Katsuto Shinohara, MD
Professor
Urology
School of Medicine

Shinohara earned his medical degree from Yokohama City University School of Medicine in Yokohama, Japan. He completed a residency in general surgery at Mitsui Memorial Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, and a residency in urology at Kitasato University Hospital in Sagamihara, Japan. He then completed a fellowship in urologic oncology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.

Shinohara is a member of numerous professional societies, including the Japanese Urological Association, Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American Urological Association and Engineering & Urology Society. He has lectured widely on urologic cancer, and his work has been published in numerous medical and scientific journals.

• Stability of Prognostic Estimation Using the CAPRA Score Incorporating Imaging-based vs Physical Exam-based Staging.
  The Journal of urology 2023 Chang K, Greenberg SA, Cowan JE, Parker R, Shee K, Washington SL, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Cooperberg MR
• Limited Relevance of the Very Low Risk Prostate Cancer Classification in the Modern Era: Results from a Large Institutional Active Surveillance Cohort.
  European urology 2023 Shee K, Cowan JE, Balakrishnan A, Escobar D, Chang K, Washington SL, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR
• Improving multiparametric MR-transrectal ultrasound guided fusion prostate biopsies with hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate metabolic imaging: A technical development study.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2022 Chen HY, Bok RA, Cooperberg MR, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC, Wang ZJ, Ohliger MA, Gebrezgiabhier D, Carvajal L, Gordon JW, Larson PEZ, Aggarwal R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB
• Medium Term Outcomes of Focal Cryoablation for Intermediate and High Risk Prostate Cancer: MRI and PSA are Not Predictive of Residual or Recurrent Disease.
  Urologic oncology 2022 Baskin A, Charondo LB, Balakrishnan A, Cowan JE, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR, Nguyen H, Shinohara K
• Patient engagement in a mobile health intervention to improve preparedness for prostate biopsy.
  Urologic oncology 2022 Balakrishnan AS, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Odisho AY
• US lesion visibility predicts clinically significant upgrade of prostate cancer by systematic biopsy.
  Abdominal radiology (New York) 2022 Velarde N, Westphalen AC, Nguyen HG, Neuhaus J, Shinohara K, Simko JP, Larson PE, Magudia K
• The Natural History of Untreated Biopsy Grade Group Progression and Delayed Definitive Treatment for Men on Active Surveillance for Early-Stage Prostate Cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2022 Chappidi MR, Bell A, Cowan JE, Greenberg SA, Lonergan PE, Washington SL, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR
• Salvage High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Definitive Radiation.
  Practical radiation oncology 2021 Wu SY, Wong AC, Shinohara K, Roach M, Cunha JAM, Valdes G, Hsu IC
• Diagnostic Accuracy and Prognostic Value of Serial Prostate Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.
  European urology oncology 2021 Chu CE, Cowan JE, Lonergan PE, Washington SL, Fasulo V, de la Calle CM, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC, Carroll PR
• Long-Term Results of NRG Oncology/RTOG 0321: A Phase II Trial of Combined High Dose Rate Brachytherapy and External Beam Radiation Therapy for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2020 Hsu IC, Rodgers JP, Shinohara K, Purdy J, Michalski J, Roach M, Vigneault E, Ivker RA, Pryzant RM, Kuettel M, Taussky D, Gustafson GS, Raben A, Sandler HM
• Characteristics of Cancer Progression on Serial Biopsy in Men on Active Surveillance for Early-stage Prostate Cancer: Implications for Focal Therapy.
  European urology oncology 2020 Fasulo V, Cowan JE, Maggi M, Washington SL, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Lazzeri M, Casale P, Carroll PR
• Reply by Authors.
  The Journal of urology 2020 Lonergan PE, Washington SL, Cowan JE, Zhao S, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR
• Clinical Utility of 4Kscore®, ExosomeDx™ and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Early Detection of High Grade Prostate Cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2020 de la Calle CM, Fasulo V, Cowan JE, Lonergan PE, Maggi M, Gadzinski AJ, Yeung RA, Saita A, Cooperberg MR, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Nguyen HG
• How Often Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detect Prostate Cancer Missed by Transrectal Ultrasound?
  European urology focus 2020 Herlemann A, Overland MR, Washington SL, Cowan JE, Westphalen AC, Carroll PR, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Cooperberg MR
• Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Alone is Insufficient to Detect Grade Reclassification in Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.
  European urology 2020 Chu CE, Lonergan PE, Washington SL, Cowan JE, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC, Carroll PR, Cooperberg MR
• Risk Factors for Biopsy Reclassification over Time in Men on Active Surveillance for Early Stage Prostate Cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2020 Lonergan PE, Washington SL, Cowan JE, Zhao S, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR
• MRI-Based Prostate-Specific Antigen Density Predicts Gleason Score Upgrade in an Active Surveillance Cohort.
  AJR. American journal of roentgenology 2020 Washington SL, Baskin AS, Ameli N, Nguyen HG, Westphalen AC, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• A 17-Gene Genomic Prostate Score as a Predictor of Adverse Pathology in Men on Active Surveillance.
  The Journal of urology 2019 Kornberg Z, Cooperberg MR, Cowan JE, Chan JM, Shinohara K, Simko JP, Tenggara I, Carroll PR
• Differences in negative predictive value of prostate MRI based in men with suspected or known cancer.
  Radiologia brasileira 2019 Baghdanian AA, Kim YJ, Baghdanian AH, Nguyen HN, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC
• Evaluating the Safety of Active Surveillance: Outcomes of Deferred Radical Prostatectomy after an Initial Period of Surveillance.
  The Journal of urology 2019 Balakrishnan AS, Cowan JE, Cooperberg MR, Shinohara K, Nguyen HG, Carroll PR
• Detection of clinically signifi cant prostate cancer with PIRADS v2 scores, PSA density, and ADC values in regions with and without mpMRI visible lesions.
  International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology 2019 Westphalen AC, Fazel F, Nguyen H, Cabarrus M, Hanley-Knutson K, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• The use of prostate MR for targeting prostate biopsies.
  BJR open 2019 Kelley RP, Zagoria RJ, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC
• A Mobile Health Intervention for Prostate Biopsy Patients Reduces Appointment Cancellations: Cohort Study.
  Journal of medical Internet research 2019 Balakrishnan AS, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Au Yeung R, Carroll PR, Odisho AY
• Single-fraction brachytherapy as monotherapy for early-stage prostate cancer: The UCSF experience.
  Brachytherapy 2019 Xu MJ, Chen KS, Chang AJ, Lazar A, Shinohara K, Cunha JAM, Hsu IC
• NMR quantification of lactate production and efflux and glutamate fractional enrichment in living human prostate biopsies cultured with [1,6-13 C2 ]glucose.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2019 Bancroft Brown J, Sriram R, VanCriekinge M, Delos Santos R, Sun J, Delos Santos J, Tabatabai ZL, Shinohara K, Nguyen H, Peehl DM, Kurhanewicz J
• Genomic Prostate Score, PI-RADS™ version 2 and Progression in Men with Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance.
  The Journal of urology 2019 Kornberg Z, Cowan JE, Westphalen AC, Cooperberg MR, Chan JM, Zhao S, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Impact of Staging 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET Scans on Radiation Treatment Plansin Patients With Prostate Cancer.
  Urology 2018 Wu SY, Boreta L, Shinohara K, Nguyen H, Gottschalk AR, Hsu IC, Roach M, Westphalen AC, Feng FY, Carroll PR, Chang AJ, Hope TA
• Effects of Initial Gleason Grade on Outcomes during Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.
  European urology oncology 2018 Masic S, Cowan JE, Washington SL, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR
• Improved rectal dosimetry with the use of SpaceOAR during high-dose-rate brachytherapy.
  Brachytherapy 2017 Wu SY, Boreta L, Wu A, Cheung JP, Cunha JAM, Shinohara K, Chang AJ
• Impact of Lesion Visibility on Transrectal Ultrasound on the Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer (Gleason Score 3 + 4 or Greater) with Transrectal Ultrasound-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fusion Biopsy.
  The Journal of urology 2017 Garcia-Reyes K, Nguyen HG, Zagoria RJ, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Behr SC, Westphalen AC
• A novel urethral sparing technique for high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy after transurethral resection of the prostate.
  Brachytherapy 2017 Kunogi H, Cunha JAM, Chang AJ, Gadzinski AJ, Shinohara K, Hsu IC
• Active Surveillance in Younger Men With Prostate Cancer.
  Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2017 Leapman MS, Cowan JE, Nguyen HG, Shinohara KK, Perez N, Cooperberg MR, Catalona WJ, Carroll PR
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy During Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance.
  European urology 2016 Tran GN, Leapman MS, Nguyen HG, Cowan JE, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC, Carroll PR
• Validity of the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Score Derived From Targeted Biopsy: Modeling Evidence From Ultrasound Lesion-Directed Biopsy.
  Clinical genitourinary cancer 2016 Leapman MS, Ameli N, Shinohara K, Nguyen HG, Meng MV, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR
• Quantified Clinical Risk Change as an End Point During Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance.
  European urology 2016 Leapman MS, Ameli N, Cooperberg MR, Chu C, Hussein A, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Serial Anatomical Prostate Ultrasound during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance.
  The Journal of urology 2016 Eltemamy MM, Leapman MS, Cowan JE, Westphalen A, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Long-term Outcomes Following Radiation Therapy For Prostate Cancer Patients With Lymph Node Metastases at Diagnosis Treated With and Without Surgery.
  American journal of clinical oncology 2016 Crehange G, Izaguirre A, Weinberg V, Hsu CC, Gottschalk AR, Hsu IC, Shinohara K, Carroll P, Roach M
• Sentinel lymph node imaging guided IMRT for prostate cancer: Individualized pelvic radiation therapy versus RTOG guidelines.
  Advances in radiation oncology 2015 Chen CP, Johnson J, Seo Y, Weinberg VK, Shinohara K, Hsu IJ, Roach M
• Patient- and treatment-specific predictors of genitourinary function after high-dose-rate monotherapy for favorable prostate cancer.
  Brachytherapy 2015 Raleigh DR, Chang AJ, Tomlin B, Cunha JA, Braunstein SE, Shinohara K, Gottschalk AR, Roach M, Hsu IC
• Immediate versus delayed radical prostatectomy: updated outcomes following active surveillance of prostate cancer.
  European urology 2015 Filippou P, Welty CJ, Cowan JE, Perez N, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Patterns of Local Failure following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2015 Jalloh M, Leapman MS, Cowan JE, Shinohara K, Greene KL, Roach M, Chang AJ, Chan JM, Simko JP, Carroll PR
• Untreated Gleason Grade Progression on Serial Biopsies during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance: Clinical Course and Pathological Outcomes.
  The Journal of urology 2015 Hussein AA, Welty CJ, Ameli N, Cowan JE, Leapman M, Porten SP, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Extended followup and risk factors for disease reclassification in a large active surveillance cohort for localized prostate cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2014 Welty CJ, Cowan JE, Nguyen H, Shinohara K, Perez N, Greene KL, Chan JM, Meng MV, Simko JP, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR
• Pre-plan parameters predict post-implant D90 ≥ 140 Gy for (125)I permanent prostate implants.
  Journal of contemporary brachytherapy 2014 Alexander J, Weinberg V, Gottschalk AR, Hsu IC, Shinohara K, Roach M
• Management of an increasing prostate-specific antigen level after negative prostate biopsy.
  The Urologic clinics of North America 2014 Shinohara K, Nguyen H, Masic S
• Physical activity and prostate gene expression in men with low-risk prostate cancer.
  Cancer causes & control : CCC 2014 Magbanua MJ, Richman EL, Sosa EV, Jones LW, Simko J, Shinohara K, Haqq CM, Carroll PR, Chan JM
• Cold spot mapping inferred from MRI at time of failure predicts biopsy-proven local failure after permanent seed brachytherapy in prostate cancer patients: implications for focal salvage brachytherapy.
  Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 2013 Crehange G, Krishnamurthy D, Cunha JA, Pickett B, Kurhanewicz J, Hsu IC, Gottschalk AR, Shinohara K, Roach M, Pouliot J
• Long-term follow-up of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in men following prostate brachytherapy.
  World journal of urology 2013 Li X, Fang D, Cooperberg MR, Whitson JM, Lue TF, Zhou L, Shinohara K
• Predictors of pathologic progression on biopsy among men on active surveillance for localized prostate cancer: the value of the pattern of surveillance biopsies.
  European urology 2013 Cary KC, Cowan JE, Sanford M, Shinohara K, Perez N, Chan JM, Meng MV, Carroll PR
• The role of metabolic imaging in radiation therapy of prostate cancer.
  NMR in biomedicine 2013 Zhang VY, Westphalen A, Delos Santos L, Tabatabai ZL, Shinohara K, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Salvage HDR brachytherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after previous definitive radiation therapy: 5-year outcomes.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2013 Chen CP, Weinberg V, Shinohara K, Roach M, Nash M, Gottschalk A, Chang AJ, Hsu IC
• Local staging of prostate cancer: comparative accuracy of T2-weighted endorectal MR imaging and transrectal ultrasound.
  Clinical imaging 2012 Jung AJ, Coakley FV, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Kurhanewicz J, Cowan JE, Westphalen AC
• Feasibility of MR imaging/MR spectroscopy-planned focal partial salvage permanent prostate implant (PPI) for localized recurrence after initial PPI for prostate cancer.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2012 Hsu CC, Hsu H, Pickett B, Crehange G, Hsu IC, Dea R, Weinberg V, Gottschalk AR, Kurhanewicz J, Shinohara K, Roach M
• Regional cell proliferation in microdissected human prostate specimens after heavy water labeling in vivo: correlation with prostate epithelial cells isolated from seminal fluid.
  Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2012 Hayes GM, Simko J, Holochwost D, Kuchinsky K, Busch R, Misell L, Murphy EJ, Carroll P, Chan J, Shinohara K, Hellerstein MK
• Comparative analysis of prostate-specific antigen free survival outcomes for patients with low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer treatment by radical therapy. Results from the Prostate Cancer Results Study Group.
  BJU international 2012 Grimm P, Billiet I, Bostwick D, Dicker AP, Frank S, Immerzeel J, Keyes M, Kupelian P, Lee WR, Machtens S, Mayadev J, Moran BJ, Merrick G, Millar J, Roach M, Stock R, Shinohara K, Scholz M, Weber E, …
• Utility of PCA3 in patients undergoing repeat biopsy for prostate cancer.
  Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases 2011 Wu AK, Reese AC, Cooperberg MR, Sadetsky N, Shinohara K
• Changes in cancer volume in serial biopsies of men on active surveillance for early stage prostate cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2011 Porten SP, Whitson JM, Cowan JE, Perez N, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Gene expression and biological pathways in tissue of men with prostate cancer in a randomized clinical trial of lycopene and fish oil supplementation.
  PloS one 2011 Magbanua MJ, Roy R, Sosa EV, Weinberg V, Federman S, Mattie MD, Hughes-Fulford M, Simko J, Shinohara K, Haqq CM, Carroll PR, Chan JM
• Correlation of phospholipid metabolites with prostate cancer pathologic grade, proliferative status and surgical stage - impact of tissue environment.
  NMR in biomedicine 2011 Keshari KR, Tsachres H, Iman R, Delos Santos L, Tabatabai ZL, Shinohara K, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Mapping of lymphatic drainage from the prostate using filtered 99mTc-sulfur nanocolloid and SPECT/CT.
  Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011 Seo Y, Aparici CM, Chen CP, Hsu C, Kased N, Schreck C, Costouros N, Hawkins R, Shinohara K, Roach Iii M
• [Cryosurgery].
  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 2011 Shinohara K
• Changes in prostate cancer grade on serial biopsy in men undergoing active surveillance.
  Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2011 Porten SP, Whitson JM, Cowan JE, Cooperberg MR, Shinohara K, Perez N, Greene KL, Meng MV, Carroll PR
• Surgical management after active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer: pathological outcomes compared with men undergoing immediate treatment.
  BJU international 2011 Dall'Era MA, Cowan JE, Simko J, Shinohara K, Davies B, Konety BR, Meng MV, Perez N, Greene K, Carroll PR
• The relationship between prostate specific antigen change and biopsy progression in patients on active surveillance for prostate cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2011 Whitson JM, Porten SP, Hilton JF, Cowan JE, Perez N, Cooperberg MR, Greene KL, Meng MV, Simko JP, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Stereotactic body radiotherapy as monotherapy or post-external beam radiotherapy boost for prostate cancer: technique, early toxicity, and PSA response.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2010 Jabbari S, Weinberg VK, Kaprealian T, Hsu IC, Ma L, Chuang C, Descovich M, Shiao S, Shinohara K, Roach M, Gottschalk AR
• High-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for prostate cancer: comparison of two different fractionation schemes.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2010 Kaprealian T, Weinberg V, Speight JL, Gottschalk AR, Roach M, Shinohara K, Hsu IC
• Outcomes of active surveillance for men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
  Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2010 Cooperberg MR, Cowan JE, Hilton JF, Reese AC, Zaid HB, Porten SP, Shinohara K, Meng MV, Greene KL, Carroll PR
• Nutritional supplements, COX-2 and IGF-1 expression in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer.
  Cancer causes & control : CCC 2010 Chan JM, Weinberg V, Magbanua MJ, Sosa E, Simko J, Shinohara K, Federman S, Mattie M, Hughes-Fulford M, Haqq C, Carroll PR
• Toward adaptive stereotactic robotic brachytherapy for prostate cancer: demonstration of an adaptive workflow incorporating inverse planning and an MR stealth robot.
  Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy 2010 Cunha JA, Hsu IC, Pouliot J, Roach Iii M, Shinohara K, Kurhanewicz J, Reed G, Stoianovici D
• Prostate cancer managed with active surveillance: role of anatomic MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging.
  Radiology 2010 Fradet V, Kurhanewicz J, Cowan JE, Karl A, Coakley FV, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Phase II trial of combined high-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: preliminary results of RTOG 0321.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2010 Hsu IC, Bae K, Shinohara K, Pouliot J, Purdy J, Ibbott G, Speight J, Vigneault E, Ivker R, Sandler H
• Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2010 Jabbari S, Weinberg VK, Shinohara K, Speight JL, Gottschalk AR, Hsu IC, Pickett B, McLaughlin PW, Sandler HM, Roach M
• Metabolic, pathologic, and genetic analysis of prostate tissues: quantitative evaluation of histopathologic and mRNA integrity after HR-MAS spectroscopy.
  NMR in biomedicine 2009 Santos CF, Kurhanewicz J, Tabatabai ZL, Simko JP, Keshari KR, Gbegnon A, Santos RD, Federman S, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Haqq CM, Swanson MG
• A pretreatment nomogram predicting biochemical failure after salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer.
  BJU international 2009 Spiess PE, Katz AE, Chin JL, Bahn D, Cohen JK, Shinohara K, Hernandez M, Bossier J, Kassouf W, Pisters LL
• The adjunctive use of power Doppler imaging in the preoperative assessment of prostate cancer.
  BJU international 2009 Eisenberg ML, Cowan JE, Carroll PR, Shinohara K
• Pain: easing the pain: local anesthesia for prostate biopsy.
  Nature reviews. Urology 2009 Shinohara K
• Postoperative nomogram predicting the 9-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after permanent prostate brachytherapy using radiation dose as a prognostic variable.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2009 Potters L, Roach M, Davis BJ, Stock RG, Ciezki JP, Zelefsky MJ, Stone NN, Fearn PA, Yu C, Shinohara K, Kattan MW
• Peak flow rate is the best predictor of acute urinary retention following prostate brachytherapy: our experience and literature review.
  International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 2009 Ikeda T, Shinohara K
• High-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate adenocarcinoma post abdominoperineal resection of the rectum and pelvic irradiation: Technique and experience.
  Brachytherapy 2009 Jabbari S, Hsu IC, Kawakami J, Weinberg VK, Speight JL, Gottschalk AR, Roach M, Shinohara K
• The importance of tumor palpability and transrectal ultrasonographic appearance in the contemporary clinical staging of prostate cancer.
  Urologic oncology 2009 Eisenberg ML, Cowan JE, Davies BJ, Carroll PR, Shinohara K
• Salvage permanent perineal radioactive-seed implantation for treating recurrence of localized prostate adenocarcinoma after external beam radiotherapy.
  BJU international 2009 Aaronson DS, Yamasaki I, Gottschalk A, Speight J, Hsu IC, Pickett B, Roach M, Shinohara K
• Re: Residual urinary volume and urinary tract infection--when are they linked?: J. C. Truzzi, F. M. Almeida, E. C. Nunes and M. V. Sadi, J Urol 2008; 180: 182-185.
  The Journal of urology 2008 Breyer BN, Shinohara K
• Best practice statement on cryosurgery for the treatment of localized prostate cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2008 Babaian RJ, Donnelly B, Bahn D, Baust JG, Dineen M, Ellis D, Katz A, Pisters L, Rukstalis D, Shinohara K, Thrasher JB
• Evaluation of lactate and alanine as metabolic biomarkers of prostate cancer using 1H HR-MAS spectroscopy of biopsy tissues.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2008 Tessem MB, Swanson MG, Keshari KR, Albers MJ, Joun D, Tabatabai ZL, Simko JP, Shinohara K, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB, Gribbestad IS, Kurhanewicz J
• Partial salvage cryoablation of the prostate for recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy failure.
  Urology 2008 Eisenberg ML, Shinohara K
• Multicenter analysis of effect of high biologic effective dose on biochemical failure and survival outcomes in patients with Gleason score 7-10 prostate cancer treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2008 Stone NN, Potters L, Davis BJ, Ciezki JP, Zelefsky MJ, Roach M, Shinohara K, Fearn PA, Kattan MW, Stock RG
• Quantification of choline- and ethanolamine-containing metabolites in human prostate tissues using 1H HR-MAS total correlation spectroscopy.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2008 Swanson MG, Keshari KR, Tabatabai ZL, Simko JP, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Zektzer AS, Kurhanewicz J
• Changes in prostate gene expression in men undergoing an intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 Ornish D, Magbanua MJ, Weidner G, Weinberg V, Kemp C, Green C, Mattie MD, Marlin R, Simko J, Shinohara K, Haqq CM, Carroll PR
• Active surveillance for the management of prostate cancer in a contemporary cohort.
  Cancer 2008 Dall'Era MA, Konety BR, Cowan JE, Shinohara K, Stauf F, Cooperberg MR, Meng MV, Kane CJ, Perez N, Master VA, Carroll PR
• Three-dimensional sonography with needle tracking: role in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
  Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2008 Shen F, Shinohara K, Kumar D, Khemka A, Simoneau AR, Werahera PN, Li L, Guo Y, Narayanan R, Wei L, Barqawi A, Crawford ED, Davatzikos C, Suri JS
• Ejaculatory duct manometry in normal men and in patients with ejaculatory duct obstruction.
  The Journal of urology 2008 Eisenberg ML, Walsh TJ, Garcia MM, Shinohara K, Turek PJ
• Prostate cancer: is inapparent tumor at endorectal MR and MR spectroscopic imaging a favorable prognostic finding in patients who select active surveillance?
  Radiology 2008 Cabrera AR, Coakley FV, Westphalen AC, Lu Y, Zhao S, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Kurhanewicz J
• Comparison of prostate and transition zone volume measured by the ellipsoid and planimetric methods with transrectal ultrasonography before seed implantation of prostate cancer.
  International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 2008 Ikeda T, Shinohara K
• Technique for implantation of fiducial markers in the prostate.
  Urology 2008 Shinohara K, Roach M
• Cryotherapy.
  International journal of clinical oncology 2007 Shinohara K
• Positional stability of electromagnetic transponders used for prostate localization and continuous, real-time tracking.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2007 Litzenberg DW, Willoughby TR, Balter JM, Sandler HM, Wei J, Kupelian PA, Cunningham AA, Bock A, Aubin M, Roach M, Shinohara K, Pouliot J
• Daily electronic portal imaging of implanted gold seed fiducials in patients undergoing radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2007 Schiffner DC, Gottschalk AR, Lometti M, Aubin M, Pouliot J, Speight J, Hsu IC, Shinohara K, Roach M
• Feasibility of high-dose-rate brachytherapy salvage for local prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy: the University of California-San Francisco experience.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2006 Lee B, Shinohara K, Weinberg V, Gottschalk AR, Pouliot J, Roach M, Hsu IC
• Improving cancer detection by prostate biopsy: the role of core number and site.
  Nature clinical practice. Urology 2006 Shinohara K
• Quantitative analysis of prostate metabolites using 1H HR-MAS spectroscopy.
  Magnetic resonance in medicine 2006 Swanson MG, Zektzer AS, Tabatabai ZL, Simko J, Jarso S, Keshari KR, Schmitt L, Carroll PR, Shinohara K, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Target localization and real-time tracking using the Calypso 4D localization system in patients with localized prostate cancer.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2006 Willoughby TR, Kupelian PA, Pouliot J, Shinohara K, Aubin M, Roach M, Skrumeda LL, Balter JM, Litzenberg DW, Hadley SW, Wei JT, Sandler HM
• Three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy compared with permanent prostate implantation in low-risk prostate cancer based on endorectal magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and prostate-specific antigen level.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2006 Pickett B, Kurhanewicz J, Pouliot J, Weinberg V, Shinohara K, Coakley F, Roach M
• Saw palmetto for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  The New England journal of medicine 2006 Bent S, Kane C, Shinohara K, Neuhaus J, Hudes ES, Goldberg H, Avins AL
• Local anesthesia during 10 core biopsy of the prostate: comparison of 2 methods.
  The Journal of urology 2005 Mutaguchi K, Shinohara K, Matsubara A, Yasumoto H, Mita K, Usui T
• Combined modality treatment with high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for locally advanced prostate cancer.
  Brachytherapy 2005 Hsu IC, Cabrera AR, Weinberg V, Speight J, Gottschalk AR, Roach M, Shinohara K
• Ferromagnetic thermal ablation of locally recurrent prostate cancer: prostate specific antigen results and immediate/intermediate morbidities.
  The Journal of urology 2004 Master VA, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Use of MRI and spectroscopy in evaluation of external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2004 Pickett B, Kurhanewicz J, Coakley F, Shinohara K, Fein B, Roach M
• Thermal ablation of prostate diseases: advantages and limitations.
  International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group 2004 Shinohara K
• Prostate movement during simulation resulting from retrograde urethrogram compared with "natural" prostate movement.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2004 Liu YM, Ling S, Langen KM, Shinohara K, Weinberg V, Pouliot J, Roach M
• Endorectal MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging for locally recurrent prostate cancer after external beam radiation therapy: preliminary experience.
  Radiology 2004 Coakley FV, Teh HS, Qayyum A, Swanson MG, Lu Y, Roach M, Pickett B, Shinohara K, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J
• Time to metabolic atrophy after permanent prostate seed implantation based on magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2004 Pickett B, Ten Haken RK, Kurhanewicz J, Qayyum A, Shinohara K, Fein B, Roach M
• Daily electronic portal imaging for morbidly obese men undergoing radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2004 Millender LE, Aubin M, Pouliot J, Shinohara K, Roach M
• A prospective comparison of 3 diagnostic methods to evaluate ejaculatory duct obstruction.
  The Journal of urology 2004 Purohit RS, Wu DS, Shinohara K, Turek PJ
• Evaluation of ultrasound-based prostate localization for image-guided radiotherapy.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2003 Langen KM, Pouliot J, Anezinos C, Aubin M, Gottschalk AR, Hsu IC, Lowther D, Liu YM, Shinohara K, Verhey LJ, Weinberg V, Roach M
• Prostate cancer: cryotherapy.
  The Urologic clinics of North America 2003 Shinohara K
• Choosing imaging modality in 2003.
  The Journal of urology 2003 Shinohara K
• The utility of apical anterior horn biopsies in prostate cancer detection.
  Urologic oncology 2003 Meng MV, Franks JH, Presti JC, Shinohara K
• (Non)-migration of radiopaque markers used for on-line localization of the prostate with an electronic portal imaging device.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2003 Pouliot J, Aubin M, Langen KM, Liu YM, Pickett B, Shinohara K, Roach M
• Imaging clinically localized prostate cancer.
  The Urologic clinics of North America 2003 Purohit RS, Shinohara K, Meng MV, Carroll PR
• Significance of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on prostate biopsy.
  Urologic oncology 2003 Meng MV, Shinohara K, Grossfeld GD
• Transperineal prostate biopsy after abdominoperineal resection.
  The Journal of urology 2003 Shinohara K, Gulati M, Koppie T, Terris MK
• Rectal wall recurrence of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
  The Journal of urology 2002 Koppie TM, Grady BP, Shinohara K
• Sextant prostate biopsies predict side and sextant site of extracapsular extension of prostate cancer.
  The Journal of urology 2002 Elliott SP, Shinohara K, Logan SL, Carroll PR
• Prostate cancer detection in men with prior high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical prostate biopsy.
  The Journal of urology 2001 Park S, Shinohara K, Grossfeld GD, Carroll PR
• Prostate volume change after radioactive seed implantation: possible benefit of improved dose volume histogram with perioperative steroid.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2000 Speight JL, Shinohara K, Pickett B, Weinberg VK, Hsu IC, Roach M
• Prospective trial of the herbal supplement PC-SPES in patients with progressive prostate cancer.
  Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2000 Small EJ, Frohlich MW, Bok R, Shinohara K, Grossfeld G, Rozenblat Z, Kelly WK, Corry M, Reese DM
• Additional treatments and reimbursement rates associated with prostate cancer treatment for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, interstitial brachytherapy, and external beam radiotherapy.
  Urology 2000 Goharderakhshan RZ, Grossfeld GD, Kassis A, Shinohara K, Roach M, Carroll PR
• [Cryosurgery].
  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 2000 Shinohara K
• Normal tissue dosimetric comparison between HDR prostate implant boost and conformal external beam radiotherapy boost: potential for dose escalation.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2000 Hsu IC, Pickett B, Shinohara K, Krieg R, Roach M, Phillips T
• The optimal systematic prostate biopsy scheme should include 8 rather than 6 biopsies: results of a prospective clinical trial.
  The Journal of urology 2000 Presti JC, Chang JJ, Bhargava V, Shinohara K
• Number of positive systematic sextant biopsies predicts surgical margin status at radical prostatectomy.
  Urology 1999 Tigrani VS, Bhargava V, Shinohara K, Presti JC
• The efficacy of cryosurgical ablation of prostate cancer: the University of California, San Francisco experience.
  The Journal of urology 1999 Koppie TM, Shinohara K, Grossfeld GD, Presti JC, Carroll PR
• Positive fraction of systematic biopsies predicts risk of relapse after radical prostatectomy.
  Urology 1998 Presti JC, Shinohara K, Bacchetti P, Tigrani V, Bhargava V
• Prospective evaluation of lateral biopsies of the peripheral zone for prostate cancer detection.
  The Journal of urology 1998 Chang JJ, Shinohara K, Bhargava V, Presti JC
• Radiation therapy for the management of biopsy proved local recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
  The Journal of urology 1998 Rogers R, Grossfeld GD, Roach M, Shinohara K, Presti JC, Carroll PR
• Prospective evaluation of systematic sextant transition zone biopsies in large prostates for cancer detection.
  Urology 1998 Chang JJ, Shinohara K, Hovey RM, Montgomery C, Presti JC
• Cryosurgical ablation of prostate cancer: patterns of cancer recurrence.
  The Journal of urology 1997 Shinohara K, Rhee B, Presti JC, Carroll PR
• The effect of cryosurgical ablation of the prostate on erectile function.
  British journal of urology 1997 Aboseif S, Shinohara K, Borirakchanyavat S, Deirmenjian J, Carroll PR
• Cryosurgery for locally advanced (T3) prostate cancer.
  Seminars in urologic oncology 1997 Connolly JA, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Systematic sextant biopsies in the prediction of extracapsular extension at radical prostatectomy.
  Urology 1997 Borirakchanyavat S, Bhargava V, Shinohara K, Toke A, Carroll PR, Presti JC
• Accelerated tumor proliferation rates in locally recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
  The Journal of urology 1997 Connolly JA, Presti JC, Cher ML, Chew K, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Prostate-specific antigen after cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. Defining the appropriate response.
  The Urologic clinics of North America 1997 Connolly JA, Shinohara K, Presti JC, Carroll PR
• Prospective evaluation of prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density in the detection of carcinoma of the prostate: ethnic variations.
  The Journal of urology 1997 Presti JC, Hovey R, Bhargava V, Carroll PR, Shinohara K
• Prediction of focal extracapsular extension at radical prostatectomy: Relative merit of transrectal ultrasound, endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, prostate specific antigen, prostate specific antigen density, and systematic biopsy.
  Urologic oncology 1996 Presti JC, Hricak H, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Prospective evaluation of prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density in the detection of nonpalpable and stage T1C carcinoma of the prostate.
  The Journal of urology 1996 Presti JC, Hovey R, Carroll PR, Shinohara K
• Should cryosurgery be considered a therapeutic option in localized prostate cancer?
  The Urologic clinics of North America 1996 Connolly JA, Shinohara K, Presti JC, Carroll PR
• Detection of locally recurrent prostate cancer after cryosurgery: evaluation by transrectal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and three-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  Urology 1996 Parivar F, Hricak H, Shinohara K, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ, Carroll PR
• Comparison of systematic sextant and lesion directed biopsies in prostate cancer detection.
  Urologic oncology 1996 Seltzer MA, Shinohara K, Bhargava V, Carroll PR, Presti JC
• Prostate cancer: metabolic response to cryosurgery as detected with 3D H-1 MR spectroscopic imaging.
  Radiology 1996 Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Hricak H, Parivar F, Nelson SJ, Shinohara K, Carroll PR
• Cryosurgical treatment of localized prostate cancer (stages T1 to T4): preliminary results.
  The Journal of urology 1996 Shinohara K, Connolly JA, Presti JC, Carroll PR
• Comparison of transrectal ultrasound prostatic volume estimation with magnetic resonance imaging volume estimation and surgical specimen weight in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 1996 Tewari A, Indudhara R, Shinohara K, Schalow E, Woods M, Lee R, Anderson C, Narayan P
• Prostate carcinoma: MR imaging findings after cryosurgery.
  Radiology 1996 Kalbhen CL, Hricak H, Shinohara K, Chen M, Parivar F, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Carroll PR
• Local recurrence after radical prostatectomy: characteristics in size, location, and relationship to prostate-specific antigen and surgical margins.
  Urology 1996 Connolly JA, Shinohara K, Presti JC, Carroll PR
• Transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic nerve blockade eases systematic needle biopsy of the prostate.
  The Journal of urology 1996 Nash PA, Bruce JE, Indudhara R, Shinohara K
• Local staging of prostatic carcinoma: comparison of transrectal sonography and endorectal MR imaging.
  AJR. American journal of roentgenology 1996 Presti JC, Hricak H, Narayan PA, Shinohara K, White S, Carroll PR
• The significance of prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia.
  British journal of urology 1995 Aboseif S, Shinohara K, Weidner N, Narayan P, Carroll PR
• High failure rate associated with long-term follow-up of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation followed by radical prostatectomy for stage C prostatic cancer.
  British journal of urology 1995 Cher ML, Shinohara K, Breslin S, Vapnek J, Carroll PR
• Comparison of prostate specific antigen with prostate specific antigen density for 3 clinical applications.
  The Journal of urology 1994 Shinohara K, Wolf JS, Narayan P, Carroll PR
• Transurethral evaporation of prostate (TUEP) with Nd:YAG laser using a contact free beam technique: results in 61 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  Urology 1994 Narayan P, Fournier G, Indudhara R, Leidich R, Shinohara K, Ingerman A
• Role of penile vascular injury in erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.
  British journal of urology 1994 Aboseif S, Shinohara K, Breza J, Benard F, Narayan P
• Staging accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus transrectal ultrasound in stages A and B prostatic cancer.
  Urologia internationalis 1994 Vapnek JM, Hricak H, Shinohara K, Popovich M, Carroll P
• Selection of patients for laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy prior to radical prostatectomy: a decision analysis.
  Urology 1993 Wolf JS, Shinohara K, Kerlikowske KM, Narayan P, Stoller ML, Carroll PR
• Combined role of transrectal ultrasonography, Gleason score, and prostate-specific antigen in predicting organ-confined prostate cancer.
  Urology 1993 Wolf JS, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Narayan P
• The value of prostate specific antigen and transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy in detecting prostatic fossa recurrences following radical prostatectomy.
  The Journal of urology 1993 Foster LS, Jajodia P, Fournier G, Shinohara K, Carroll P, Narayan P
• Staging of prostate cancer. Accuracy of transrectal ultrasound enhanced by prostate-specific antigen.
  British journal of urology 1992 Wolf JS, Shinohara K, Narayan P