mentoring intervention to reduce HIV transmission and increase access to care and adherence to HIV medications among HIV-seropositive injection drug users.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2007 Purcell DW, Latka MH, Metsch LR, Latkin CA, Gómez CA, Mizuno Y, Arnsten JH, Wilkinson JD, Knight KR, Knowlton AR, Santibanez S, Tobin KE, Rose CD, Valverde EE, Gourevitch MN, Eldred L, Borkowf CB, …
• Sexual transmission risk behavior reported among behaviorally bisexual HIV-positive injection drug-using men.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2007 Knight KR, Shade SB, Purcell DW, Rose CD, Metsch LR, Latka MH, Latkin CA, Gómez CA, INSPIRE Study Team
• Unprotected sexual behavior among heterosexual HIV-positive injection drug using men: associations by partner type and partner serostatus.
  Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 2006 Purcell DW, Mizuno Y, Metsch LR, Garfein R, Tobin K, Knight K, Latka MH
• Split Ends: Masculinity, sexuality and emotional intimacy among HIV-positive heterosexual men. Men and Masculinities 8:309-320
  Split Ends: Masculinity, sexuality and emotional intimacy among HIV-positive heterosexual men. Men and Masculinities 8:309-320. 2006 Missildine, W., Parsons, J.T., Knight, KR
• "You cannot do nothing in this damn place": sex and intimacy among couples with an incarcerated male partner.
  Journal of sex research 2005 Comfort M, Grinstead O, McCartney K, Bourgois P, Knight K
• Sexual risk taking among HIV-positive injection drug users: contexts, characteristics, and implications for prevention.
  AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education 2005 Knight KR, Purcell D, Dawson-Rose C, Halkitis PN, Gomez CA, Seropositive Urban Injectors Study Team
• The Health Care Experience of HIV Positive Injection Drug Users. Journal of Multicultural Nursing and Health, 11(1): 23-30
  The Health Care Experience of HIV Positive Injection Drug Users. Journal of Multicultural Nursing and Health, 11(1): 23-30. 2005 Dawson Rose, C.S., Shade, S.B., Lum, P.J., Knight, K.R., Purcell, D.P., & Parsons, J.
• With a little help from my friends: community affiliation and social support among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men
  HIV + sex: The psychological and interpersonal dynamics of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men's relationships. Halkitis, P.N., Gomez, C., & Wolitski, R. APA Press 2005 Knight, KR.
• The life priorities of HIV-seropositive injection drug users: findings from a community-based sample.
  AIDS and behavior 2003 Mizuno Y, Purcell D, Borkowski TM, Knight K, SUDIS Team
• Drug users talk about HIV testing: motivating and deterring factors.
  AIDS care 2001 Downing M, Knight K, Reiss TH, Vernon K, Mulia N, Ferreboeuf M, Carroll A, Vu C
• "I don't know when it might pop up": understanding repeat HIV testing and perceptions of HIV among drug users.
  Journal of substance abuse 2001 Vernon KA, Mulia N, Downing M, Knight K, Riess T
• Voices from the field: providers discuss HIV counseling and testing programs for drug users.
  AIDS & public policy journal 2000 Downing M, Mulia N, Vernon K, Knight K, Ferreboeuf M, Carroll A
• This is my story: a descriptive analysis of a peer education HIV/STD risk reduction program for women living in housing developments.
  AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education 1999 Downing M, Knight KR, Vernon KA, Seigel S, Ajaniku I, Acosta PS, Thomas L, Porter S
• Managing HIV among serodiscordant heterosexual couples: serostatus, stigma and sex.
  AIDS care 1998 van der Straten A, Vernon KA, Knight KR, Gómez CA, Padian NS
• Defunding the poor: the impact of lost access to subsidized methadone maintenance treatment on women injection drug users. Journal of Drug Issues. 26(4): 923-942
  Defunding the poor: the impact of lost access to subsidized methadone maintenance treatment on women injection drug users. Journal of Drug Issues. 26(4): 923-942. 1996 Knight, K.R.; Rosenbaum, M.; Kelley, M.S.; Irwin, J.; Washburn, A.; Wenger, L.
• Involuntary verses voluntary detoxification from methadone maintenance treatment: the importance of choice. Addiction Research 3(4): 351-362
  Involuntary verses voluntary detoxification from methadone maintenance treatment: the importance of choice. Addiction Research 3(4): 351-362. 1996 Knight, K.R.; Rosenbaum, M.; Irwin, J.; Kelley, M.S.; Wenger, L.; Washburn, A.
• Methadone maintenance: treatment as harm reduction, defunding as harm maximization. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 28(3)
  Methadone maintenance: treatment as harm reduction, defunding as harm maximization. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 28(3). 1996 Rosenbaum, M.; Washburn, A.; Knight, K.R.; Kelley, M.S.; Irwin, J
• Violence: a barrier to methadone maintenance treatment for women injection drug users. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 16(5): 143-164
  Violence: a barrier to methadone maintenance treatment for women injection drug users. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 16(5): 143-164. 1996 Kelley, M.S.; Rosenbaum, M.; Knight, K.R.; Irwin, J.; Washburn, A.