Fernando Gonzalez, MD
Professor
Pediatrics
School of Medicine

My specific research goals are to: (1) clearly define the neuronal subpopulations that are vulnerable to ischemia and critical for neurodevelopment, (2) determine the mechanisms of injury and endogenous repair in the immature brain, and (3) define therapeutic strategies to enhance long-term function. Specifically, I am interested in how the immature brain differs from the adult brain in its response to stroke, and how reparative mechanisms can be enhanced with delayed therapy. Throughout my training, I have had broad exposure to various aspects of central nervous system (CNS) development and repair, including: evaluation and inhibition of pain through direct CNS treatment; the effects of local injury on wound healing and phagocytosis; direct evaluation of behavioral, cognitive, and nociceptive function after injury; pathophysiologic mechanisms of early brain injury; and the effects of exogenous therapy on early brain injury. Of these experiences, the ones I found most compelling were those that linked rigorous basic science at the bench to investigation of human disease. For example, my research on the short-term effects of exogenous erythropoietin treatment on neurogenesis after early rodent stroke prompted a study to determine beneficial treatment strategies that improve long-term functional outcomes. This project showed that prolonged erythropoietin treatment is most effective for long-term behavioral improvement, a finding that informed clinical studies in humans to treat neonatal brain injury. My current research is focused on cell type-specific changes in the peri-infarct cortex, including alterations in cell fate, function, and circuit formation. This will have a significant impact in improving knowledge and identifying novel therapies to treat early injury. It is my clear desire to apply this type of translational approach to the field of neonatal brain injury, thereby unifying my interest in neuroscience and brain development with a goal of improving the care of the newborn.

• Predictors of Death or Severe Impairment in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.
  JAMA network open 2024 Glass HC, Wood TR, Comstock BA, Numis AL, Bonifacio SL, Cornet MC, Gonzalez FF, Morell A, Kolnik SE, Li Y, Mathur A, Mietzsch U, Wu TW, Wusthoff CJ, Thoresen M, Heagerty PJ, Juul SE, Wu YW
• Neuroprotection for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A review of novel therapies evaluated in clinical studies.
  Developmental medicine and child neurology 2024 Chan NH, Hawkins CC, Rodrigues BV, Cornet MC, Gonzalez FF, Wu YW
• Assessing Early Severity of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: The Role of Electroencephalogram Background in Addition to Sarnat Exam.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2024 Cornet MC, Numis AL, Monsell SE, Chan NH, Gonzalez FF, Comstock BA, Juul SE, Wusthoff CJ, Wu YW, Glass HC
• Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke diagnosed in infants receiving therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  Pediatric research 2024 Gonzalez FF, Monsell SE, Cornet MC, Glass H, Wisnowski J, Mathur A, McKinstry R, Li Y, Wu TW, Mayock DE, Heagerty PJ, Juul SE, Wu YW
• Neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: is ROSC enough?
  Pediatric research 2024 Dietz RM, Gonzalez FF
• Evolution of the Sarnat exam and association with 2-year outcomes in infants with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a secondary analysis of the HEAL Trial.
  Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2024 Mietzsch U, Kolnik SE, Wood TR, Natarajan N, Gonzalez FF, Glass H, Mayock DE, Bonifacio SL, Van Meurs K, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, Wu TW, Wu YW, Juul SE, HEAL Trial Study Group
• Genetic and Congenital Anomalies in Infants With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.
  Pediatric neurology 2024 Morell AS, Monsell SE, Cornet MC, Wisnowski JL, McKinstry RC, Mathur AM, Li Y, Glass HC, Gonzalez FF, Mayock DE, Benninger KL, Van Meurs KP, Lampland AL, Wu TW, Riley D, Mietzsch U, Chalak L, Flibotte…
• Association of EEG Background and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Receiving Hypothermia.
  Neurology 2023 Glass HC, Numis AL, Comstock BA, Gonzalez FF, Mietzsch U, Bonifacio SL, Massey S, Thomas C, Natarajan N, Mayock DE, Sokol GM, Van Meurs KP, Ahmad KA, Maitre N, Heagerty PJ, Juul SE, Wu YW, Wusthoff CJ
• Time to Reaching Target Cooling Temperature and 2-year Outcomes in Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2023 Rao R, Comstock BA, Wu TW, Mietzsch U, Mayock DE, Gonzalez FF, Wood TR, Heagerty PJ, Juul SE, Wu YW
• Early Glycemic State and Outcomes of Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.
  Pediatrics 2023 Mietzsch U, Wood TR, Wu TW, Natarajan N, Glass HC, Gonzalez FF, Mayock DE, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, Juul SE, Wu YW, HEAL Study Group
• Placental Histologic Abnormalities and 2-Year Outcomes in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.
  Neonatology 2023 Gonzalez FF, Voldal E, Comstock BA, Mayock DE, Goodman AM, Cornet MC, Wu TW, Redline RW, Heagerty P, Juul SE, Wu YW
• Safety of High Dose Erythropoietin Used with Therapeutic Hypothermia as Treatment for Newborn Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Secondary Analysis of the HEAL Randomized Controlled Trial.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2023 Juul SE, Comstock BA, Cornet MC, Gonzalez FF, Mayock DE, Glass HC, Schreiber MD, Heagerty PJ, Wu YW
• How well does neonatal neuroimaging correlate with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?
  Pediatric research 2023 Wu YW, Monsell SE, Glass HC, Wisnowski JL, Mathur AM, McKinstry RC, Bluml S, Gonzalez FF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, Juul SE
• Risk of seizures in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy receiving hypothermia plus erythropoietin or placebo.
  Pediatric research 2022 Glass HC, Wusthoff CJ, Comstock BA, Numis AL, Gonzalez FF, Maitre N, Massey SL, Mayock DE, Mietzsch U, Natarajan N, Sokol GM, Bonifacio SL, Van Meurs KP, Thomas C, Ahmad KA, Heagerty PJ, Juul SE, Wu …
• Interleukin-15 modulates the response of cortical neurons to ischemia.
  Molecular and cellular neurosciences 2021 Nguyen V, Ameri K, Huynh K, Fredkin M, Grona R, Larpthaveesarp A, Gonzalez F, Yeghiazarians Y
• Physician-Scientist Training and Programming in Pediatric Residency Programs: A National Survey.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2021 Burns AM, Moore DJ, Forster CS, Powell W, Thammasitboon S, Hostetter MK, Weiss P, Boyer D, Ward MA, Blankenburg R, Heyman MB, Rassbach CE, McPhillips H, French A, Nguyen S, Byrne BJ, Parsons DW, …
• Update on mechanisms of the pathophysiology of neonatal encephalopathy.
  Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine 2021 Davidson JO, Gonzalez F, Gressens P, Gunn AJ, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee
• Acute and Chronic Placental Abnormalities in a Multicenter Cohort of Newborn Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2021 Chalak L, Redline RW, Goodman AM, Juul SE, Chang T, Yanowitz TD, Maitre N, Mayock DE, Lampland AL, Bendel-Stenzel E, Riley D, Mathur AM, Rao R, Van Meurs KP, Wu TW, Gonzalez FF, Flibotte J, Mietzsch U…
• Perspectives from the Society for Pediatric Research: advice on sustaining science and mentoring during COVID-19.
  Pediatric research 2021 Forster CS, Nguyen ST, Powell WT, Moore DJ, Ho J, Heyman MB, Wenger TL, Gonzalez F, Hostetter M, Nowalk A, Rassbach CE, Boyer D, Weiss P, Blankenburg RL, Orange JS, Ackerman KG, Burns AM, National …
• Caffeine Restores Background EEG Activity Independent of Infarct Reduction after Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury.
  Developmental neuroscience 2020 Sun H, Gonzalez F, McQuillen PS
• A new genetic strategy for targeting microglia in development and disease.
  eLife 2020 McKinsey GL, Lizama CO, Keown-Lang AE, Niu A, Santander N, Larpthaveesarp A, Chee E, Gonzalez FF, Arnold TD
• Whither pediatric physician-scientist training in the COVID-19 era.
  Pediatric research 2020 Gonzalez FF, Heyman MB
• Placental pathology and neonatal brain MRI in a randomized trial of erythropoietin for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  Pediatric research 2019 Wu YW, Goodman AM, Chang T, Mulkey SB, Gonzalez FF, Mayock DE, Juul SE, Mathur AM, Van Meurs K, McKinstry RC, Redline RW
• Recommendations for the design of therapeutic trials for neonatal seizures.
  Pediatric research 2018 Soul JS, Pressler R, Allen M, Boylan G, Rabe H, Portman R, Hardy P, Zohar S, Romero K, Tseng B, Bhatt-Mehta V, Hahn C, Denne S, Auvin S, Vinks A, Lantos J, Marlow N, Davis JM, International Neonatal …
• Predictive value of early EEG for seizures in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.
  Pediatric research 2018 Cornet MC, Pasupuleti A, Fang A, Gonzalez F, Shimotake T, Ferriero DM, Glass HC, Cilio MR
• High-Dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy (HEAL): A Randomized Controlled Trial - Background, Aims, and Study Protocol.
  Neonatology 2018 Juul SE, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, Mayock DE, Goodman AM, Hauge S, Gonzalez F, Wu YW
• Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats.
  Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE 2017 Larpthaveesarp A, Gonzalez FF
• High-Dose Erythropoietin and Hypothermia for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Phase II Trial.
  Pediatrics 2016 Wu YW, Mathur AM, Chang T, McKinstry RC, Mulkey SB, Mayock DE, Van Meurs KP, Rogers EE, Gonzalez FF, Comstock BA, Juul SE, Msall ME, Bonifacio SL, Glass HC, Massaro AN, Dong L, Tan KW, Heagerty PJ, …
• Delayed erythropoietin therapy improves histological and behavioral outcomes after transient neonatal stroke.
  Neurobiology of disease 2016 Larpthaveesarp A, Georgevits M, Ferriero DM, Gonzalez FF
• Growth factors for the treatment of ischemic brain injury (growth factor treatment).
  Brain sciences 2015 Larpthaveesarp A, Ferriero DM, Gonzalez FF
• Erythropoietin: a novel therapy for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy?
  Developmental medicine and child neurology 2015 Wu YW, Gonzalez FF
• Stem cells for neonatal stroke- the future is here.
  Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2014 van Velthoven CT, Gonzalez F, Vexler ZS, Ferriero DM
• Erythropoietin increases neurogenesis and oligodendrogliosis of subventricular zone precursor cells after neonatal stroke.
  Stroke 2013 Gonzalez FF, Larpthaveesarp A, McQuillen P, Derugin N, Wendland M, Spadafora R, Ferriero DM
• An overview of risk factors for poor neurodevelopmental outcome associated with prematurity.
  World journal of pediatrics : WJP 2012 Xiong T, Gonzalez F, Mu DZ
• Effects of combination therapy using hypothermia and erythropoietin in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
  Pediatric research 2012 Fang AY, Gonzalez FF, Sheldon RA, Ferriero DM
• Erythropoietin for neuroprotection in neonatal encephalopathy: safety and pharmacokinetics.
  Pediatrics 2012 Wu YW, Bauer LA, Ballard RA, Ferriero DM, Glidden DV, Mayock DE, Chang T, Durand DJ, Song D, Bonifacio SL, Gonzalez FF, Glass HC, Juul SE
• Is erythropoietin the answer?
  Pediatric research 2011 Gonzalez FF, Fang A, Ferriero DM
• Neonatal community-acquired pneumonia: pathogens and treatment.
  Journal of paediatrics and child health 2010 Wang H, Tang J, Xiong Y, Li X, Gonzalez F, Mu D
• Altered fate of subventricular zone progenitor cells and reduced neurogenesis following neonatal stroke.
  Developmental neuroscience 2010 Spadafora R, Gonzalez FF, Derugin N, Wendland M, Ferriero D, McQuillen P
• Neuroprotection in the newborn infant.
  Clinics in perinatology 2009 Gonzalez FF, Ferriero DM
• Erythropoietin sustains cognitive function and brain volume after neonatal stroke.
  Developmental neuroscience 2009 Gonzalez FF, Abel R, Almli CR, Mu D, Wendland M, Ferriero DM
• Therapeutics for neonatal brain injury.
  Pharmacology & therapeutics 2008 Gonzalez FF, Ferriero DM
• Erythropoietin enhances long-term neuroprotection and neurogenesis in neonatal stroke.
  Developmental neuroscience 2007 Gonzalez FF, McQuillen P, Mu D, Chang Y, Wendland M, Vexler Z, Ferriero DM
• Does perinatal asphyxia impair cognitive function without cerebral palsy?
  Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2006 Gonzalez FF, Miller SP
• Chronic desipramine treatment desensitizes the rat to anesthetic and antinociceptive effects of the alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine.
  Anesthesiology 1998 Guo TZ, Reid K, Davies MF, Nacif-Coelho C, Rabin BC, Gonzalez F, Maze M