Gary Armitage, DDS
Professor
Orofacial Sciences
School of Dentistry

Education & Training

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• M.S. Dentistry (Oral Biology) University of California, San Francisco 1973
• P.G.Cert. Dentistry (Periodontology) University of California, San Francisco 1971
• D.D.S. Dentistry University of California, San Francisco 1966

Publications (95)

Top publication keywords:
Peri-ImplantitisPeriodontal IndexDental PlaqueOral Surgical ProceduresGingival Crevicular FluidPeriodonticsAggressive PeriodontitisPeriodontal DiseasesGingivitisChronic PeriodontitisDental ImplantsPeriodontitisDental CareDentitionPeriodontal Attachment Loss

• Authors' response.
  Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) 2020 Fine DH, Armitage GC, Griffen AL, Diehl SR
• A brief history of periodontics in the United States of America: Pioneers and thought-leaders of the past, and current challenges.
  Periodontology 2000 2020 Armitage GC
• Microbial biogeography and ecology of the mouth and implications for periodontal diseases.
  Periodontology 2000 2020 Proctor DM, Shelef KM, Gonzalez A, Davis CL, Dethlefsen L, Burns AR, Loomer PM, Armitage GC, Ryder MI, Millman ME, Knight R, Holmes SP, Relman DA
• Unique etiologic, demographic, and pathologic characteristics of localized aggressive periodontitis support classification as a distinct subcategory of periodontitis.
  Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) 2019 Fine DH, Armitage GC, Genco RJ, Griffen AL, Diehl SR
• Antibiotic prescribing practices in periodontal surgeries with and without bone grafting.
  Journal of periodontology 2019 Hai JH, Lee C, Kapila YL, Chaffee BW, Armitage GC

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• A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification.
  Journal of clinical periodontology 2018 Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, Mealey BL, Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Tonetti MS
• A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification.
  Journal of periodontology 2018 Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, Mealey BL, Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Tonetti MS
• Peri-implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.
  Journal of clinical periodontology 2018 Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, Chen S, Cochran D, Derks J, Figuero E, Hämmerle CHF, Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Huynh-Ba G, Iacono V, Koo KT, Lambert F, McCauley L, …
• Peri-implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.
  Journal of periodontology 2018 Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, Chen S, Cochran D, Derks J, Figuero E, Hämmerle CHF, Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Huynh-Ba G, Iacono V, Koo KT, Lambert F, McCauley L, …
• A spatial gradient of bacterial diversity in the human oral cavity shaped by salivary flow.
  Nature communications 2018 Proctor DM, Fukuyama JA, Loomer PM, Armitage GC, Lee SA, Davis NM, Ryder MI, Holmes SP, Relman DA
• Periodontal Diagnosis and Treatment in the Coming Decades.
  Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) 2017 Armitage GC
• Minimally invasive periodontal therapy for general practitioners.
  Periodontology 2000 2016 Ryder MI, Armitage GC
• Post-treatment supportive care for the natural dentition and dental implants.
  Periodontology 2000 2016 Armitage GC, Xenoudi P
• Commentary: Statistical Significance Versus Clinical Relevance in Periodontal Research: Implications for Clinical Practice.
  Journal of periodontology 2016 Chambrone L, Armitage GC
• Principles in prevention of periodontal diseases: Consensus report of group 1 of the 11th European Workshop on Periodontology on effective prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
  Journal of clinical periodontology 2015 Tonetti MS, Eickholz P, Loos BG, Papapanou P, van der Velden U, Armitage G, Bouchard P, Deinzer R, Dietrich T, Hughes F, Kocher T, Lang NP, Lopez R, Needleman I, Newton T, Nibali L, Pretzl B, Ramseier…
• The multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) published by the journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) on the effect of periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has fundamental problems.
  The journal of evidence-based dental practice 2014 Borgnakke WS, Chapple IL, Genco RJ, Armitage G, Bartold PM, D'Aiuto F, Eke PI, Giannobile WV, Kocher T, Kornman KS, Lang NP, Madianos PN, Murakami S, Nishimura F, Offenbacher S, Preshaw PM, Rahman AU,…
• AAP centennial commentary: theme 3: Evolution and application of classification systems for periodontal diseases--a retrospective commentary*.
  Journal of periodontology 2014 Armitage GC
• Sociodemographic disparities and behavioral factors in clinical oral health status during pregnancy.
  Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 2013 Chung LH, Gregorich SE, Armitage GC, Gonzalez-Vargas J, Adams SH
• Learned and unlearned concepts in periodontal diagnostics: a 50-year perspective.
  Periodontology 2000 2013 Armitage GC
• Bi-directional relationship between pregnancy and periodontal disease.
  Periodontology 2000 2013 Armitage GC
• Microbiota-targeted therapies: an ecological perspective.
  Science translational medicine 2012 Lemon KP, Armitage GC, Relman DA, Fischbach MA
• Evidence of a robust resident bacteriophage population revealed through analysis of the human salivary virome.
  The ISME journal 2011 Pride DT, Salzman J, Haynes M, Rohwer F, Davis-Long C, White RA, Loomer P, Armitage GC, Relman DA
• Global oral health inequalities: task group--periodontal disease.
  Advances in dental research 2011 Jin LJ, Armitage GC, Klinge B, Lang NP, Tonetti M, Williams RC
• Analysis of streptococcal CRISPRs from human saliva reveals substantial sequence diversity within and between subjects over time.
  Genome research 2010 Pride DT, Sun CL, Salzman J, Rao N, Loomer P, Armitage GC, Banfield JF, Relman DA
• Comparative biology of chronic and aggressive periodontitis: introduction.
  Periodontology 2000 2010 Armitage GC, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ
• Comparison of the clinical features of chronic and aggressive periodontitis.
  Periodontology 2000 2010 Armitage GC, Cullinan MP
• Comparison of the microbiological features of chronic and aggressive periodontitis.
  Periodontology 2000 2010 Armitage GC
• Bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of 10 healthy individuals.
  The ISME journal 2010 Bik EM, Long CD, Armitage GC, Loomer P, Emerson J, Mongodin EF, Nelson KE, Gill SR, Fraser-Liggett CM, Relman DA
• The biology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases: scientific advances in the United States.
  Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) 2009 Armitage GC, Robertson PB
• Effect of periodontal therapy on general health--is there a missing component in the design of these clinical trials?
  Journal of clinical periodontology 2008 Armitage GC
• [Challenges in diagnosis and classification of periodontal diseases and conditions].
  Zhonghua kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Zhonghua kouqiang yixue zazhi = Chinese journal of stomatology 2008 Armitage GC
• Gingival enlargement among renal transplant recipients in the era of new-generation immunosuppressants.
  Journal of periodontology 2008 Greenberg KV, Armitage GC, Shiboski CH
• Section 3 update: Use of Cloned Artificial Targets for FISH (catFISH) for the optimization of oligonucleotide probe hybridization conditions with 16S rRNA clones for in situ quantification of uncultivated prokaryotic cells.
  Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual 2008 Cleber C. Ouverney, Gary C. Armitage, David A. Relman
• Culture of giving. a first step toward greatness.
  Journal of the New Zealand Society of Periodontology 2007 Armitage GC
• Obesity is associated with deep periodontal pockets in Japanese women.
  The journal of evidence-based dental practice 2006 Armitage GC
• Bisphosphonate therapy improves the outcome of conventional periodontal treatment: results of a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
  Journal of periodontology 2005 Lane N, Armitage GC, Loomer P, Hsieh S, Majumdar S, Wang HY, Jeffcoat M, Munoz T
• Value of the evidence-based consensus conference.
  The Journal of the American College of Dentists 2005 Armitage GC
• Basic features of biofilms--why are they difficult therapeutic targets?
  Annals of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons 2004 Armitage GC
• Methanogenic Archaea and human periodontal disease.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004 Lepp PW, Brinig MM, Ouverney CC, Palm K, Armitage GC, Relman DA
• Analysis of gingival crevice fluid and risk of progression of periodontitis.
  Periodontology 2000 2004 Armitage GC
• Periodontal diagnoses and classification of periodontal diseases.
  Periodontology 2000 2004 Armitage GC
• The complete periodontal examination.
  Periodontology 2000 2004 Armitage GC
• Single-cell enumeration of an uncultivated TM7 subgroup in the human subgingival crevice.
  Applied and environmental microbiology 2003 Ouverney CC, Armitage GC, Relman DA
• Diagnosis of periodontal diseases.
  Journal of periodontology 2003 Armitage GC, Research, Science and Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology
• Prevalence of bacteria of division TM7 in human subgingival plaque and their association with disease.
  Applied and environmental microbiology 2003 Brinig MM, Lepp PW, Ouverney CC, Armitage GC, Relman DA
• Specific fibronectin fragments as markers of periodontal disease status.
  Journal of periodontology 2002 Huynh QN, Wang S, Tafolla E, Gansky SA, Kapila S, Armitage GC, Kapila YL
• Classifying periodontal diseases--a long-standing dilemma.
  Periodontology 2000 2002 Armitage GC
• Periodontal disease and pregnancy: discussion, conclusions, and recommendations.
  Annals of periodontology 2001 Armitage GC
• An economic evaluation of a chlorhexidine chip for treating chronic periodontitis: the CHIP (chlorhexidine in periodontitis) study.
  Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) 2001 Henke CJ, Villa KF, Aichelmann-Reidy ME, Armitage GC, Eber RM, Genco RJ, Killoy WJ, Miller DP, Page RC, Polson AM, Ryder MI, Silva SJ, Somerman MJ, Van Dyke TE, Wolff LF, Evans CJ, Finkelman RD
• Treatment of periodontitis by local administration of minocycline microspheres: a controlled trial.
  Journal of periodontology 2001 Williams RC, Paquette DW, Offenbacher S, Adams DF, Armitage GC, Bray K, Caton J, Cochran DL, Drisko CH, Fiorellini JP, Giannobile WV, Grossi S, Guerrero DM, Johnson GK, Lamster IB, Magnusson I, …
• Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions.
  Northwest dentistry 2000 Armitage GC
• Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease--how strong is the association?
  Oral diseases 2000 Armitage GC
• A perspective on clinical significance.
  Journal of periodontology 2000 Hujoel PP, Armitage GC, García RI
• Low prevalence of a periodontitis-associated interleukin-1 composite genotype in individuals of Chinese heritage.
  Journal of periodontology 2000 Armitage GC, Wu Y, Wang HY, Sorrell J, di Giovine FS, Duff GW
• Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions.
  Annals of periodontology 1999 Armitage GC
• A mucosal irritancy test device for intraoral use in dogs.
  Journal of periodontology 1997 Wirthlin MR, Armitage GC, Rao S, Fritzinger B, Phillips S, Heller J
• Periodontal diseases: diagnosis.
  Annals of periodontology 1996 Armitage GC
• Biochemical alterations in inflammatory periodontal diseases I. Poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase activity in gingiva and gingival fibroblasts from humans with periodontitis.
  Journal of periodontal research 1996 Ghani QP, Armitage GC, Hussain MZ
• Manual periodontal probing in supportive periodontal treatment.
  Periodontology 2000 1996 Armitage GC
• Comparison of a sonic and a manual toothbrush for efficacy in supragingival plaque removal and reduction of gingivitis.
  Journal of clinical periodontology 1996 Tritten CB, Armitage GC
• Development of a Tetracycline Delivery System for the Treatment of Periodontal Disease Using a Semisolid Poly(Ortho Ester).
  Advanced Biomaterials in Biomedical Engineering and Drug Delivery Systems 1996 J. Heller, K. V. Roskos, B. K. Fritzinger, S. S. Rao, G. C. Armitage
• Development of a drug delivery system for the treatment of periodontal disease based on bioerodible poly(ortho esters).
  Biomaterials 1995 Roskos KV, Fritzinger BK, Rao SS, Armitage GC, Heller J
• Clinical evaluation of periodontal diseases.
  Periodontology 2000 1995 Armitage GC
• Longitudinal evaluation of elastase as a marker for the progression of periodontitis.
  Journal of periodontology 1994 Armitage GC, Jeffcoat MK, Chadwick DE, Taggart EJ, Numabe Y, Landis JR, Weaver SL, Sharp TJ
• Langerhans cells in oral mucosa of rhesus monkeys before and after infection by simian retrovirus-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus.
  Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology 1993 Hämmerle CH, Schiødt M, Lackner AA, Armitage GC, Daniels TE, Greenspan JS
• Gingival Fibromatosis, Macaca mulatta.
  Nonhuman Primates 1993 Morten Schiødt, Gary C. Armitage, Andrew A. Lackner
• Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative, Macaca mulatta.
  Nonhuman Primates 1993 Gary C. Armitage, Andrew A. Lackner, Morten Schiødt
• Noma, Macaca mulatta.
  Nonhuman Primates I 1993 Andrew A. Lackner, Gary C. Armitage, Morten Schiødt
• Diagnostic tests for periodontal diseases.
  Current opinion in dentistry 1992 Armitage GC
• Effects of ascorbic acid depletion and supplementation on periodontal health and subgingival microflora in humans.
  Journal of dental research 1991 Leggott PJ, Robertson PB, Jacob RA, Zambon JJ, Walsh M, Armitage GC
• Identification of genomic clonal types of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by restriction endonuclease analysis.
  Journal of clinical microbiology 1991 Han N, Hoover CI, Winkler JR, Ng CY, Armitage GC
• Multicenter evaluation of tetracycline fiber therapy: I. Experimental design, methods, and baseline data.
  Journal of periodontal research 1991 Goodson JM, Cugini MA, Kent RL, Armitage GC, Cobb CM, Fine D, Fritz ME, Green E, Imoberdorf MJ, Killoy WJ
• Multicenter evaluation of tetracycline fiber therapy: II. Clinical response.
  Journal of periodontal research 1991 Goodson JM, Cugini MA, Kent RL, Armitage GC, Cobb CM, Fine D, Fritz ME, Green E, Imoberdorf MJ, Killoy WJ
• Defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte formyl peptide receptor(s) in juvenile periodontitis.
  The Journal of clinical investigation 1991 Perez HD, Kelly E, Elfman F, Armitage G, Winkler J
• Effect of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Wolinella recta and Bacteroides gingivalis on the viability of retinoic acid-induced and dimethyl sulfoxide-induced HL-60 cells.
  Oral microbiology and immunology 1990 Armitage GC, Holt SC
• Interaction of gram-negative periodontal pathogens with retinoic acid-induced and dimethyl sulfoxide-induced HL-60 cells.
  Oral microbiology and immunology 1990 Armitage GC, Holt SC
• Assessment of the efficacy of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Naprosyn, in the treatment of gingivitis.
  Journal of periodontal research 1990 Johnson RH, Armitage GC, Francisco C, Page RC
• Comparison of manual and power toothbrushing, with and without adjunctive oral irrigation, for controlling plaque and gingivitis.
  Journal of clinical periodontology 1989 Walsh M, Heckman B, Leggott P, Armitage G, Robertson PB
• Mucosal epithelial cells and Langerhans cells are targets for infection by the immunosuppressive type D retrovirus simian AIDS retrovirus serotype 1.
  Journal of medical primatology 1989 Lackner AA, Schiødt M, Armitage GC, Moore PF, Munn RJ, Marx PA, Gardner MB, Lowenstine LJ
• Oral lesions in rhesus monkeys associated with infection by simian AIDS retrovirus, serotype-I (SRV-1).
  Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology 1988 Schiødt M, Lackner A, Armitage G, Lerche N, Greenspan JS, Lowenstine L
• [Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents].
  Phillip Journal fur restaurative Zahnmedizin 1987 Armitage GC, Grassi M
• Evaluation of clinical and microbiological measures to predict treatment response in severe periodontitis.
  Journal of periodontal research 1987 Robertson PB, Buchanan SA, Armitage GC, Newbrun E, Taggart EJ, Hoover CI
• Simian AIDS. SAIDS offers a possible model for studying oral lesions related to AIDS.
  CDA journal 1987 Schiodt M, Armitage GC, Lackner AA
• Clinical and microbiologic effects of single-dose metronidazole or scaling and root planing in treatment of adult periodontitis.
  Journal of clinical periodontology 1986 Walsh MM, Buchanan SA, Hoover CI, Newbrun E, Taggart EJ, Armitage GC, Robertson PB
• Lymphocyte function in recurrent aphthous ulceration.
  Journal of oral pathology 1985 Greenspan JS, Gadol N, Olson JA, Hoover CI, Jacobsen PL, Shillitoe EJ, Armitage GC
• Root caries.
  CDA journal 1984 Newbrun E, Armitage G, Daniels TE, Greenspan D, Leash E, Robertson PB
• Cemental changes in teeth with heavily infected root canals.
  Journal of endodontics 1983 Armitage GC, Ryder MI, Wilcox SE
• Immunologic observations in macaques with Shigella-associated periodontal disease.
  Journal of periodontal research 1983 Armitage GC, Banks TA, Newbrun E, Greenspan JS, Hoover CI, Anderson JH
• Relationship between the percentage of subgingival spirochetes and the severity of periodontal disease.
  Journal of periodontology 1982 Armitage GC, Dickinson WR, Jenderseck RS, Levine SM, Chambers DW
• Periodontal disease associated with Shigella flexneri in rhesus monkeys. Clinical, microbiologic and histopathologic findings.
  Journal of periodontal research 1982 Armitage GC, Newbrun E, Hoover CI, Anderson JH
• Use of dental xeroradiographs in periodontics. Comparison with conventional radiographs.
  Journal of periodontology 1980 Gratt BM, Sickles EA, Armitage GC
• Microscopic evaluation of clinical measurements of connective tissue attachment levels.
  Journal of clinical periodontology 1977 Armitage GC, Svanberg GK, Löe H
• The nature of root surfaces after curette, cavitron and alpha-sonic instrumentation.
  Journal of periodontal research 1976 Van Volkinburg JW, Green E, Armitage GC
• Structural changes in exposed human cementum. 1. Light microscopic observations.
  Journal of periodontal research 1973 Armitage GC, Christie TM
• Structural changes in exposed human cementum. II. Electron microscopic observations.
  Journal of periodontal research 1973 Armitage GC, Christie TM