Fernando Velayos, MD
Volunteer Clinical Professor
Medicine
School of Medicine

Education & Training

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• M.D. Medicine University of California, San Francisco 1996
• Residency School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco

Publications (93)

Top publication keywords:
Endoscopic Mucosal ResectionAzathioprineGastrointestinal AgentsColorectal NeoplasmsInflammatory Bowel DiseasesColitis, UlcerativeInfliximabCrohn DiseaseOpiate AlkaloidsEarly Detection of CancerColonPrecancerous ConditionsColectomyImmunologic FactorsColonoscopy

• Extended Monitoring for Transition to Oral Corticosteroids in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis May Be Unnecessarily Prolonging Length of Stay.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2024 Ear S, Cordero J, McConnell R, Velayos F, Mahadevan U, Lewin S
• Opioid Use and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2024 Karlovich N, McConnell R, Velayos F, Mahadevan U, Lewin S
• Psychiatric Diagnoses, Medication, and Service Use Among Patients Who Receive Emergency Care for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2024 He JZ, Hirschtritt ME, Wei J, Ramalingam ND, Kahane SM, Velayos FS, Hassid BG
• Shot Heard Around the World? Subcutaneous Infliximab as Maintenance Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
  Gastroenterology 2024 Mulanax C, Velayos FS
• A Response-able Diagnosis: Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in the Setting of Ulcerative Colitis.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2024 Kane K, Velayos FS, Lee JK, Cherny S, Karia K

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• Randomized Trial of Patient Outreach Approaches to De-implement Outdated Colonoscopy Surveillance Intervals.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2024 Lee JK, Koripella PC, Jensen CD, Merchant SA, Fox JM, Chang SX, Dang CH, Velayos FS, Boparai ES, Evans NS, Leung LJ, Badalov JM, Quesenberry CP, Corley DA, Levin TR
• AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Role of Biomarkers for the Management of Crohn's Disease.
  Gastroenterology 2023 Ananthakrishnan AN, Adler J, Chachu KA, Nguyen NH, Siddique SM, Weiss JM, Sultan S, Velayos FS, Cohen BL, Singh S, AGA Clinical Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalpractice@gastro.org
• Risk factors for recurrent emergency care utilization for flares in inflammatory bowel disease.
  Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2023 Hassid BG, Wei J, Sax D, Velayos FS
• Common Instances of Low-value Care in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2023 Singh S, Velayos FS, Rubin DT
• Editorial: Pip pip to PIP's (post-inflammatory polyps) as a neoplasia risk factor in IBD?
  Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2023 Velayos FS
• The Contemporary Probability of Occult Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Colitis-Related Dysplasia Undergoing Colectomy.
  The American journal of gastroenterology 2023 Boparai ES, Lee JK, Zhu S, Shirazi A, Velayos FS
• Increased Risk of Hospitalization, Surgery, and Venous Thromboembolism Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Malnutrition in a Large, Community-Based Health Care System.
  The American journal of gastroenterology 2023 Fine LS, Zhu S, Shirazi A, Lee JK, Velayos FS
• Rise over Runs: Elevated Creatinine and a New Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2023 Velayos FS
• AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Role of Biomarkers for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis.
  Gastroenterology 2023 Singh S, Ananthakrishnan AN, Nguyen NH, Cohen BL, Velayos FS, Weiss JM, Sultan S, Siddique SM, Adler J, Chachu KA, AGA Clinical Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalpractice@gastro.org
• On a Knife's Edge: Management of Vulvar Cutaneous Crohn's Disease.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2023 Evans NS, Velayos FS
• Declining Colectomy Rates for Nonmalignant Colorectal Polyps in a Large, Ethnically Diverse, Community-Based Population.
  Clinical and translational gastroenterology 2022 Alam A, Ma C, Jiang SF, Jensen CD, Webb KH, Boparai ES, Jue TL, Munroe CA, Gupta S, Fox J, Hamerski CM, Velayos FS, Corley DA, Lee JK
• Delayed Initiation of Rescue Therapy Associated with Increased Length of Stay in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2022 Caplan A, McConnell R, Velayos F, Mahadevan U, Lewin S
• Appropriateness of Medical and Surgical Treatments for Chronic Pouchitis Using RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Methodology.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2022 Syal G, Sparrow MP, Velayos F, Cheifetz AS, Devlin S, Irving PM, Kaplan GG, Raffals LE, Ullman T, Gecse KB, Fleshner PR, Lightner AL, Siegel CA, Melmed GY
• Endoscopic Surveillance and Dysplasia Management in IBD: Plus Ça Change, Plus C'est la Même Chose.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2021 Velayos FS, Lee JK
• Prior Immunosuppressive Therapy and Severe Illness Among Patients Diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2: a Community-Based Study.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2021 Velayos FS, Dusendang JR, Schmittdiel JA
• AGA Clinical Practice Update on Endoscopic Surveillance and Management of Colorectal Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Expert Review.
  Gastroenterology 2021 Murthy SK, Feuerstein JD, Nguyen GC, Velayos FS
• Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Infliximab-dyyb and Infliximab in Biologic-Naive Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States.
  Crohn's & colitis 360 2021 Smith JT, Velayos FS, Niu F, Liu V, Delate T, Pola S, Le K, Hui RL
• Management of Recurrent Clostridioides Infection: A Difficile Problem in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2020 Lam AY, Gutin LS, Nguyen Y, Velayos FS
• Day-by-Day Management of the Inpatient With Moderate to Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
  Gastroenterology & hepatology 2020 Lewin S, Velayos FS
• Correction to: Effectiveness of Switching from Reference Product Infliximab to Infliximab-Dyyb in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Integrated Healthcare System in the United States: A Retrospective, Propensity Score-Matched, Non-Inferiority Cohort Study.
  BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy 2020 Ho SL, Niu F, Pola S, Velayos FS, Ning X, Hui RL
• Effectiveness of Switching from Reference Product Infliximab to Infliximab-Dyyb in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Integrated Healthcare System in the United States: A Retrospective, Propensity Score-Matched, Non-Inferiority Cohort Study.
  BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy 2020 Ho SL, Niu F, Pola S, Velayos FS, Ning X, Hui RL
• Going Viral: Management of IBD in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2020 Gutin LS, Lam AY, Velayos FS, Santos SA
• Elevating the Technique: Resecting Complex Dysplastic Lesions of the Colon in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2020 Boparai ES, Velayos FS, Roy A, Li C, Alkoraishi AS, Munroe CA
• It's What's Up Front That Counts-Part One: Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapy of Esophageal Crohn's Disease.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2019 Alli-Akintade L, Hewitt J, Namiq A, Singh M, Nguyen Y, Keihanian S, Chang JT, Karsan S, Tesfay S, Velayos FS
• Improving the Quality of Inpatient Ulcerative Colitis Management: Promoting Evidence-Based Practice and Reducing Care Variation With an Inpatient Protocol.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2019 Lewin SM, McConnell RA, Patel R, Sharpton SR, Velayos F, Mahadevan U
• Biosimilars for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
  Practical gastroenterology 2019 Rudrapatna VA, Velayos F
• Appropriate Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Biologic Agents for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2019 Papamichael K, Cheifetz AS, Melmed GY, Irving PM, Vande Casteele N, Kozuch PL, Raffals LE, Baidoo L, Bressler B, Devlin SM, Jones J, Kaplan GG, Sparrow MP, Velayos FS, Ullman T, Siegel CA
• How Dye May Prevent Dying from Cancer: Perceiving Imperceptible Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2019 Lewin SM, Wen KW, Velayos FS, Mahadevan U, Beck KR
• Introduction to the IBD Case Conference Series.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2019 Velayos F
• Appropriateness of Combination Therapy for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: One Size Still Does Not Fit All.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2018 Melmed GY, Kaplan GG, Sparrow MP, Velayos FS, Baidoo L, Bressler B, Cheifetz AS, Devlin SM, Irving PM, Jones J, Kozuch PL, Raffals LE, Siegel CA
• Intestinal and Nonintestinal Cancer Risks for Patients with Crohn's Disease.
  Gastroenterology clinics of North America 2017 Garg SK, Velayos FS, Kisiel JB
• American Gastroenterological Association Institute Technical Review on the Management of Crohn's Disease After Surgical Resection.
  Gastroenterology 2016 Regueiro M, Velayos F, Greer JB, Bougatsos C, Chou R, Sultan S, Singh S
• Changing Paradigms in Detection of Dysplasia and Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is Colectomy Still Necessary?
  Gastroenterology 2016 Velayos F, Kathpalia P, Finlayson E
• Recommendations for Quality Colonoscopy Reporting for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from a RAND Appropriateness Panel.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2016 Devlin SM, Melmed GY, Irving PM, Rubin DT, Kornbluth A, Kozuch PL, Raffals LE, Velayos FS, Sparrow MP, Baidoo L, Bressler B, Cheifetz AS, Jones J, Kaplan GG, Siegel CA
• Appropriateness of Testing for Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agent and Antibody Concentrations, and Interpretation of Results.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2016 Melmed GY, Irving PM, Jones J, Kaplan GG, Kozuch PL, Velayos FS, Baidoo L, Sparrow MP, Bressler B, Cheifetz AS, Devlin SM, Raffals LE, Vande Casteele N, Mould DR, Colombel JF, Dubinsky M, Sandborn WJ,…
• A roadmap to the implementation of chromoendoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease colonoscopy surveillance practice.
  Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2015 Sanduleanu S, Kaltenbach T, Barkun A, McCabe RP, Velayos F, Picco MF, Laine L, Soetikno R, McQuaid KR
• Effects of Concomitant Immunomodulator Therapy on Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy for Crohn's Disease: A Meta-analysis of Placebo-controlled Trials.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2015 Jones JL, Kaplan GG, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Baidoo L, Devlin S, Melmed GY, Tanyingoh D, Raffals L, Irving P, Kozuch P, Sparrow M, Velayos F, Bressler B, Cheifetz A, Colombel JF, Siegel CA
• Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in the elderly: updates and controversies.
  Gut and liver 2015 Day LW, Velayos F
• Colorectal cancer of the elderly.
  Current treatment options in gastroenterology 2014 Day LW, Velayos F
• Quality bowel preparation for surveillance colonoscopy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is a must.
  Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2014 Nett A, Velayos F, McQuaid K
• Challenges in designing a national surveillance program for inflammatory bowel disease in the United States.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2014 Long MD, Hutfless S, Kappelman MD, Khalili H, Kaplan GG, Bernstein CN, Colombel JF, Gower-Rousseau C, Herrinton L, Velayos F, Loftus EV, Nguyen GC, Ananthakrishnan AN, Sonnenberg A, Chan A, Sandler RS…
• Colorectal cancer and the elderly.
  Clinics in geriatric medicine 2014 Day LW, Velayos F
• On the question of ethnicity and its impact on IBD-related outcomes.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2013 Hwang C, Velayos F
• Reply: To PMID 23357488.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2013 Velayos F
• Racial and ethnic differences in health care utilization and outcomes among ulcerative colitis patients in an integrated health-care organization.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2013 Li D, Collins B, Velayos FS, Liu L, Lewis JD, Allison JE, Flowers NT, Hutfless S, Abramson O, Herrinton LJ
• Avoiding rash decision making: skin cancer screening of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2013 Siao D, Velayos F
• Serologic markers associated with development of Crohn's disease after ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2013 Truta B, Li DX, Mahadevan U, Fisher ER, Chen YY, Grace K, Velayos F, Terdiman JP
• Looking forward to understanding and reducing colorectal cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease.
  Gastroenterology 2013 Velayos FS, Ullman TA
• Systematic review: The role of race and socioeconomic factors on IBD healthcare delivery and effectiveness.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2013 Sewell JL, Velayos FS
• A test-based strategy is more cost effective than empiric dose escalation for patients with Crohn's disease who lose responsiveness to infliximab.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2013 Velayos FS, Kahn JG, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG
• Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of thiopurines on birth outcomes from female and male patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2013 Akbari M, Shah S, Velayos FS, Mahadevan U, Cheifetz AS
• Incidence and mortality of colorectal adenocarcinoma in persons with inflammatory bowel disease from 1998 to 2010.
  Gastroenterology 2012 Herrinton LJ, Liu L, Levin TR, Allison JE, Lewis JD, Velayos F
• Colonoscopy after CT diagnosis of diverticulitis to exclude colon cancer: a systematic literature review.
  Radiology 2012 Sai VF, Velayos F, Neuhaus J, Westphalen AC
• Managing risks of neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease.
  Current gastroenterology reports 2012 Velayos F
• Setting priorities for comparative effectiveness research in inflammatory bowel disease: results of an international provider survey, expert RAND panel, and patient focus groups.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2012 Cheifetz AS, Melmed GY, Spiegel B, Talley J, Devlin SM, Raffals L, Irving PM, Jones J, Kaplan GG, Kozuch P, Sparrow M, Velayos F, Baidoo L, Bressler B, Siegel CA
• Durability of infliximab dose intensification in Crohn's disease.
  Digestive diseases and sciences 2011 Lin KK, Velayos F, Fisher E, Terdiman JP
• Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in the elderly patient.
  The American journal of gastroenterology 2011 Day LW, Walter LC, Velayos F
• The good, the bad, and the ugly: adverse events and Crohn's therapies.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2010 Siao D, Velayos FS
• Prevalence of colorectal cancer surveillance for ulcerative colitis in an integrated health care delivery system.
  Gastroenterology 2010 Velayos FS, Liu L, Lewis JD, Allison JE, Flowers N, Hutfless S, Abramson O, Perry GS, Herrinton LJ
• Surgery for low-grade colorectal dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: decisions, decisions.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2010 Siao D, Velayos FS
• Viral hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2010 Hou JK, Velayos F, Terrault N, Mahadevan U
• The appropriateness of concomitant immunomodulators with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents for Crohn's disease: one size does not fit all.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2010 Melmed GY, Spiegel BM, Bressler B, Cheifetz AS, Devlin SM, Harrell LE, Irving PM, Jones J, Kaplan GG, Kozuch PL, Velayos FS, Baidoo L, Sparrow MP, Siegel CA
• Incidence, prevalence, and time trends of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Northern California, 1996 to 2006.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2010 Abramson O, Durant M, Mow W, Finley A, Kodali P, Wong A, Tavares V, McCroskey E, Liu L, Lewis JD, Allison JE, Flowers N, Hutfless S, Velayos FS, Perry GS, Cannon R, Herrinton LJ
• Use of azathioprine and 6MP in postoperative Crohn's: changing natural history or just along for the ride?
  The American journal of gastroenterology 2009 Velayos FS, Sandborn WJ
• Timing of myelosuppression during thiopurine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: implications for monitoring recommendations.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2009 Lewis JD, Abramson O, Pascua M, Liu L, Asakura LM, Velayos FS, Hutfless SM, Alison JE, Herrinton LJ
• Cost effectiveness of ulcerative colitis surveillance in the setting of 5-aminosalicylates.
  The American journal of gastroenterology 2009 Rubenstein JH, Waljee AK, Jeter JM, Velayos FS, Ladabaum U, Higgins PD
• Deciding to operate for low-grade colorectal dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: how much does the colon cost, how much is it worth?
  Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2009 Velayos F
• Time trends in therapies and outcomes for adult inflammatory bowel disease, Northern California, 1998-2005.
  Gastroenterology 2009 Herrinton LJ, Liu L, Fireman B, Lewis JD, Allison JE, Flowers N, Hutfless S, Velayos FS, Abramson O, Altschuler A, Perry GS
• Forecasting cyclosporine success or failure.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2009 Ravishankar PG, Velayos FS
• Colon cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease patients: current and emerging practices.
  Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology 2008 Velayos F
• Current Controversies in Crohn's Disease: A Roundtable Discussion of the BRIDGe Group.
  Gastroenterology & hepatology 2008 Sparrow MP, Irving PM, Baidoo L, Bressler B, Cheifetz AS, Devlin SM, Harrell LE, Jones J, Kozuch PL, Melmed GY, Velayos FS, Siegel CA
• Patterns of infliximab use among Crohn's disease patients in a community setting.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2008 Pressman AR, Hutfless S, Velayos F, Fireman B, Lewis JD, Allison J, Abramson O, Herrinton LJ
• Gastroenterologists' attitudes and self-reported practices regarding inflammatory bowel disease.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2008 Altschuler A, Collins B, Lewis JD, Velayos F, Allison JE, Hutfless S, Liu L, Herrinton LJ
• The fungus among us.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2008 Bahamonde LG, Velayos FS
• Tumor histology helps to identify Lynch syndrome among colorectal cancer patients.
  Familial cancer 2008 Truta B, Chen YY, Blanco AM, Deng G, Conrad PG, Kim YH, Park ET, Kakar S, Kim YS, Velayos F, Sleisenger MH, Terdiman JP
• Colorectal cancer prevention in inflammatory bowel disease and the role of 5-aminosalicylic acid: a clinical review and update.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2008 Rubin DT, Cruz-Correa MR, Gasche C, Jass JR, Lichtenstein GR, Montgomery EA, Riddell RH, Rutter MD, Ullman TA, Velayos FS, Itzkowitz S, 5-ASA in Colorectal Cancer Prevention Meeting Group
• Maximizing patient adherence and clinical outcomes with mesalamine in mildly-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis.
  Reviews in gastroenterological disorders 2008 Lichtenstein GR, Rubin DT, Sabesin SM, Velayos FS, Vitat P
• Positioning biologic therapy for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
  Current gastroenterology reports 2007 Velayos FS, Sandborn WJ
• Management of steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: immunomodulatory agents, biologics, or surgery?
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2007 Velayos F, Mahadevan U
• Risk factors for colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a nested case-control study from Copenhagen county, Denmark and Olmsted county, Minnesota.
  The American journal of gastroenterology 2007 Jess T, Loftus EV, Velayos FS, Winther KV, Tremaine WJ, Zinsmeister AR, Scott Harmsen W, Langholz E, Binder V, Munkholm P, Sandborn WJ
• Incidence and prognosis of colorectal dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study from Olmsted County, Minnesota.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2006 Jess T, Loftus EV, Velayos FS, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Smyrk TC, Tremaine WJ, Melton LJ, Munkholm P, Sandborn WJ
• Predictive and protective factors associated with colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: A case-control study.
  Gastroenterology 2006 Velayos FS, Loftus EV, Jess T, Harmsen WS, Bida J, Zinsmeister AR, Tremaine WJ, Sandborn WJ
• Risk of intestinal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study from olmsted county, Minnesota.
  Gastroenterology 2006 Jess T, Loftus EV, Velayos FS, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Smyrk TC, Schleck CD, Tremaine WJ, Melton LJ, Munkholm P, Sandborn WJ
• Effect of 5-aminosalicylate use on colorectal cancer and dysplasia risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies.
  The American journal of gastroenterology 2005 Velayos FS, Terdiman JP, Walsh JM
• Low rate of microsatellite instability in young patients with adenomas: reassessing the Bethesda guidelines.
  The American journal of gastroenterology 2005 Velayos FS, Allen BA, Conrad PG, Gum J, Kakar S, Chung DC, Truta B, Sleisenger MH, Kim YS, Terdiman JP
• The mechanism of microsatellite instability is different in synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer.
  Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract 2005 Velayos FS, Lee SH, Qiu H, Dykes S, Yiu R, Terdiman JP, Garcia-Aguilar J
• Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during maintenance anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy with infliximab for Crohn's disease.
  Inflammatory bowel diseases 2004 Velayos FS, Sandborn WJ
• Early predictors of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding and adverse outcomes: a prospective study.
  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2004 Velayos FS, Williamson A, Sousa KH, Lung E, Bostrom A, Weber EJ, Ostroff JW, Terdiman JP