Cheryl Stoddart, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Medicine
School of Medicine

My research has focused on the use of the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse model for preclinical evaluation of antiviral compounds and immunomodulating agents. The Thy/Liv model is constructed by implantation of organs supportive of human multilineage hematopoiesis and T-cell development (e.g., fetal liver and thymus) into the immunodeficient C.B-17 scid/scid mouse.

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Since 2000, I have been the Principal Investigator for a sole-sourced contract from NIH/NIAID, Tissue-Based Small Animal Model for HIV Drug Discovery funded to carry out these drug evaluations. The model has also been shown to be receptive to the surgical implantation of a number of other hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic human organ systems, including lymph node, small and large intestine, lung, skin, pituitary, ovary, and placenta. Mice with such implanted organs represent potential models that could be used to discover and evaluate stem cell populations normally resident within each of these organs.

Education & Training

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• Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training University of California 2019
• Postdoctoral Host-Parasite Interaction Stanford University 06/1992
• PhD Virology Cornell University 05/1989
• MS Virology Cornell University 08/1983
• BS Biology Lebanon Valley College 05/1979

Grants and Projects

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• Dmid Clinical Research Operations and Management Support, NIH, 1900-2022
• Single-chain antibodies to block HIV transcription and prevent reactivation from latently infected resting CD4+ T cells, NIH, 2020-2022
• Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 for sustained remission of HIV from persistent tissue reservoirs, NIH, 2020-2021
• Heat shock protein 90 and HIV persistence, NIH, 2013-2016
• Igf::Ot::Igf "Humanized Mouse Models for Hiv Therapeutics Development", NIH, 2013-2014
• Tissue Based Small Animal Model for HIV Drug Discovery, NIH, 2006-2013
• Tissue-based Small Animal Model for Hiv Drug Discovery, NIH/NIAID, 2000-2007
• Tissue Based Small Animal Model for HIV Drug Discovery, NIH/NIAID, 2006-1900

Publications (68)

Top publication keywords:
Anti-HIV AgentsHIV-1Cytomegalovirus InfectionsDeoxyadenosinesDisease ReservoirsMice, SCIDInterferon-alphaHSP90 Heat-Shock ProteinsHIV Fusion InhibitorsHIVReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsThymus GlandHIV InfectionsVirus ReplicationLymphoid Tissue

• Comparative Pharmacokinetics of a Dual Inhibitor of HIV-1, NBD-14189, in Rats and Dogs with a Proof-of-Concept Evaluation of Antiviral Potency in SCID-hu Mouse Model.
  Viruses 2022 Stoddart CA, Curreli F, Horrigan S, Altieri A, Kurkin AV, Debnath AK
• Genetically edited CD34+ cells derived from human iPS cells in vivo but not in vitro engraft and differentiate into HIV-resistant cells.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2021 Morvan MG, Teque F, Ye L, Moreno ME, Wang J, VandenBerg S, Stoddart CA, Kan YW, Levy JA
• Immunotherapeutic Blockade of CD47 Inhibitory Signaling Enhances Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Viral Infection.
  Cell reports 2020 Cham LB, Torrez Dulgeroff LB, Tal MC, Adomati T, Li F, Bhat H, Huang A, Lang PA, Moreno ME, Rivera JM, Galkina SA, Kosikova G, Stoddart CA, McCune JM, Myers LM, Weissman IL, Lang KS, Hasenkrug KJ
• Cellular HIV Reservoirs and Viral Rebound from the Lymphoid Compartments of 4'-Ethynyl-2-Fluoro-2'-Deoxyadenosine (EFdA)-Suppressed Humanized Mice.
  Viruses 2019 Maidji E, Moreno ME, Rivera JM, Joshi P, Galkina SA, Kosikova G, Somsouk M, Stoddart CA
• Increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity and infectious burden in peripheral blood and gut-associated CD4+ T cells expressing CD30.
  PLoS pathogens 2018 Hogan LE, Vasquez J, Hobbs KS, Hanhauser E, Aguilar-Rodriguez B, Hussien R, Thanh C, Gibson EA, Carvidi AB, Smith LCB, Khan S, Trapecar M, Sanjabi S, Somsouk M, Stoddart CA, Kuritzkes DR, Deeks SG, …

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• Elucidating the Burden of HIV in Tissues Using Multiplexed Immunofluorescence and In Situ Hybridization: Methods for the Single-Cell Phenotypic Characterization of Cells Harboring HIV In Situ.
  The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 2018 Vasquez JJ, Hussien R, Aguilar-Rodriguez B, Junger H, Dobi D, Henrich TJ, Thanh C, Gibson E, Hogan LE, McCune J, Hunt PW, Stoddart CA, Laszik ZG
• Eradication of HIV from Tissue Reservoirs: Challenges for the Cure.
  AIDS research and human retroviruses 2017 Rose R, Nolan DJ, Maidji E, Stoddart CA, Singer EJ, Lamers SL, McGrath MS
• Replication of CMV in the gut of HIV-infected individuals and epithelial barrier dysfunction.
  PLoS pathogens 2017 Maidji E, Somsouk M, Rivera JM, Hunt PW, Stoddart CA
• HIV DNA Is Frequently Present within Pathologic Tissues Evaluated at Autopsy from Combined Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Patients with Undetectable Viral Loads.
  Journal of virology 2016 Lamers SL, Rose R, Maidji E, Agsalda-Garcia M, Nolan DJ, Fogel GB, Salemi M, Garcia DL, Bracci P, Yong W, Commins D, Said J, Khanlou N, Hinkin CH, Sueiras MV, Mathisen G, Donovan S, Shiramizu B, …
• HIV Maintains an Evolving and Dispersed Population in Multiple Tissues during Suppressive Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Individuals with Cancer.
  Journal of virology 2016 Rose R, Lamers SL, Nolan DJ, Maidji E, Faria NR, Pybus OG, Dollar JJ, Maruniak SA, McAvoy AC, Salemi M, Stoddart CA, Singer EJ, McGrath MS
• Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90 Prevents HIV Rebound.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2016 Joshi P, Maidji E, Stoddart CA
• Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Fails to Fully Regenerate the B-Lymphocyte Compartment.
  Stem cell reports 2015 Ghosn EE, Waters J, Phillips M, Yamamoto R, Long BR, Yang Y, Gerstein R, Stoddart CA, Nakauchi H, Herzenberg LA
• The meningeal lymphatic system: a route for HIV brain migration?
  Journal of neurovirology 2015 Lamers SL, Rose R, Ndhlovu LC, Nolan DJ, Salemi M, Maidji E, Stoddart CA, McGrath MS
• Oral administration of the nucleoside EFdA (4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine) provides rapid suppression of HIV viremia in humanized mice and favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mice and the rhesus macaque.
  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2015 Stoddart CA, Galkina SA, Joshi P, Kosikova G, Moreno ME, Rivera JM, Sloan B, Reeve AB, Sarafianos SG, Murphey-Corb M, Parniak MA
• CD8-positive lymphocytes in graft-versus-host disease of humanized NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid)Il2rg(tm1Wjl)/SzJ mice.
  Journal of comparative pathology 2015 Laing ST, Griffey SM, Moreno ME, Stoddart CA
• Efficacy of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody PG16 in HIV-infected humanized mice.
  Virology 2014 Stoddart CA, Galkina SA, Joshi P, Kosikova G, Long BR, Maidji E, Moreno ME, Rivera JM, Sanford UR, Sloan B, Cieplak W, Wrin T, Chan-Hui PY
• Heat shock protein 90AB1 and hyperthermia rescue infectivity of HIV with defective cores.
  Virology 2012 Joshi P, Sloan B, Torbett BE, Stoddart CA
• Impaired surfactant production by alveolar epithelial cells in a SCID-hu lung mouse model of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection.
  Journal of virology 2012 Maidji E, Kosikova G, Joshi P, Stoddart CA
• OMIP-012: Phenotypic and numeric determination of human leukocyte reconstitution in humanized mice.
  Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 2012 Long BR, Stoddart CA
• Preexposure prophylaxis with albumin-conjugated C34 peptide HIV-1 fusion inhibitor in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice.
  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2012 Stoddart CA, Nault G, Galkina SA, Bousquet-Gagnon N, Bridon D, Quraishi O
• Alpha interferon and HIV infection cause activation of human T cells in NSG-BLT mice.
  Journal of virology 2012 Long BR, Stoddart CA
• Derivation of non-infectious envelope proteins from virions isolated from plasma negative for HIV antibodies.
  Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization 2011 Vyas GN, Stoddart CA, Killian MS, Brennan TV, Goldberg T, Ziman A, Bryson Y
• Potential role of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in HIV uncoating.
  Retrovirology 2011 Pheroze Joshi, Cheryl A Stoddart
• Abacavir increases platelet reactivity via competitive inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase.
  AIDS (London, England) 2011 Baum PD, Sullam PM, Stoddart CA, McCune JM
• Superior human leukocyte reconstitution and susceptibility to vaginal HIV transmission in humanized NOD-scid IL-2Rγ(-/-) (NSG) BLT mice.
  Virology 2011 Stoddart CA, Maidji E, Galkina SA, Kosikova G, Rivera JM, Moreno ME, Sloan B, Joshi P, Long BR
• Impaired infectivity of ritonavir-resistant HIV is rescued by heat shock protein 90AB1.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2011 Joshi P, Stoddart CA
• How we achieve tolerance for our mothers: evidence for a layered immune system in humans (64.1).
  The Journal of Immunology 2011 Jeffrey Mold, Shivkumar Venkatasubrahmanyam, Trevor Burt, Jakob Michaelsson, Kenneth Weinberg, Douglas Nixon, Cheryl Stoddart, Joseph McCune
• HIV disease progression correlates with the generation of dysfunctional naive CD8(low) T cells.
  Blood 2011 Favre D, Stoddart CA, Emu B, Hoh R, Martin JN, Hecht FM, Deeks SG, McCune JM
• Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells give rise to distinct T cell lineages in humans.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2010 Mold JE, Venkatasubrahmanyam S, Burt TD, Michaëlsson J, Rivera JM, Galkina SA, Weinberg K, Stoddart CA, McCune JM
• An Albumin-Conjugated Peptide Exhibits Potent Anti-HIV Activity and Long In Vivo Half-Life.
  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2010 Dong Xie, Cheng Yao, Li Wang, Cheryl A. Stoddart, Roger G. Ptak, Wenjie Min, Jiahong Xu, Jiahai Xiao, Mingxian Huang, Bo Chen, Bin Liu, Xiaolin Li, He Jiang
• How the immune system ‘Grows up’: evidence supporting the existence of a layered immune system.
  Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2010 J.E. Mold, S. Venkatasubrahmanyam, T.D. Burt, J. Rivera, S.A. Galkina, K. Weinberg, A. Butte, C.A. Stoddart, J.M. McCune
• IFN-alpha-induced upregulation of CCR5 leads to expanded HIV tropism in vivo.
  PLoS pathogens 2010 Stoddart CA, Keir ME, McCune JM
• Albumin-conjugated C34 peptide HIV-1 fusion inhibitor: equipotent to C34 and T-20 in vitro with sustained activity in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2008 Stoddart CA, Nault G, Galkina SA, Thibaudeau K, Bakis P, Bousquet-Gagnon N, Robitaille M, Bellomo M, Paradis V, Liscourt P, Lobach A, Rivard ME, Ptak RG, Mankowski MK, Bridon D, Quraishi O
• Potent activity of the HIV-1 maturation inhibitor bevirimat in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice.
  PloS one 2007 Stoddart CA, Joshi P, Sloan B, Bare JC, Smith PC, Allaway GP, Wild CT, Martin DE
• Validation of the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse model with four classes of licensed antiretrovirals.
  PloS one 2007 Stoddart CA, Bales CA, Bare JC, Chkhenkeli G, Galkina SA, Kinkade AN, Moreno ME, Rivera JM, Ronquillo RE, Sloan B, Black PL
• Dysoxylins A-D, tetranortriterpenoids with potent anti-RSV activity from Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum.
  Journal of natural products 2007 Chen JL, Kernan MR, Jolad SD, Stoddart CA, Bogan M, Cooper R
• Cytotrophoblast induction of arterial apoptosis and lymphangiogenesis in an in vivo model of human placentation.
  Journal of Clinical Investigation 2006 K. Red-Horse, J. Rivera, A. Schanz, Y. Zhou, V. Winn, M. Kapidzic, E. Maltepe, K. Okazaki, R. Kochman, K. C. Vo, L. Giudice, A. Erlebacher, J. M. McCune, C. A. Stoddart, S. J. Fisher
• Cytotrophoblast induction of arterial apoptosis and lymphangiogenesis in an in vivo model of human placentation.
  The Journal of clinical investigation 2006 Red-Horse K, Rivera J, Schanz A, Zhou Y, Winn V, Kapidzic M, Maltepe E, Okazaki K, Kochman R, Vo KC, Giudice L, Erlebacher A, McCune JM, Stoddart CA, Fisher SJ
• Models of HIV-1 disease: A review of current status.
  Drug Discovery Today Disease Models 2006 Cheryl A. Stoddart, Richard A. Reyes
• Suppression of lymphocyte egress in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.
  The FASEB Journal 2006 Richard A Reyes, Cheryl Stoddart
• Literature watch. Cytotrophoblast induction of arterial apoptosis and lymphangiogenesis in an in vivo model of human placentation.
  Lymphatic research and biology 2006 Red-Horse K, Rivera J, Schanz A, Zhou Y, Winn V, Kapidzic M, Maltepe E, Okazaki K, Kochman R, Vo KC, Giudice L, Erlebacher A, McCune JM, Stoddart CA, Fisher SJ
• Naturally occurring capsid substitutions render HIV-1 cyclophilin A independent in human cells and TRIM-cyclophilin-resistant in Owl monkey cells.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2005 Chatterji U, Bobardt MD, Stanfield R, Ptak RG, Pallansch LA, Ward PA, Jones MJ, Stoddart CA, Scalfaro P, Dumont JM, Besseghir K, Rosenwirth B, Gallay PA
• Coxsackievirus B4 infection of human fetal thymus cells.
  Journal of virology 2004 Brilot F, Geenen V, Hober D, Stoddart CA
• Development of innate CD4+ alpha-chain variable gene segment 24 (Valpha24) natural killer T cells in the early human fetal thymus is regulated by IL-7.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004 Sandberg JK, Stoddart CA, Brilot F, Jordan KA, Nixon DF
• Effects of IL-7 on early human thymocyte progenitor cells in vitro and in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice.
  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2003 Napolitano LA, Stoddart CA, Hanley MB, Wieder E, McCune JM
• Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef-mediated downregulation of CD4 correlates with Nef enhancement of viral pathogenesis.
  Journal of virology 2003 Stoddart CA, Geleziunas R, Ferrell S, Linquist-Stepps V, Moreno ME, Bare C, Xu W, Yonemoto W, Bresnahan PA, McCune JM, Greene WC
• Generation of CD3+CD8low thymocytes in the HIV type 1-infected thymus.
  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2002 Keir ME, Rosenberg MG, Sandberg JK, Jordan KA, Wiznia A, Nixon DF, Stoddart CA, McCune JM
• IFN-alpha secretion by type 2 predendritic cells up-regulates MHC class I in the HIV-1-infected thymus.
  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2002 Keir ME, Stoddart CA, Linquist-Stepps V, Moreno ME, McCune JM
• SCH-C (SCH 351125), an orally bioavailable, small molecule antagonist of the chemokine receptor CCR5, is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001 Strizki JM, Xu S, Wagner NE, Wojcik L, Liu J, Hou Y, Endres M, Palani A, Shapiro S, Clader JW, Greenlee WJ, Tagat JR, McCombie S, Cox K, Fawzi AB, Chou CC, Pugliese-Sivo C, Davies L, Moreno ME, Ho DD,…
• Impaired replication of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 in human thymus.
  Nature medicine 2001 Stoddart CA, Liegler TJ, Mammano F, Linquist-Stepps VD, Hayden MS, Deeks SG, Grant RM, Clavel F, McCune JM
• Coinfection of SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice with human herpesvirus 6 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
  Journal of virology 2000 Gobbi A, Stoddart CA, Locatelli G, Santoro F, Bare C, Linquist-Stepps V, Moreno ME, Abbey NW, Herndier BG, Malnati MS, McCune JM, Lusso P
• Antiviral activity of 2'-deoxy-3'-oxa-4'-thiocytidine (BCH-10652) against lamivudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice.
  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2000 Stoddart CA, Moreno ME, Linquist-Stepps VD, Bare C, Bogan MR, Gobbi A, Buckheit RW, Bedard J, Rando RF, McCune JM
• Experimental transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) to SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice.
  The Journal of experimental medicine 1999 Dittmer D, Stoddart C, Renne R, Linquist-Stepps V, Moreno ME, Bare C, McCune JM, Ganem D
• R5 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from rapid progressors lacking X4 strains do not possess X4-type pathogenicity in human thymus.
  Journal of virology 1999 Berkowitz RD, van't Wout AB, Kootstra NA, Moreno ME, Linquist-Stepps VD, Bare C, Stoddart CA, Schuitemaker H, McCune JM
• Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) causes severe thymocyte depletion in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice.
  The Journal of experimental medicine 1999 Gobbi A, Stoddart CA, Malnati MS, Locatelli G, Santoro F, Abbey NW, Bare C, Linquist-Stepps V, Moreno MB, Herndier BG, Lusso P, McCune JM
• Chapter 129 The SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mouse An Animal Model for HIV-1 Infection.
  Handbook of Animal Models of Infection 1999 C.A. Stoddart
• CCR5- and CXCR4-utilizing strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 exhibit differential tropism and pathogenesis in vivo.
  Journal of virology 1998 Berkowitz RD, Alexander S, Bare C, Linquist-Stepps V, Bogan M, Moreno ME, Gibson L, Wieder ED, Kosek J, Stoddart CA, McCune JM
• New iridoids from the medicinal plant Barleria prionitis with potent activity against respiratory syncytial virus.
  Journal of natural products 1998 Chen JL, Blanc P, Stoddart CA, Bogan M, Rozhon EJ, Parkinson N, Ye Z, Cooper R, Balick M, Nanakorn W, Kernan MR
• Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice by the G-quartet-forming oligonucleotide, ISIS 5320.
  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 1998 Stoddart CA, Rabin L, Hincenbergs M, Moreno M, Linquist-Stepps V, Leeds JM, Truong LA, Wyatt JR, Ecker DJ, McCune JM
• Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
  Journal of natural products 1998 Kernan MR, Amarquaye A, Chen JL, Chan J, Sesin DF, Parkinson N, Ye Z, Barrett M, Bales C, Stoddart CA, Sloan B, Blanc P, Limbach C, Mrisho S, Rozhon EJ
• UV irradiation of polystyrene pipets releases PCR inhibitors.
  BioTechniques 1998 Linquist V, Stoddart CA, McCune JM
• Two new lignans with activity against influenza virus from the medicinal plant Rhinacanthus nasutus.
  Journal of natural products 1997 Kernan MR, Sendl A, Chen JL, Jolad SD, Blanc P, Murphy JT, Stoddart CA, Nanakorn W, Balick MJ, Rozhon EJ
• Two new naphthoquinones with antiviral activity from Rhinacanthus nasutus.
  Journal of natural products 1996 Sendl A, Chen JL, Jolad SD, Stoddart C, Rozhon E, Kernan M, Nanakorn W, Balick M
• Murine cytomegalovirus IE2, an activator of gene expression, is dispensable for growth and latency in mice.
  Virology 1995 Cardin RD, Abenes GB, Stoddart CA, Mocarski ES
• Peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes mediate dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus.
  Journal of virology 1994 Stoddart CA, Cardin RD, Boname JM, Manning WC, Abenes GB, Mocarski ES
• SP-303, an antiviral oligomeric proanthocyanidin from the latex of Croton lechleri (Sangre de Drago).
  Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 1994 Ubillas R, Jolad SD, Bruening RC, Kernan MR, King SR, Sesin DF, Barrett M, Stoddart CA, Flaster T, Kuo J, Ayala F, Meza E, Castañel M, McMeekin D, Rozhon E, Tempesta MS, Barnard D, Huffman J, Smee D, …
• Cytomegalovirus determinant of replication in salivary glands.
  Journal of virology 1992 Manning WC, Stoddart CA, Lagenaur LA, Abenes GB, Mocarski ES
• Intrinsic resistance of feline peritoneal macrophages to coronavirus infection correlates with in vivo virulence.
  Journal of virology 1989 Stoddart CA, Scott FW