Christopher Pilcher
Professor Emeritus
Medicine
School of Medicine

He trained at the University of Vermont, Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; he is board certified in Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, and has been caring for adults with HIV infection since 1993. As a research scientist, Dr. Pilcher has authored over a hundred scholarly articles, book chapters and commentaries. He is a recognized authority on using infectious disease diagnostic tests for clinical decision making and surveillance of incidence. His work has focused on diagnosis of acute HIV infection; the same-day initiation of antiretroviral treatment; and the biology of infectivity in both acute and chronic HIV infection. Dr. Pilcher developed and led cohort studies in the US, Malawi and Brazil to facilitate clinical research, and most recently worked to develop the international CEPHIA 2 cohort for incidence test evaluation. In work with public health programs in North Carolina he developed the STAT program for acute HIV testing and immediate treatment; from 2012 in San Francisco he led the UCSF Options cohort, and in 2013 he began the RAPID program for same-day antiretroviral treatment at Zuckerberg SF General Hospital. Dr. Pilcher retired in 2019 but remains actively engaged in clinical research.

• Differences in expression of tumor suppressor, innate immune, inflammasome, and potassium/gap junction channel host genes significantly predict viral reservoir size during treated HIV infection.
  bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2023 Dwivedi AK, Siegel DA, Thanh C, Hoh R, Hobbs KS, Pan T, Gibson EA, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Milush J, Busch MP, Stone M, Huang ML, Levy CN, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, Jerome KR, Henrich TJ, Deeks …
• Host variation in type I interferon signaling genes (MX1), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 gene, and major histocompatibility complex class I alleles in treated HIV+ noncontrollers predict viral reservoir size.
  AIDS (London, England) 2022 Siegel DA, Thanh C, Wan E, Hoh R, Hobbs K, Pan T, Gibson EA, Kroetz DL, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Martin M, Carrington M, Pillai S, Busch MP, Stone M, Levy CN, Huang ML, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, …
• HIV Disease Dynamics and Markers of Inflammation and CNS Injury During Primary HIV Infection and Their Relationship to Cognitive Performance.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2022 Longino AA, Paul R, Wang Y, Lama JR, Brandes P, Ruiz E, Correa C, Keating S, Spudich SS, Pilcher C, Vecchio A, Pasalar S, Bender Ignacio RA, Valdez R, Dasgupta S, Robertson K, Duerr A
• Microdrop Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sequencing for Incidence and Drug Resistance Surveillance.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2021 Park SY, Faraci G, Murphy G, Pilcher C, Busch MP, Lee HY
• Clinical and Immunologic Outcomes After Immediate or Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation During Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Sabes Randomized Clinical Study.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2021 Lama JR, Ignacio RAB, Alfaro R, Rios J, Cartagena JG, Valdez R, Bain C, Barbarán KS, Villaran MV, Pilcher CD, Gonzales P, Sanchez J, Duerr A
• TCF-1 regulates HIV-specific CD8+ T cell expansion capacity.
  JCI insight 2021 Rutishauser RL, Deguit CDT, Hiatt J, Blaeschke F, Roth TL, Wang L, Raymond KA, Starke CE, Mudd JC, Chen W, Smullin C, Matus-Nicodemos R, Hoh R, Krone M, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Martin JN, Koup RA, Douek…
• A Data-Driven Rationale for High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Mass Screening Programs.
  JAMA network open 2020 Pilcher CD
• Group Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus 2 to Enable Rapid Scale-up of Testing and Real-Time Surveillance of Incidence.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2020 Pilcher CD, Westreich D, Hudgens MG
• Seminal Plasma-Derived Extracellular-Vesicle Fractions from HIV-Infected Men Exhibit Unique MicroRNA Signatures and Induce a Proinflammatory Response in Cells Isolated from the Female Reproductive Tract.
  Journal of virology 2020 Marques de Menezes EG, Jang K, George AF, Nyegaard M, Neidleman J, Inglis HC, Danesh A, Deng X, Afshari A, Kim YH, Billaud JN, Marson K, Pilcher CD, Pillai SK, Norris PJ, Roan NR
• Semen virome of men with HIV on or off antiretroviral treatment.
  AIDS (London, England) 2020 Li Y, Altan E, Pilcher C, Hartogensis W, Hecht FM, Deng X, Delwart E
• Seminal plasma promotes decidualization of endometrial stromal fibroblasts in vitro from women with and without inflammatory disorders in a manner dependent on interleukin-11 signaling.
  Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2020 George AF, Jang KS, Nyegaard M, Neidleman J, Spitzer TL, Xie G, Chen JC, Herzig E, Laustsen A, Marques de Menezes EG, Houshdaran S, Pilcher CD, Norris PJ, Jakobsen MR, Greene WC, Giudice LC, Roan NR
• Interpreting HIV diagnostic histories into infection time estimates: analytical framework and online tool.
  BMC infectious diseases 2019 Grebe E, Facente SN, Bingham J, Pilcher CD, Powrie A, Gerber J, Priede G, Chibawara T, Busch MP, Murphy G, Kassanjee R, Welte A, Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (…
• Some Aspects of CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion Are Associated With Altered T-Cell Mitochondrial Features and ROS Content in HIV Infection.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2019 Deguit CDT, Hough M, Hoh R, Krone M, Pilcher CD, Martin JN, Deeks SG, McCune JM, Hunt PW, Rutishauser RL
• Performance comparison of the Maxim and Sedia Limiting Antigen Avidity assays for HIV incidence surveillance.
  PloS one 2019 Sempa JB, Welte A, Busch MP, Hall J, Hampton D, Facente SN, Keating SM, Marson K, Parkin N, Pilcher CD, Murphy G, Grebe E, Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA…
• Challenges to the performance of current HIV diagnostic assays and the need for centralized specimen archives: a review of the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) repository.
  Gates open research 2019 Facente SN, Busch MP, Grebe E, Pilcher CD, Welte A, Rice B, Murphy G
• A generalizable method for estimating duration of HIV infections using clinical testing history and HIV test results.
  AIDS (London, England) 2019 Pilcher CD, Porco TC, Facente SN, Grebe E, Delaney KP, Masciotra S, Kassanjee R, Busch MP, Murphy G, Owen SM, Welte A, Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA)
• RAPID antiretroviral therapy: high virologic suppression rates with immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation in a vulnerable urban clinic population.
  AIDS (London, England) 2019 Coffey S, Bacchetti P, Sachdev D, Bacon O, Jones D, Ospina-Norvell C, Torres S, Lynch E, Camp C, Mercer-Slomoff R, Lee S, Christopoulos K, Pilcher C, Hsu L, Jin C, Scheer S, Havlir D, Gandhi M
• Computational analysis of antibody dynamics identifies recent HIV-1 infection.
  JCI insight 2017 Seaton KE, Vandergrift NA, Deal AW, Rountree W, Bainbridge J, Grebe E, Anderson DA, Sawant S, Shen X, Yates NL, Denny TN, Liao HX, Haynes BF, Robb ML, Parkin N, Santos BR, Garrett N, Price MA, Naniche…
• Infection Staging and Incidence Surveillance Applications of High Dynamic Range Diagnostic Immuno-Assay Platforms.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2017 Grebe E, Welte A, Hall J, Keating SM, Facente SN, Marson K, Martin JN, Little SJ, Price MA, Kallas EG, Busch MP, Pilcher CD, Murphy G
• PP5.3 TCF-1 expression is associated with HIV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferative capacity.
  Journal of virus eradication 2017 R. Rutishauser, C.D. Deguit, R. Hoh, M. Hough, M. Krone, R.-P. Sékaly, F.M. Hecht, C.D. Pilcher, J.N. Martin, J.M. Mccune, S.G. Deeks, P.W. Hunt
• Anti-HERV-K (HML-2) capsid antibody responses in HIV elite controllers.
  Retrovirology 2017 de Mulder M, SenGupta D, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Sacha JB, Nixon DF, Michaud HA
• HIV Antibody Level as a Marker of HIV Persistence and Low-Level Viral Replication.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2017 Keating SM, Pilcher CD, Jain V, Lebedeva M, Hampton D, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Murphy G, Welte A, Facente SN, Hecht F, Deeks SG, Pillai SK, Busch MP
• Clinical and public health implications of acute and early HIV detection and treatment: a scoping review.
  Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017 Rutstein SE, Ananworanich J, Fidler S, Johnson C, Sanders EJ, Sued O, Saez-Cirion A, Pilcher CD, Fraser C, Cohen MS, Vitoria M, Doherty M, Tucker JD
• Semen amyloids participate in spermatozoa selection and clearance.
  eLife 2017 Roan NR, Sandi-Monroy N, Kohgadai N, Usmani SM, Hamil KG, Neidleman J, Montano M, Ständker L, Röcker A, Cavrois M, Rosen J, Marson K, Smith JF, Pilcher CD, Gagsteiger F, Sakk O, O'Rand M, Lishko PV, …
• Early and Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy Results in Comparable Reductions in CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion Marker Expression.
  AIDS research and human retroviruses 2017 Rutishauser RL, Hartogensis W, Deguit CD, Krone M, Hoh R, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Bacchetti P, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, McCune JM
• Real-world performance of the new US HIV testing algorithm in medical settings.
  Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 2017 Marson KG, Marlin R, Pham P, Cohen SE, Jones D, Roemer M, Peters PJ, Haller B, Pilcher CD
• Limitations of using the Lorenz curve framework to understand the distribution of population viral load: authors' reply.
  AIDS (London, England) 2017 Christopoulos KA, Hartogensis W, Glidden DV, Pilcher CD, Gandhi M, Geng EH
• Comparison of cross-sectional HIV incidence assay results from dried blood spots and plasma.
  PloS one 2017 Schlusser KE, Pilcher C, Kallas EG, Santos BR, Deeks SG, Facente S, Keating SM, Busch MP, Murphy G, Welte A, Quinn T, Eshleman SH, Laeyendecker O
• The Lorenz curve: a novel method for understanding viral load distribution at the population level.
  AIDS (London, England) 2017 Christopoulos KA, Hartogensis W, Glidden DV, Pilcher CD, Gandhi M, Geng EH
• The Effect of Same-Day Observed Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Viral Load and Treatment Outcomes in a US Public Health Setting.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2017 Pilcher CD, Ospina-Norvell C, Dasgupta A, Jones D, Hartogensis W, Torres S, Calderon F, Demicco E, Geng E, Gandhi M, Havlir DV, Hatano H
• Performance of the Bio-Rad Geenius HIV1/2 Supplemental Assay in Detecting "Recent" HIV Infection and Calculating Population Incidence.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2016 Keating SM, Kassanjee R, Lebedeva M, Facente SN, MacArthur JC, Grebe E, Murphy G, Welte A, Martin JN, Little S, Price MA, Kallas EG, Busch MP, Pilcher CD
• Viral load criteria and threshold optimization to improve HIV incidence assay characteristics.
  AIDS (London, England) 2016 Kassanjee R, Pilcher CD, Busch MP, Murphy G, Facente SN, Keating SM, Mckinney E, Marson K, Price MA, Martin JN, Little SJ, Hecht FM, Kallas EG, Welte A, Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance …
• Editorial Commentary: Timing Is Everything: Shortcomings of Current HIV Diagnostics in the Early Treatment Era.
  Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016 Keating SM, Pilcher CD, Busch MP
• Selection of a potential diagnostic biomarker for HIV infection from a random library of non-biological synthetic peptoid oligomers.
  Journal of immunological methods 2016 Gearhart TL, Montelaro RC, Schurdak ME, Pilcher CD, Rinaldo CR, Kodadek T, Park Y, Islam K, Yurko R, Marques ET, Burke DS
• PP 3.14 HIV antibodies as markers of HIV systemic reservoir and replication activity.
  Journal of virus eradication 2015 S.M. Keating, V. Jain, S.G. Deeks, C.D. Pilcher, M.P. Busch
• Efficient Identification of HIV Serodiscordant Couples by Existing HIV Testing Programs in South Brazil.
  PloS one 2015 Pilcher CD, Bisol CA, Paganella MP, Vallabhaneni S, da Motta LR, Kato SK, Sperhacke RD, Kallas EG, Hecht FM, Diaz RS
• Gut-Resident Lactobacillus Abundance Associates with IDO1 Inhibition and Th17 Dynamics in SIV-Infected Macaques.
  Cell reports 2015 Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Swainson LA, Chu SN, Ortiz AM, Santee CA, Petriello A, Dunham RM, Fadrosh DW, Lin DL, Faruqi AA, Huang Y, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Klatt NR, Brenchley JM, Lynch …
• Newly Exerted T Cell Pressures on Mutated Epitopes following Transmission Help Maintain Consensus HIV-1 Sequences.
  PloS one 2015 Eriksson EM, Liegler T, Keh CE, Karlsson AC, Holditch SJ, Pilcher CD, Loeb L, Nixon DF, Hecht FM
• Longitudinal Genetic Characterization Reveals That Cell Proliferation Maintains a Persistent HIV Type 1 DNA Pool During Effective HIV Therapy.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2015 von Stockenstrom S, Odevall L, Lee E, Sinclair E, Bacchetti P, Killian M, Epling L, Shao W, Hoh R, Ho T, Faria NR, Lemey P, Albert J, Hunt P, Loeb L, Pilcher C, Poole L, Hatano H, Somsouk M, Douek D, …
• Select host restriction factors are associated with HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy.
  AIDS (London, England) 2015 Abdel-Mohsen M, Wang C, Strain MC, Lada SM, Deng X, Cockerham LR, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Liegler T, Richman DD, Deeks SG, Pillai SK
• How can we better identify early HIV infections?
  Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 2015 Rosenberg NE, Pilcher CD, Busch MP, Cohen MS
• High Transmissibility During Early HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-San Francisco, California.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2014 Hollingsworth TD, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Deeks SG, Fraser C
• Independent assessment of candidate HIV incidence assays on specimens in the CEPHIA repository.
  AIDS (London, England) 2014 Kassanjee R, Pilcher CD, Keating SM, Facente SN, McKinney E, Price MA, Martin JN, Little S, Hecht FM, Kallas EG, Welte A, Busch MP, Murphy G, Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV …
• Programmed death-1 expression on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in treated and untreated HIV disease.
  AIDS (London, England) 2014 Cockerham LR, Jain V, Sinclair E, Glidden DV, Hartogenesis W, Hatano H, Hunt PW, Martin JN, Pilcher CD, Sekaly R, McCune JM, Hecht FM, Deeks SG
• Dynamic regulation of host restriction factor expression over the course of HIV-1 infection in vivo.
  Journal of virology 2014 Raposo RA, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Pillai SK, Nixon DF
• Decreased HIV type 1 transcription in CCR5-Δ32 heterozygotes during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2014 Wang C, Abdel-Mohsen M, Strain MC, Lada SM, Yukl S, Cockerham LR, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Sinclair E, Liegler T, Richman DD, Deeks SG, Pillai SK
• Longitudinal characterization of depression and mood states beginning in primary HIV infection.
  AIDS and behavior 2014 Gold JA, Grill M, Peterson J, Pilcher C, Lee E, Hecht FM, Fuchs D, Yiannoutsos CT, Price RW, Robertson K, Spudich S
• Direct visualization of HIV-enhancing endogenous amyloid fibrils in human semen.
  Nature communications 2014 Usmani SM, Zirafi O, Müller JA, Sandi-Monroy NL, Yadav JK, Meier C, Weil T, Roan NR, Greene WC, Walther P, Nilsson KP, Hammarström P, Wetzel R, Pilcher CD, Gagsteiger F, Fändrich M, Kirchhoff F, Münch…
• Toward an endgame: finding and engaging people unaware of their HIV-1 infection in treatment and prevention.
  AIDS research and human retroviruses 2014 Burns DN, DeGruttola V, Pilcher CD, Kretzschmar M, Gordon CM, Flanagan EH, Duncombe C, Cohen MS
• Trans-activation, post-transcriptional maturation, and induction of antibodies to HERV-K (HML-2) envelope transmembrane protein in HIV-1 infection.
  Retrovirology 2014 Michaud HA, de Mulder M, SenGupta D, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Sacha JB, Nixon DF
• Performance of rapid point-of-care and laboratory tests for acute and established HIV infection in San Francisco.
  PloS one 2013 Pilcher CD, Louie B, Facente S, Keating S, Hackett J, Vallari A, Hall C, Dowling T, Busch MP, Klausner JD, Hecht FM, Liska S, Pandori MW
• HIV-1 Vif adaptation to human APOBEC3H haplotypes.
  Cell host & microbe 2013 Ooms M, Brayton B, Letko M, Maio SM, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Barbour JD, Simon V
• Activation associated ERK1/2 signaling impairments in CD8+ T cells co-localize with blunted polyclonal and HIV-1 specific effector functions in early untreated HIV-1 infection.
  PloS one 2013 Crawford TQ, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Ndhlovu LC, Barbour JD
• HIV-associated disruption of mucosal epithelium facilitates paracellular penetration by human papillomavirus.
  Virology 2013 Tugizov SM, Herrera R, Chin-Hong P, Veluppillai P, Greenspan D, Michael Berry J, Pilcher CD, Shiboski CH, Jay N, Rubin M, Chein A, Palefsky JM
• Patient perspectives on the experience of being newly diagnosed with HIV in the emergency department/urgent care clinic of a public hospital.
  PloS one 2013 Christopoulos KA, Massey AD, Lopez AM, Hare CB, Johnson MO, Pilcher CD, Fielding H, Dawson-Rose C
• Antiretroviral therapy initiated within 6 months of HIV infection is associated with lower T-cell activation and smaller HIV reservoir size.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2013 Jain V, Hartogensis W, Bacchetti P, Hunt PW, Hatano H, Sinclair E, Epling L, Lee TH, Busch MP, McCune JM, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Deeks SG
• Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: a study of the Berlin patient.
  PLoS pathogens 2013 Yukl SA, Boritz E, Busch M, Bentsen C, Chun TW, Douek D, Eisele E, Haase A, Ho YC, Hütter G, Justement JS, Keating S, Lee TH, Li P, Murray D, Palmer S, Pilcher C, Pillai S, Price RW, Rothenberger M, …
• HIV-1 infection induces a novel B cell response against HERV-K (HML-2) TM protein (P6209).
  The Journal of Immunology 2013 Henri-Alexandre Michaud, Miguel de Mulder, Devi SenGupta, Steven Deeks, Jeffrey Martin, Christopher Pilcher, Frederick Hecht, Jonah Sacha, Douglas Nixon
• Host correlates distinguish low-risk and high-risk HIV-1 disease progression in HLA-B*5701 individuals (P6169).
  The Journal of Immunology 2013 Andre Raposo, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Frederick Hecht, Christopher Pilcher, Satish Pillai, Douglas Nixon
• Identification of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K(HML-2))-specific mucosal CD4+ T cell responses in HIV-1-exposed, seronegative individuals (P6195).
  The Journal of Immunology 2013 Devi SenGupta, Susan Ribeiro, Henri-Alexandre Michaud, Liyen Loh, Ravi Tandon, R. Jones, Keith Garrison, Vanessa York, Edecio Cunha-Neto, Mario Ostrowski, Christopher Pilcher, Frederick Hecht, Jeff …
• "Taking a half day at a time:" patient perspectives and the HIV engagement in care continuum.
  AIDS patient care and STDs 2013 Christopoulos KA, Massey AD, Lopez AM, Geng EH, Johnson MO, Pilcher CD, Fielding H, Dawson-Rose C
• T cells target APOBEC3 proteins in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected humans and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected Indian rhesus macaques.
  Journal of virology 2013 Champiat S, Garrison KE, Raposo RA, Burwitz BJ, Reed J, Tandon R, York VA, Newman LP, Nimityongskul FA, Wilson NA, Almeida RR, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Rosenberg MG, Wiznia AA, Spotts GE, Pilcher CD, …
• Changes in seroadaptive practices from before to after diagnosis of recent HIV infection among men who have sex with men.
  PloS one 2013 Vallabhaneni S, McConnell JJ, Loeb L, Hartogensis W, Hecht FM, Grant RM, Pilcher CD
• Leveraging a rapid, round-the-clock HIV testing system to screen for acute HIV infection in a large urban public medical center.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2013 Christopoulos KA, Zetola NM, Klausner JD, Haller B, Louie B, Hare CB, Pandori M, Nassos P, Roemer M, Pilcher CD
• Seroadaptive practices: association with HIV acquisition among HIV-negative men who have sex with men.
  PloS one 2012 Vallabhaneni S, Li X, Vittinghoff E, Donnell D, Pilcher CD, Buchbinder SP
• Influence of HAART on alternative reading frame immune responses over the course of HIV-1 infection.
  PloS one 2012 Champiat S, Raposo RA, Maness NJ, Lehman JL, Purtell SE, Hasenkrug AM, Miller JC, Dean H, Koff WC, Hong MA, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Spotts GE, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Kallas EG, Garrison KE, Nixon DF
• Adjusting for sampling variability in sparse data: geostatistical approaches to disease mapping.
  International journal of health geographics 2011 Hampton KH, Serre ML, Gesink DC, Pilcher CD, Miller WC
• Identifying the early post-HIV antibody seroconversion period.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2011 Hecht FM, Wellman R, Busch MP, Pilcher CD, Norris PJ, Margolick JB, Collier AC, Little SJ, Markowitz M, Routy JP, Holte S, Acute Infection Early Disease Research Program
• Performance of risk-based criteria for targeting acute HIV screening in San Francisco.
  PloS one 2011 Facente SN, Pilcher CD, Hartogensis WE, Klausner JD, Philip SS, Louie B, Christopoulos KA, Dowling T, Colfax GN
• Sexual partnership patterns in malawi: implications for HIV/STI transmission.
  Sexually transmitted diseases 2011 Powers KA, Hoffman IF, Ghani AC, Hosseinipour MC, Pilcher CD, Price MA, Pettifor AE, Chilongozi DA, Martinson FE, Cohen MS, Miller WC
• Differential persistence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance mutation classes.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2011 Jain V, Sucupira MC, Bacchetti P, Hartogensis W, Diaz RS, Kallas EG, Janini LM, Liegler T, Pilcher CD, Grant RM, Cortes R, Deeks SG, Hecht FM
• Transmitted drug resistance in persons with acute/early HIV-1 in San Francisco, 2002-2009.
  PloS one 2010 Jain V, Liegler T, Vittinghoff E, Hartogensis W, Bacchetti P, Poole L, Loeb L, Pilcher CD, Grant RM, Deeks SG, Hecht FM
• Beyond detuning: 10 years of progress and new challenges in the development and application of assays for HIV incidence estimation.
  AIDS (London, England) 2010 Busch MP, Pilcher CD, Mastro TD, Kaldor J, Vercauteren G, Rodriguez W, Rousseau C, Rehle TM, Welte A, Averill MD, Garcia Calleja JM, WHO Working Group on HIV Incidence Assays
• PCR-based pooling of dried blood spots for detection of malaria parasites: optimization and application to a cohort of Ugandan children.
  Journal of clinical microbiology 2010 Hsiang MS, Lin M, Dokomajilar C, Kemere J, Pilcher CD, Dorsey G, Greenhouse B
• Acute HIV-1 infection is highly prevalent in Ugandan adults with suspected malaria.
  AIDS (London, England) 2010 Bebell LM, Pilcher CD, Dorsey G, Havlir D, Kamya MR, Busch MP, Dunn Williams J, Nugent CT, Bentsen C, Rosenthal PJ, Charlebois ED
• Public health rationale for rapid nucleic acid or p24 antigen tests for HIV.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2010 Pilcher CD, Christopoulos KA, Golden M
• Oral cyclosporin A inhibits CD4 T cell P-glycoprotein activity in HIV-infected adults initiating treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
  European journal of clinical pharmacology 2009 Hulgan T, Donahue JP, Smeaton L, Pu M, Wang H, Lederman MM, Smith K, Valdez H, Pilcher C, Haas DW, AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5138 Team
• Sexually transmitted infections among patients with acute HIV in North Carolina.
  Sexually transmitted diseases 2009 McCoy SI, Eron JJ, Kuruc JD, Strauss RP, Macdonald PD, Fiscus SA, Barnhart J, Pilcher CD, Leone PA, Miller WC
• Targeted testing for acute HIV infection in North Carolina.
  AIDS (London, England) 2009 Miller WC, Leone PA, McCoy S, Nguyen TQ, Williams DE, Pilcher CD
• Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among acute and recent HIV infections in North Carolina from 1998 to 2007.
  Antiviral therapy 2009 Hurt CB, McCoy SI, Kuruc J, Nelson JA, Kerkau M, Fiscus S, McGee K, Sebastian J, Leone P, Pilcher C, Hicks C, Eron J
• The deadliest catch: fishing for HIV in new waters.
  Annals of internal medicine 2008 Pilcher CD, Hare CB
• Optimizing screening for acute human immunodeficiency virus infection with pooled nucleic acid amplification tests.
  Journal of clinical microbiology 2008 Westreich DJ, Hudgens MG, Fiscus SA, Pilcher CD
• Inferring HIV transmission dynamics from phylogenetic sequence relationships.
  PLoS medicine 2008 Pilcher CD, Wong JK, Pillai SK
• Clinical presentation and diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection.
  Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 2008 Daar ES, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM
• Frequent detection of acute HIV infection in pregnant women.
  AIDS (London, England) 2007 Patterson KB, Leone PA, Fiscus SA, Kuruc J, McCoy SI, Wolf L, Foust E, Williams D, Eron JJ, Pilcher CD
• Improved detection of acute HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa: development of a risk score algorithm.
  AIDS (London, England) 2007 Powers KA, Miller WC, Pilcher CD, Mapanje C, Martinson FE, Fiscus SA, Chilongozi DA, Namakhwa D, Price MA, Galvin SR, Hoffman IF, Cohen MS, Malawi UNC Project Acute HIV Study Team
• Amplified transmission of HIV-1: comparison of HIV-1 concentrations in semen and blood during acute and chronic infection.
  AIDS (London, England) 2007 Pilcher CD, Joaki G, Hoffman IF, Martinson FE, Mapanje C, Stewart PW, Powers KA, Galvin S, Chilongozi D, Gama S, Price MA, Fiscus SA, Cohen MS
• Comparison of group testing algorithms for case identification in the presence of test error.
  Biometrics 2007 Kim HY, Hudgens MG, Dreyfuss JM, Westreich DJ, Pilcher CD
• Intensification of a triple-nucleoside regimen with tenofovir or efavirenz in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression.
  AIDS (London, England) 2007 Gulick RM, Lalama CM, Ribaudo HJ, Shikuma CM, Schackman BR, Schouten J, Squires KE, Koletar SL, Pilcher CD, Reichman RC, Klingman KL, Kuritzkes DR
• Diagnosis and management of acute HIV infection.
  Infectious disease clinics of North America 2007 Zetola NM, Pilcher CD
• Detection of acute HIV infections in an urban HIV counseling and testing population in the United States.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2007 Priddy FH, Pilcher CD, Moore RH, Tambe P, Park MN, Fiscus SA, Feinberg MB, del Rio C
• Lessons from primary HIV infection.
  Focus (San Francisco, Calif.) 2007 Hecht F, Pilcher C
• Rapid, real-time detection of acute HIV infection in patients in Africa.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2006 Fiscus SA, Pilcher CD, Miller WC, Powers KA, Hoffman IF, Price M, Chilongozi DA, Mapanje C, Krysiak R, Gama S, Martinson FE, Cohen MS, Malawi-University of North Carolina Project Acute HIV Infection …
• Acute HIV revisited: new opportunities for treatment and prevention.
  Journal of Clinical Investigation 2006 Christopher D. Pilcher, Joseph J. Eron, Shannon Galvin, Cynthia Gay, Myron S. Cohen
• A randomized, partially blinded phase 2 trial of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-specific immunizations, and interleukin-2 cycles to promote efficient control of viral replication (ACTG A5024).
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2006 Kilby JM, Bucy RP, Mildvan D, Fischl M, Santana-Bagur J, Lennox J, Pilcher C, Zolopa A, Lawrence J, Pollard RB, Habib RE, Sahner D, Fox L, Aga E, Bosch RJ, Mitsuyasu R, Adult AIDS Clinical Trials …
• Approaching "HIV elimination": interventions for acute HIV infection.
  Current HIV/AIDS reports 2006 Pilcher CD, Eaton L, Kalichman S, Bisol C, de Souza Rda S
• Three- vs four-drug antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomized controlled trial.
  JAMA 2006 Gulick RM, Ribaudo HJ, Shikuma CM, Lalama C, Schackman BR, Meyer WA, Acosta EP, Schouten J, Squires KE, Pilcher CD, Murphy RL, Koletar SL, Carlson M, Reichman RC, Bastow B, Klingman KL, Kuritzkes DR, …
• Amplified HIV Transmission: The Missing Link in the HIV Pandemic?.
  Retrovirology 2005 MS Cohen, C Pilcher, JJ Eron, PA Leone, SA Fiscus, R Swanstrom
• Detection of acute infections during HIV testing in North Carolina.
  The New England journal of medicine 2005 Pilcher CD, Fiscus SA, Nguyen TQ, Foust E, Wolf L, Williams D, Ashby R, O'Dowd JO, McPherson JT, Stalzer B, Hightow L, Miller WC, Eron JJ, Cohen MS, Leone PA
• Surveillance for HIV-1 incidence using tests for recent infection in resource-constrained countries.
  AIDS (London, England) 2005 McDougal JS, Pilcher CD, Parekh BS, Gershy-Damet G, Branson BM, Marsh K, Wiktor SZ
• The unexpected movement of the HIV epidemic in the Southeastern United States: transmission among college students.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2005 Hightow LB, MacDonald PD, Pilcher CD, Kaplan AH, Foust E, Nguyen TQ, Leone PA
• Amplified HIV transmission and new approaches to HIV prevention.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2005 Cohen MS, Pilcher CD
• Multiple V1/V2 env variants are frequently present during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
  Journal of virology 2004 Ritola K, Pilcher CD, Fiscus SA, Hoffman NG, Nelson JA, Kitrinos KM, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Swanstrom R
• Triple-nucleoside regimens versus efavirenz-containing regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection.
  The New England journal of medicine 2004 Gulick RM, Ribaudo HJ, Shikuma CM, Lustgarten S, Squires KE, Meyer WA, Acosta EP, Schackman BR, Pilcher CD, Murphy RL, Maher WE, Witt MD, Reichman RC, Snyder S, Klingman KL, Kuritzkes DR, AIDS …
• Brief but efficient: acute HIV infection and the sexual transmission of HIV.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2004 Pilcher CD, Tien HC, Eron JJ, Vernazza PL, Leu SY, Stewart PW, Goh LE, Cohen MS, Quest Study, Duke-UNC-Emory Acute HIV Consortium
• Acute HIV revisited: new opportunities for treatment and prevention.
  The Journal of clinical investigation 2004 Pilcher CD, Eron JJ, Galvin S, Gay C, Cohen MS
• Absence of sustained hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients with risk factors for mitochondrial toxicity.
  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2004 Wohl DA, Pilcher CD, Evans S, Revuelta M, McComsey G, Yang Y, Zackin R, Alston B, Welch S, Basar M, Kashuba A, Kondo P, Martinez A, Giardini J, Quinn J, Littles M, Wingfield H, Koletar SL, Adult AIDS …
• HIV infection: point-of-care testing.
  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2004 Donovan BJ, Rublein JC, Leone PA, Pilcher CD
• Frequent detection of acute primary HIV infection in men in Malawi.
  AIDS (London, England) 2004 Pilcher CD, Price MA, Hoffman IF, Galvin S, Martinson FE, Kazembe PN, Eron JJ, Miller WC, Fiscus SA, Cohen MS
• Envelope diversity, coreceptor usage and syncytium-inducing phenotype of HIV-1 variants in saliva and blood during primary infection.
  AIDS (London, England) 2003 Freel SA, Fiscus SA, Pilcher CD, Menezes P, Giner J, Patrick E, Lennox JL, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Shugars DC
• Infrequent diagnosis of primary human immunodeficiency virus infection: missed opportunities in acute care settings.
  Archives of internal medicine 2003 Weintrob AC, Giner J, Menezes P, Patrick E, Benjamin DK, Lennox J, Pilcher CD, Eron JJ, Hicks CB
• Real-time, universal screening for acute HIV infection in a routine HIV counseling and testing population.
  JAMA 2002 Pilcher CD, McPherson JT, Leone PA, Smurzynski M, Owen-O'Dowd J, Peace-Brewer AL, Harris J, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Fiscus SA
• Diagnosing primary HIV infection.
  Annals of internal medicine 2002 Pilcher CD, Wohl DA, Hicks CB
• HIV antigens can induce TGF-beta(1)-producing immunoregulatory CD8+ T cells.
  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2002 Garba ML, Pilcher CD, Bingham AL, Eron J, Frelinger JA