Judy Sakanari, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
School of Pharmacy

Websites

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• Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (pharmchem.ucsf.edu)
• Center for Parasitic Diseases (cpd.ucsf.edu)

Grants and Projects

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• Activating autophagy in filarial worms to identify novel macrofilaricides, , 2020-2022
• Novel Bioorganometallic Drugs to Treat Neglected Tropical Diseases, , 2020-2021
• Novel Therapeutics for Treatment of River Blindness and Lymphatic Filariasis, NIH, 2016-2018
• Developing a macrofilaricidal drug for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2014

Publications (86)

Top publication keywords:
AuranofinLoiasisGerbillinaeOnchocerca volvulusBrugia malayiFilaricidesWolbachiaFilariasisMicrofilariaeOnchocerciasisBrugia pahangiMebendazoleOnchocercaSymbiosisAnthelmintics

• Fexinidazole and Corallopyronin A target Wolbachia-infected sheath cells present in filarial nematodes.
  PLoS pathogens 2025 Chappell L, Peguero R, Conner WR, Fowler S, Cooper BS, Pfarr K, Hoerauf A, Lustigman S, Sakanari J, Sullivan W
• Fexinidazole and Corallopyronin A target Wolbachia-infected sheath cells present in filarial nematodes.
  bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025 Chappell L, Peguero R, Conner WR, Fowler S, Cooper B, Pfarr K, Hoerauf A, Lustigman S, Sakanari J, Sullivan W
• Differential susceptibility of Onchocerca ochengi adult male worms to flubendazole in gerbils and hamsters.
  Parasitology research 2024 Mbah GE, Ayiseh RB, Monya E, Ndi EM, Njotu FN, Kulu TK, Sakanari J, Lustigman S, Cho-Ngwa F
• Repurposed Drugs That Activate Autophagy in Filarial Worms Act as Effective Macrofilaricides.
  Pharmaceutics 2024 Voronin D, Tricoche N, Peguero R, Kaminska AM, Ghedin E, Sakanari JA, Lustigman S
• Antifungal and Antiparasitic Activities of Metallocene-Containing Fluconazole Derivatives.
  ACS infectious diseases 2024 Lin Y, Scalese G, Bulman CA, Vinck R, Blacque O, Paulino M, Ballesteros-Casallas A, Pérez Díaz L, Salinas G, Mitreva M, Weil T, Cariou K, Sakanari JA, Gambino D, Gasser G

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• Combinations of the azaquinazoline anti-Wolbachia agent, AWZ1066S, with benzimidazole anthelmintics synergise to mediate sub-seven-day sterilising and curative efficacies in experimental models of filariasis.
  Frontiers in microbiology 2024 Hegde S, Marriott AE, Pionnier N, Steven A, Bulman C, Gunderson E, Vogel I, Koschel M, Ehrens A, Lustigman S, Voronin D, Tricoche N, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP, Sakanari J, Aljayyoussi G, Gusovsky F, Dagley…
• Uncovering the essential roles of glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 orthologs in Caenorhabditis elegans.
  Bioscience reports 2024 Panska L, Nedvedova S, Vacek V, Krivska D, Konecny L, Knop F, Kutil Z, Skultetyova L, Leontovyc A, Ulrychova L, Sakanari J, Asahina M, Barinka C, Macurkova M, Dvorak J
• Discovery of New Broad-Spectrum Anti-Infectives for Eukaryotic Pathogens Using Bioorganometallic Chemistry.
  Journal of medicinal chemistry 2023 Lin Y, Jung H, Bulman CA, Ng J, Vinck R, O'Beirne C, Zhong S, Moser MS, Tricoche N, Peguero R, Li RW, Urban JF, Le Pape P, Pagniez F, Moretto M, Weil T, Lustigman S, Cariou K, Mitreva M, Sakanari JA, …
• Discovery of New Broad-Spectrum Anti-Infectives for Eukaryotic Pathogens Using Bioorganometallic Chemistry.
  bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2023 Lin Y, Jung H, Bulman CA, Ng J, Vinck R, O'Beirne C, Moser MS, Tricoche N, Peguero R, Li RW, Urban JF, Pape PL, Pagniez F, Moretto M, Weil T, Lustigman S, Cariou K, Mitreva M, Sakanari JA, Gasser G
• Survival of worm masses of Onchocerca ochengi in gerbils and hamsters: implications for the development of an in vivo macrofilaricide screening model.
  Parasitology research 2023 Ayiseh RB, Mbah GE, Manfo FPT, Kulu TK, Njotu FN, Monya E, Ndi EM, Tumanjong IM, Mainsah EN, Sakanari J, Lustigman S, Cho-Ngwa F
• Development and validation of small animal models for onchocerciasis and loiasis microfilaricide discovery.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2023 Ayiseh RB, Mbah GE, Monya E, Ndi EM, Sakanari J, Lustigman S, Cho-Ngwa F
• Aspartyl Protease Inhibitors as Anti-Filarial Drugs.
  Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 Beld L, Jung H, Bulman CA, Rosa BA, Fischer PU, Janetka JW, Lustigman S, Sakanari JA, Mitreva M
• Biochemical and structural characterizations of thioredoxin reductase selenoproteins of the parasitic filarial nematodes Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus.
  Redox biology 2022 Fata F, Gencheva R, Cheng Q, Lullo R, Ardini M, Silvestri I, Gabriele F, Ippoliti R, Bulman CA, Sakanari JA, Williams DL, Arnér ESJ, Angelucci F
• Pyrvinium Pamoate and Structural Analogs Are Early Macrofilaricide Leads.
  Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 Gunderson EL, Bryant C, Bulman CA, Fischer C, Luo M, Vogel I, Lim KC, Jawahar S, Tricoche N, Voronin D, Corbo C, Ayiseh RB, Manfo FPT, Mbah GE, Cho-Ngwa F, Beerntsen B, Renslo AR, Lustigman S, …
• Filaricidal activity of Daniellia oliveri and Psorospermum febrifugum extracts.
  Parasites & vectors 2021 Abongwa M, Samje M, Ayimele GA, Babiaka SB, Bulman C, Sakanari J, Koszewski NJ, Verma S, Goff J, Cho-Ngwa F, Martin RJ, Robertson AP
• Comparative Performance of Latest-Generation and FDA-Cleared Serology Tests for the Diagnosis of Chagas Disease.
  Journal of clinical microbiology 2021 Kelly EA, Bulman CA, Gunderson EL, Irish AM, Townsend RL, Sakanari JA, Stramer SL, Bern C, Whitman JD
• The Eagle effect in the Wolbachia-worm symbiosis.
  Parasites & vectors 2021 Bulman CA, Chappell L, Gunderson E, Vogel I, Beerntsen B, Slatko BE, Sullivan W, Sakanari JA
• Drugs that target early stages of Onchocerca volvulus: A revisited means to facilitate the elimination goals for onchocerciasis.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2021 Jawahar S, Tricoche N, Bulman CA, Sakanari J, Lustigman S
• Areas of Metabolomic Exploration for Helminth Infections.
  ACS infectious diseases 2021 Whitman JD, Sakanari JA, Mitreva M
• An Integrated Approach to Identify New Anti-Filarial Leads to Treat River Blindness, a Neglected Tropical Disease.
  Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 Tyagi R, Bulman CA, Cho-Ngwa F, Fischer C, Marcellino C, Arkin MR, McKerrow JH, McNamara CW, Mahoney M, Tricoche N, Jawahar S, Janetka JW, Lustigman S, Sakanari J, Mitreva M
• Repurposing Auranofin and Evaluation of a New Gold(I) Compound for the Search of Treatment of Human and Cattle Parasitic Diseases: From Protozoa to Helminth Infections.
  Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 Feng L, Pomel S, Latre de Late P, Taravaud A, Loiseau PM, Maes L, Cho-Ngwa F, Bulman CA, Fischer C, Sakanari JA, Ziniel PD, Williams DL, Davioud-Charvet E
• In vitro screening methods for parasites: the wMicroTracker & the WormAssay.
  microPublication biology 2020 Gunderson E, Bulman C, Luo M, Sakanari J
• The endosymbiont Wolbachia rebounds following antibiotic treatment.
  PLoS pathogens 2020 Gunderson EL, Vogel I, Chappell L, Bulman CA, Lim KC, Luo M, Whitman JD, Franklin C, Choi YJ, Lefoulon E, Clark T, Beerntsen B, Slatko B, Mitreva M, Sullivan W, Sakanari JA
• De novo identification of toxicants that cause irreparable damage to parasitic nematode intestinal cells.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2020 Jasmer DP, Rosa BA, Tyagi R, Bulman CA, Beerntsen B, Urban JF, Sakanari J, Mitreva M
• Macrofilaricidal Benzimidazole-Benzoxaborole Hybrids as an Approach to the Treatment of River Blindness: Part 2. Ketone Linked Analogs.
  ACS infectious diseases 2020 Carter DS, Jacobs RT, Freund YR, Berry PW, Akama T, Easom EE, Lunde CS, Rock F, Stefanakis R, McKerrow J, Fischer C, Bulman CA, Lim KC, Suzuki BM, Tricoche N, Sakanari JA, Lustigman S, Plattner JJ
• Macrofilaricidal Benzimidazole-Benzoxaborole Hybrids as an Approach to the Treatment of River Blindness: Part 1. Amide Linked Analogs.
  ACS infectious diseases 2020 Akama T, Freund YR, Berry PW, Carter DS, Easom EE, Jarnagin K, Lunde CS, Plattner JJ, Rock F, Stefanakis R, Fischer C, Bulman CA, Lim KC, Suzuki BM, Tricoche N, Mansour A, DiCosty U, McCall S, Carson …
• Short-course quinazoline drug treatments are effective in the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Brugia pahangi jird models.
  International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance 2019 Hübner MP, Gunderson E, Vogel I, Bulman CA, Lim KC, Koschel M, Ehrens A, Frohberger SJ, Fendler M, Tricoche N, Voronin D, Steven A, Chi V, Bakowski MA, Woods AK, Petrassi HM, McNamara CW, Beerntsen B,…
• Chagas Disease Serological Test Performance in U.S. Blood Donor Specimens.
  Journal of clinical microbiology 2019 Whitman JD, Bulman CA, Gunderson EL, Irish AM, Townsend RL, Stramer SL, Sakanari JA, Bern C
• Development and validation of an Onchocerca ochengi adult male worm gerbil model for macrofilaricidal drug screening.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2019 Cho-Ngwa F, Mbah GE, Ayiseh RB, Ndi EM, Monya E, Tumanjong IM, Mainsah EN, Sakanari J, Lustigman S
• Identification of small molecule enzyme inhibitors as broad-spectrum anthelmintics.
  Scientific reports 2019 Tyagi R, Elfawal MA, Wildman SA, Helander J, Bulman CA, Sakanari J, Rosa BA, Brindley PJ, Janetka JW, Aroian RV, Mitreva M
• Development of a preliminary in vitro drug screening assay based on a newly established culturing system for pre-adult fifth-stage Onchocerca volvulus worms.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2019 Voronin D, Tricoche N, Jawahar S, Shlossman M, Bulman CA, Fischer C, Suderman MT, Sakanari JA, Lustigman S
• Efficacy of subcutaneous doses and a new oral amorphous solid dispersion formulation of flubendazole on male jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2019 Fischer C, Ibiricu Urriza I, Bulman CA, Lim KC, Gut J, Lachau-Durand S, Engelen M, Quirynen L, Tekle F, Baeten B, Beerntsen B, Lustigman S, Sakanari J
• Functional Assessment of 2,177 U.S. and International Drugs Identifies the Quinoline Nitroxoline as a Potent Amoebicidal Agent against the Pathogen Balamuthia mandrillaris.
  mBio 2018 Laurie MT, White CV, Retallack H, Wu W, Moser MS, Sakanari JA, Ang K, Wilson C, Arkin MR, DeRisi JL
• Small Molecule Inhibitors of Metabolic Enzymes Repurposed as a New Class of Anthelmintics.
  ACS infectious diseases 2018 Tyagi R, Maddirala AR, Elfawal M, Fischer C, Bulman CA, Rosa BA, Gao X, Chugani R, Zhou M, Helander J, Brindley PJ, Tseng CC, Greig IR, Sakanari J, Wildman SA, Aroian R, Janetka JW, Mitreva M
• Anthelmintic drug discovery: Into the future.
  A Century of Parasitology 2016 Timothy G. Geary, Judy Sakanari, Conor R. Caffrey, John Janovy, Gerald W. Esch
• Repurposing auranofin as a lead candidate for treatment of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2015 Bulman CA, Bidlow CM, Lustigman S, Cho-Ngwa F, Williams D, Rascón AA, Tricoche N, Samje M, Bell A, Suzuki B, Lim KC, Supakorndej N, Supakorndej P, Wolfe AR, Knudsen GM, Chen S, Wilson C, Ang KH, Arkin…
• Anthelmintic drug discovery: into the future.
  The Journal of parasitology 2015 Geary TG, Sakanari JA, Caffrey CR
• Utilization of computer processed high definition video imaging for measuring motility of microscopic nematode stages on a quantitative scale: "The Worminator".
  International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance 2014 Storey B, Marcellino C, Miller M, Maclean M, Mostafa E, Howell S, Sakanari J, Wolstenholme A, Kaplan R
• A cysteine protease inhibitor rescues mice from a lethal Cryptosporidium parvum infection.
  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2013 Ndao M, Nath-Chowdhury M, Sajid M, Marcus V, Mashiyama ST, Sakanari J, Chow E, Mackey Z, Land KM, Jacobson MP, Kalyanaraman C, McKerrow JH, Arrowood MJ, Caffrey CR
• Investigation of the proteolytic functions of an expanded cercarial elastase gene family in Schistosoma mansoni.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2012 Ingram JR, Rafi SB, Eroy-Reveles AA, Ray M, Lambeth L, Hsieh I, Ruelas D, Lim KC, Sakanari J, Craik CS, Jacobson MP, McKerrow JH
• WormAssay: a novel computer application for whole-plate motion-based screening of macroscopic parasites.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2012 Marcellino C, Gut J, Lim KC, Singh R, McKerrow J, Sakanari J
• Proteomic analysis of human skin treated with larval schistosome peptidases reveals distinct invasion strategies among species of blood flukes.
  PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2011 Ingram J, Knudsen G, Lim KC, Hansell E, Sakanari J, McKerrow J
• Identification of the major cysteine protease of Giardia and its role in encystation.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2008 DuBois KN, Abodeely M, Sakanari J, Craik CS, Lee M, McKerrow JH, Sajid M
• Molecular phylogenetics and diagnosis of Anisakis, Pseudoterranova, and Contracaecum from northern Pacific marine mammals.
  The Journal of parasitology 2005 Nadler SA, D'Amelio S, Dailey MD, Paggi L, Siu S, Sakanari JA
• Efficacy of the merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax as an antigen for ELISA to diagnose malaria.
  Yonsei medical journal 2004 Kim YM, Hwang HA, Yun WS, Kim SI, Lee KW, Park SK, Lee YJ, Kim TK, Wongsrichanalai C, Sakanari JA, Park H
• Characterization and Large-Scale Expression of the Recombinant Cysteine Proteinase from Adult Clonorchis sinensis.
  Journal of Parasitology 2001 Seong Y. Park, Kil H. Lee, Young B. Hwang, Kwang Y. Kim, Seung K. Park, H. A. Hwang, Judy A. Sakanari, Kyeong M. Hong, Suk-il Kim, Hyun Park
• Characterization and large-scale expression of the recombinant cysteine proteinase from adult Clonorchis sinensis.
  The Journal of parasitology 2001 Park SY, Lee KH, Hwang YB, Kim KY, Park SK, Hwang HA, Sakanari JA, Hong KM, Kim SI, Park H
• Paragonimus westermani: cloning of a cathepsin F-like cysteine proteinase from the adult worm.
  Experimental parasitology 2001 Park H, Hong KM, Sakanari JA, Choi JH, Park SK, Kim KY, Hwang HA, Paik MK, Yun KJ, Shin CH, Lee JB, Ryu JS, Min DY
• Cloning and functional expression of a Boophilus microplus cathepsin L-like enzyme.
  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 2000 Renard G, Garcia JF, Cardoso FC, Richter MF, Sakanari JA, Ozaki LS, Termignoni C, Masuda A
• Radiologic-pathologic findings in raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) encephalitis.
  AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2000 Rowley HA, Uht RM, Kazacos KR, Sakanari J, Wheaton WV, Barkovich AJ, Bollen AW
• Cysteine protease inhibitors as chemotherapy: lessons from a parasite target.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999 Selzer PM, Pingel S, Hsieh I, Ugele B, Chan VJ, Engel JC, Bogyo M, Russell DG, Sakanari JA, McKerrow JH
• Expression and characterization of elastase inhibitors from the ascarid nematodes Anisakis simplex and Ascaris suum.
  Molecular and biochemical parasitology 1999 Nguyen TT, Qasim MA, Morris S, Lu CC, Hill D, Laskowski M, Sakanari JA
• Expression and alteration of the S2 subsite of the Leishmania major cathepsin B-like cysteine protease.
  The Biochemical journal 1999 Chan VJ, Selzer PM, McKerrow JH, Sakanari JA
• Expression and alteration of the S2 subsite of the Leishmania major cathepsin B-like cysteine protease.
  Biochemical Journal 1999 Victor J. CHAN, Paul M. SELZER, James H. McKERROW, Judy A. SAKANARI
• Anisakis simplex: mutational bursts in the reactive site centers of serine protease inhibitors from an ascarid nematode.
  Experimental parasitology 1998 Lu CC, Nguyen T, Morris S, Hill D, Sakanari JA
• Leishmania major: molecular modeling of cysteine proteases and prediction of new nonpeptide inhibitors.
  Experimental parasitology 1997 Selzer PM, Chen X, Chan VJ, Cheng M, Kenyon GL, Kuntz ID, Sakanari JA, Cohen FE, McKerrow JH
• Leishmania major: comparison of the cathepsin L- and B-like cysteine protease genes with those of other trypanosomatids.
  Experimental parasitology 1997 Sakanari JA, Nadler SA, Chan VJ, Engel JC, Leptak C, Bouvier J
• Trichuris suis: thiol protease activity from adult worms.
  Experimental parasitology 1997 Hill DE, Sakanari JA
• Kudoa miniauriculata n. sp. (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) from the musculature of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) from California.
  The Journal of parasitology 1996 Whitaker DJ, Kent ML, Sakanari JA
• Simulium damnosum s.l.: identification of inducible serine proteases following an Onchocerca infection by differential display reverse transcription PCR.
  Experimental parasitology 1995 Hagen HE, Kläger SL, Chan V, Sakanari JA, McKerrow JH, Ham PJ
• Characterization of the serine protease and serine protease inhibitor from the tissue-penetrating nematode Anisakis simplex.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1994 Morris SR, Sakanari JA
• Hyaluronidases of the gastrointestinal invasive nematodes Ancylostoma caninum and Anisakis simplex: possible functions in the pathogenesis of human zoonoses.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 1994 Hotez P, Cappello M, Hawdon J, Beckers C, Sakanari J
• Dirofilaria immitis: effect of fluoromethyl ketone cysteine protease inhibitors on the third- to fourth-stage molt.
  Experimental parasitology 1993 Richer JK, Hunt WG, Sakanari JA, Grieve RB
• Dirofilaria immitis: proteases produced by third- and fourth-stage larvae.
  Experimental parasitology 1992 Richer JK, Sakanari JA, Frank GR, Grieve RB
• The sequence and reactive site of ecotin. A general inhibitor of pancreatic serine proteases from Escherichia coli.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1991 McGrath ME, Hines WM, Sakanari JA, Fletterick RJ, Craik CS
• Anisakis - from the platter to the microfuge.
  Parasitology today (Personal ed.) 1990 Sakanari JA
• Identification of the secreted neutral proteases from Anisakis simplex.
  The Journal of parasitology 1990 Sakanari JA, McKerrow JH
• Adaptation of an introduced host to an indigenous parasite.
  The Journal of parasitology 1990 Sakanari JA, Moser M
• Amplification and sequencing of genomic DNA fragments encoding cysteine proteases from protozoan parasites.
  Molecular and biochemical parasitology 1990 Eakin AE, Bouvier J, Sakanari JA, Craik CS, McKerrow JH
• Complete Life Cycle of the Elasmobranch Cestode, Lacistorhynchus dollfusi Beveridge and Sakanari, 1987 (Trypanorhyncha).
  Journal of Parasitology 1989 Judy A. Sakanari, Mike Moser
• Anisakiasis.
  Clinical microbiology reviews 1989 Sakanari JA, McKerrow JH
• Serine proteases from nematode and protozoan parasites: isolation of sequence homologs using generic molecular probes.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1989 Sakanari JA, Staunton CE, Eakin AE, Craik CS, McKerrow JH
• Extracellular proteases of Onchocerca.
  Experimental parasitology 1989 Lackey A, James ER, Sakanari JA, Resnick SD, Brown M, Bianco AE, McKerrow JH
• Anisakiasis.
  Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1989 J A Sakanari, J H McKerrow
• Anisakiasis: revenge of the sushi parasite.
  The New England journal of medicine 1988 McKerrow JH, Sakanari J, Deardorff TL
• Intestinal anisakiasis. A case diagnosed by morphologic and immunologic methods.
  American journal of clinical pathology 1988 Sakanari JA, Loinaz HM, Deardorff TL, Raybourne RB, McKerrow JH, Frierson JG
• The Schistosomatium douthitti cercarial elastase is biochemically and structurally distinct from that of Schistosoma mansoni.
  Molecular and biochemical parasitology 1988 Amiri P, Sakanari J, Basch P, Newport G, McKerrow JH
• Vital Stain in Bait as a Tag.
  North American Journal of Fisheries Management 1986 Mike Moser, Judy Sakanari, Gregor Cailliet
• The effects of praziquantel on various larval and adult parasites from freshwater and marine snails and fish.
  The Journal of parasitology 1986 Moser M, Sakanari J, Heckmann R
• Experimental Infection of Blue Rockfish (Sebastes mystinus)with Larval Anisakid Nematodes.
  Fish Pathology 1986 Mike MOSER, Judy SAKANARI
• Tubercular Lesions in a Central California Rockfish (Sêbastes mystinus).
  Fish Pathology 1986 Mike MOSER, Judy SAKANARI
• Incompatibility between San Francisco striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), and the metacestode, Lacistorhynchus tenuis (Beneden, 1858).
  Journal of Fish Diseases 1984 M. MOSER, JUDY SAKANARI, S. WELLINGS, K. LINDSTROM
• Effects of sublethal concentrations of zinc and benzene on striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), infected with larval Anisakis nematodes.
  Journal of Fish Biology 1984 J. A. Sakanari, M. Moser, C. A. Reilly, T. P. Yoshino
• Protandrous Hermaphroditism in Striped Bass from Coos Bay, Oregon.
  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 1983 Mike Moser, Jeannette Whipple, Judy Sakanari, Carol Reilly
• Tubercular Lesions in Pacific Coast Populations of Striped Bass.
  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 1983 Judy A. Sakanari, Carol A. Reilly, Mike Moser
• Effects of Ferulic Acid on Reproduction in Male Mice (Mus musculus).
  Journal of Mammalogy 1983 Judy A. Sakanari