Carol Gross, PhD
Professor
Cell and Tissue Biology
School of Dentistry

Grants and Projects

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• Cellular homeostasis pathways in bacteria, NIH, 2016-2026
• The Bacterial Cell Envelope: From Mechanism of Assembly to Role in the Physiology of single cells and communities, NIH, 2018-2019
• Regulation of the Heat Shock Response in E. Coli, NIH, 1986-2017
• Gene Function and Pathway Analysis Using Systems Level Approaches in Prokaryotes, NIH, 2012-2016
• Mutational Analysis of E. Coli Core RNA Polymerase, NIH, 1983-2015
• Protein Folding in the Cell, NIH, 2008-2013
• Global Genetic Interaction Profiling in Prokaryotes, NIH, 2008-2012
• FASEB Conference-Mechanism and Regulation of Prokaryotic Transcription, NIH, 2005-2006
• 2004 Microbial Stress Response Gordon Conference, NIH, 2004-2005
• Regulation of the Heat Shock Response in E. Coli, NIH, 1986-2004
• Mutational Analysis of E Coli Core Rna Polymerase, NIH, 1983-1997
• A Mutational Analysis of E Coli Rna Polymerase, NIH, 1984-1989

Publications (177)

Top publication keywords:
Bacillus subtilisPromoter Regions, GeneticDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesHeat-Shock ProteinsEscherichia coli ProteinsTranscription, GeneticRegulonCold-Shock ResponseGenes, BacterialBacterial ProteinsGenes, EssentialEscherichia coliGene Expression Regulation, BacterialBacteriaSigma Factor

• Evelyn Witkin: Pioneering DNA repair researcher and social justice activist.
  Molecular cell 2023 Gross CA, Walker GC
• Three Bacterial DedA Subfamilies with Distinct Functions and Phylogenetic Distribution.
  mBio 2023 Todor H, Herrera N, Gross CA
• Three bacterial DedA subfamilies with distinct functions and phylogenetic distribution.
  bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2023 Todor H, Herrera N, Gross C
• Ceragenins and Antimicrobial Peptides Kill Bacteria through Distinct Mechanisms.
  mBio 2022 Mitchell G, Silvis MR, Talkington KC, Budzik JM, Dodd CE, Paluba JM, Oki EA, Trotta KL, Licht DJ, Jimenez-Morales D, Chou S, Savage PB, Gross CA, Marletta MA, Cox JS
• The context of the ribosome binding site in mRNAs defines specificity of action of kasugamycin, an inhibitor of translation initiation.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2022 Zhang Y, Aleksashin NA, Klepacki D, Anderson C, Vázquez-Laslop N, Gross CA, Mankin AS

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• Morphological and Transcriptional Responses to CRISPRi Knockdown of Essential Genes in Escherichia coli.
  mBio 2021 Silvis MR, Rajendram M, Shi H, Osadnik H, Gray AN, Cesar S, Peters JM, Hearne CC, Kumar P, Todor H, Huang KC, Gross CA
• AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora.
  Scientific data 2021 Falster D, Gallagher R, Wenk EH, Wright IJ, Indiarto D, Andrew SC, Baxter C, Lawson J, Allen S, Fuchs A, Monro A, Kar F, Adams MA, Ahrens CW, Alfonzetti M, Angevin T, Apgaua DMG, Arndt S, Atkin OK, …
• Cold Shock Response in Bacteria.
  Annual review of genetics 2021 Zhang Y, Gross CA
• Chemical-genetic interrogation of RNA polymerase mutants reveals structure-function relationships and physiological tradeoffs.
  Molecular cell 2021 Shiver AL, Osadnik H, Peters JM, Mooney RA, Wu PI, Henry KK, Braberg H, Krogan NJ, Hu JC, Landick R, Huang KC, Gross CA
• Computational pipeline for designing guide RNAs for mismatch-CRISPRi.
  STAR protocols 2021 van Gestel J, Hawkins JS, Todor H, Gross CA
• Expansion and re-classification of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor family.
  Nucleic acids research 2021 Casas-Pastor D, Müller RR, Jaenicke S, Brinkrolf K, Becker A, Buttner MJ, Gross CA, Mascher T, Goesmann A, Fritz G
• Rewiring the specificity of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2020 Todor H, Osadnik H, Campbell EA, Myers KS, Li H, Donohue TJ, Gross CA
• Genetic interaction mapping informs integrative structure determination of protein complexes.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2020 Braberg H, Echeverria I, Bohn S, Cimermancic P, Shiver A, Alexander R, Xu J, Shales M, Dronamraju R, Jiang S, Dwivedi G, Bogdanoff D, Chaung KK, Hüttenhain R, Wang S, Mavor D, Pellarin R, Schneidman D…
• Bacterial CRISPR screens for gene function.
  Current opinion in microbiology 2020 Todor H, Silvis MR, Osadnik H, Gross CA
• Mismatch-CRISPRi Reveals the Co-varying Expression-Fitness Relationships of Essential Genes in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.
  Cell systems 2020 Hawkins JS, Silvis MR, Koo BM, Peters JM, Osadnik H, Jost M, Hearne CC, Weissman JS, Todor H, Gross CA
• Resistance to serine in Bacillus subtilis: identification of the serine transporter YbeC and of a metabolic network that links serine and threonine metabolism.
  Environmental microbiology 2020 Klewing A, Koo BM, Krüger L, Poehlein A, Reuß D, Daniel R, Gross CA, Stülke J
• Titrating gene expression using libraries of systematically attenuated CRISPR guide RNAs.
  Nature biotechnology 2020 Jost M, Santos DA, Saunders RA, Horlbeck MA, Hawkins JS, Scaria SM, Norman TM, Hussmann JA, Liem CR, Gross CA, Weissman JS
• Discovery of the extracytoplasmic function σ factors.
  Molecular microbiology 2019 Lonetto MA, Donohue TJ, Gross CA, Buttner MJ
• Topoisomerase IV can functionally replace all type 1A topoisomerases in Bacillus subtilis.
  Nucleic acids research 2019 Reuß DR, Faßhauer P, Mroch PJ, Ul-Haq I, Koo BM, Pöhlein A, Gross CA, Daniel R, Brantl S, Stülke J
• Modeling of Protein Complex Architectures using Combinatorial Genetic Perturbations.
  Biophysical Journal 2019 Ignacia Echeverria, Hannes Braberg, Peter Cimermancic, Riccardo Pellarin, Dina Schneidman, Anthony Shiver, Carol Gross, Nevan Krogan, Andrej Sali
• Enabling genetic analysis of diverse bacteria with Mobile-CRISPRi.
  Nature microbiology 2019 Peters JM, Koo BM, Patino R, Heussler GE, Hearne CC, Qu J, Inclan YF, Hawkins JS, Lu CHS, Silvis MR, Harden MM, Osadnik H, Peters JE, Engel JN, Dutton RJ, Grossman AD, Gross CA, Rosenberg OS
• Structure and Function of the Transmembrane Domain of NsaS, an Antibiotic Sensing Histidine Kinase in Staphylococcus aureus.
  Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018 Bhate MP, Lemmin T, Kuenze G, Mensa B, Ganguly S, Peters JM, Schmidt N, Pelton JG, Gross CA, Meiler J, DeGrado WF
• A Stress Response that Monitors and Regulates mRNA Structure Is Central to Cold Shock Adaptation.
  Molecular cell 2018 Zhang Y, Burkhardt DH, Rouskin S, Li GW, Weissman JS, Gross CA
• Marine Mammal Microbiota Yields Novel Antibiotic with Potent Activity Against Clostridium difficile.
  ACS infectious diseases 2017 Ochoa JL, Sanchez LM, Koo BM, Doherty JS, Rajendram M, Huang KC, Gross CA, Linington RG
• Ribosomal Architecture: Constraints Imposed by the Need for Self-Production.
  Current biology : CB 2017 Hussmann JA, Osadnik H, Gross CA
• Global analysis of translation termination in E. coli.
  PLoS genetics 2017 Baggett NE, Zhang Y, Gross CA
• Construction and Analysis of Two Genome-Scale Deletion Libraries for Bacillus subtilis.
  Cell systems 2017 Koo BM, Kritikos G, Farelli JD, Todor H, Tong K, Kimsey H, Wapinski I, Galardini M, Cabal A, Peters JM, Hachmann AB, Rudner DZ, Allen KN, Typas A, Gross CA
• Operon mRNAs are organized into ORF-centric structures that predict translation efficiency.
  eLife 2017 Burkhardt DH, Rouskin S, Zhang Y, Li GW, Weissman JS, Gross CA
• A Multiplexed Single-Cell CRISPR Screening Platform Enables Systematic Dissection of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Cell 2016 Adamson B, Norman TM, Jost M, Cho MY, Nuñez JK, Chen Y, Villalta JE, Gilbert LA, Horlbeck MA, Hein MY, Pak RA, Gray AN, Gross CA, Dixit A, Parnas O, Regev A, Weissman JS
• Identification of Two Phosphate Starvation-induced Wall Teichoic Acid Hydrolases Provides First Insights into the Degradative Pathway of a Key Bacterial Cell Wall Component.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2016 Myers CL, Li FK, Koo BM, El-Halfawy OM, French S, Gross CA, Strynadka NC, Brown ED
• Depletion of Undecaprenyl Pyrophosphate Phosphatases Disrupts Cell Envelope Biogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal of bacteriology 2016 Zhao H, Sun Y, Peters JM, Gross CA, Garner EC, Helmann JD
• A Chemical-Genomic Screen of Neglected Antibiotics Reveals Illicit Transport of Kasugamycin and Blasticidin S.
  PLoS genetics 2016 Shiver AL, Osadnik H, Kritikos G, Li B, Krogan N, Typas A, Gross CA
• A Comprehensive, CRISPR-based Functional Analysis of Essential Genes in Bacteria.
  Cell 2016 Peters JM, Colavin A, Shi H, Czarny TL, Larson MH, Wong S, Hawkins JS, Lu CHS, Koo BM, Marta E, Shiver AL, Whitehead EH, Weissman JS, Brown ED, Qi LS, Huang KC, Gross CA
• DksA regulates RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli through a network of interactions in the secondary channel that includes Sequence Insertion 1.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 Parshin A, Shiver AL, Lee J, Ozerova M, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Gross CA, Borukhov S
• Bacterial CRISPR: accomplishments and prospects.
  Current opinion in microbiology 2015 Peters JM, Silvis MR, Zhao D, Hawkins JS, Gross CA, Qi LS
• High-throughput bacterial functional genomics in the sequencing era.
  Current opinion in microbiology 2015 Gray AN, Koo BM, Shiver AL, Peters JM, Osadnik H, Gross CA
• Coordination of peptidoglycan synthesis and outer membrane constriction during Escherichia coli cell division.
  eLife 2015 Gray AN, Egan AJ, Van't Veer IL, Verheul J, Colavin A, Koumoutsi A, Biboy J, Altelaar AF, Damen MJ, Huang KC, Simorre JP, Breukink E, den Blaauwen T, Typas A, Gross CA, Vollmer W
• MurJ and a novel lipid II flippase are required for cell wall biogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 Meeske AJ, Sham LT, Kimsey H, Koo BM, Gross CA, Bernhardt TG, Rudner DZ
• Editorial overview: Cell regulation: when you think you know it all, there is another layer to be discovered.
  Current opinion in microbiology 2015 Gross CA, Gründling A
• MicL, a new σE-dependent sRNA, combats envelope stress by repressing synthesis of Lpp, the major outer membrane lipoprotein.
  Genes & development 2014 Guo MS, Updegrove TB, Gogol EB, Shabalina SA, Gross CA, Storz G
• Bacterial sigma factors: a historical, structural, and genomic perspective.
  Annual review of microbiology 2014 Feklístov A, Sharon BD, Darst SA, Gross CA
• Stress-induced remodeling of the bacterial proteome.
  Current biology : CB 2014 Guo MS, Gross CA
• A pause sequence enriched at translation start sites drives transcription dynamics in vivo.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2014 Larson MH, Mooney RA, Peters JM, Windgassen T, Nayak D, Gross CA, Block SM, Greenleaf WJ, Landick R, Weissman JS
• Quantifying absolute protein synthesis rates reveals principles underlying allocation of cellular resources.
  Cell 2014 Li GW, Burkhardt D, Gross C, Weissman JS
• Promoter melting by an alternative σ, one base at a time.
  Nature structural & molecular biology 2014 Darst SA, Feklistov A, Gross CA
• Heat shock transcription factor σ32 co-opts the signal recognition particle to regulate protein homeostasis in E. coli.
  PLoS biology 2013 Lim B, Miyazaki R, Neher S, Siegele DA, Ito K, Walter P, Akiyama Y, Yura T, Gross CA
• Design of orthogonal genetic switches based on a crosstalk map of σs, anti-σs, and promoters.
  Molecular systems biology 2013 Rhodius VA, Segall-Shapiro TH, Sharon BD, Ghodasara A, Orlova E, Tabakh H, Burkhardt DH, Clancy K, Peterson TC, Gross CA, Voigt CA
• Dual molecular signals mediate the bacterial response to outer-membrane stress.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2013 Lima S, Guo MS, Chaba R, Gross CA, Sauer RT
• Covalent intermediate in the catalytic mechanism of the radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine methyl synthase RlmN trapped by mutagenesis.
  Journal of the American Chemical Society 2012 McCusker KP, Medzihradszky KF, Shiver AL, Nichols RJ, Yan F, Maltby DA, Gross CA, Fujimori DG
• The crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus CpxA.
  Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 2012 Kwon E, Kim DY, Ngo TD, Gross CA, Gross JD, Kim KK
• From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology.
  Nature reviews. Microbiology 2011 Typas A, Banzhaf M, Gross CA, Vollmer W
• Selective ribosome profiling reveals the cotranslational chaperone action of trigger factor in vivo.
  Cell 2011 Oh E, Becker AH, Sandikci A, Huber D, Chaba R, Gloge F, Nichols RJ, Typas A, Gross CA, Kramer G, Weissman JS, Bukau B
• Predicting the strength of UP-elements and full-length E. coli σE promoters.
  Nucleic acids research 2011 Rhodius VA, Mutalik VK, Gross CA
• Unexpected stress-reducing effect of PhaP, a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granule-associated protein, in Escherichia coli.
  Applied and environmental microbiology 2011 de Almeida A, Catone MV, Rhodius VA, Gross CA, Pettinari MJ
• Small RNAs endow a transcriptional activator with essential repressor functions for single-tier control of a global stress regulon.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011 Gogol EB, Rhodius VA, Papenfort K, Vogel J, Gross CA
• Signal integration by DegS and RseB governs the σ E-mediated envelope stress response in Escherichia coli.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011 Chaba R, Alba BM, Guo MS, Sohn J, Ahuja N, Sauer RT, Gross CA
• Using DNA microarrays to assay part function.
  Methods in enzymology 2011 Rhodius VA, Gross CA
• Phenotypic landscape of a bacterial cell.
  Cell 2010 Nichols RJ, Sen S, Choo YJ, Beltrao P, Zietek M, Chaba R, Lee S, Kazmierczak KM, Lee KJ, Wong A, Shales M, Lovett S, Winkler ME, Krogan NJ, Typas A, Gross CA
• Regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis by outer-membrane proteins.
  Cell 2010 Typas A, Banzhaf M, van den Berg van Saparoea B, Verheul J, Biboy J, Nichols RJ, Zietek M, Beilharz K, Kannenberg K, von Rechenberg M, Breukink E, den Blaauwen T, Gross CA, Vollmer W
• Cellular Response to Heat Shock and Cold Shock.
  2010 Bentley Lim, Carol A. Gross
• The crystal structure Escherichia coli Spy.
  Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 2010 Kwon E, Kim DY, Gross CA, Gross JD, Kim KK
• Reduced capacity of alternative sigmas to melt promoters ensures stringent promoter recognition.
  Genes & development 2009 Koo BM, Rhodius VA, Nonaka G, deHaseth PL, Gross CA
• Promoter strength properties of the complete sigma E regulon of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica.
  Journal of bacteriology 2009 Mutalik VK, Nonaka G, Ades SE, Rhodius VA, Gross CA
• Dissection of recognition determinants of Escherichia coli sigma32 suggests a composite -10 region with an 'extended -10' motif and a core -10 element.
  Molecular microbiology 2009 Koo BM, Rhodius VA, Campbell EA, Gross CA
• Mutational analysis of Escherichia coli sigma28 and its target promoters reveals recognition of a composite -10 region, comprised of an 'extended -10' motif and a core -10 element.
  Molecular microbiology 2009 Koo BM, Rhodius VA, Campbell EA, Gross CA
• Analyzing the interaction of RseA and RseB, the two negative regulators of the sigmaE envelope stress response, using a combined bioinformatic and experimental strategy.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2008 Ahuja N, Korkin D, Chaba R, Cezairliyan BO, Sauer RT, Kim KK, Gross CA
• Convergence of molecular, modeling, and systems approaches for an understanding of the Escherichia coli heat shock response.
  Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 2008 Guisbert E, Yura T, Rhodius VA, Gross CA
• High-throughput, quantitative analyses of genetic interactions in E. coli.
  Nature methods 2008 Typas A, Nichols RJ, Siegele DA, Shales M, Collins SR, Lim B, Braberg H, Yamamoto N, Takeuchi R, Wanner BL, Mori H, Weissman JS, Krogan NJ, Gross CA
• An extra-cytoplasmic function sigma factor and anti-sigma factor control carotenoid biosynthesis in Azospirillum brasilense.
  Microbiology (Reading, England) 2008 Thirunavukkarasu N, Mishra MN, Spaepen S, Vanderleyden J, Gross CA, Tripathi AK
• Analysis of sigma32 mutants defective in chaperone-mediated feedback control reveals unexpected complexity of the heat shock response.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 Yura T, Guisbert E, Poritz M, Lu CZ, Campbell E, Gross CA
• Design principles of the proteolytic cascade governing the sigmaE-mediated envelope stress response in Escherichia coli: keys to graded, buffered, and rapid signal transduction.
  Genes & development 2007 Chaba R, Grigorova IL, Flynn JM, Baker TA, Gross CA
• Hfq modulates the sigmaE-mediated envelope stress response and the sigma32-mediated cytoplasmic stress response in Escherichia coli.
  Journal of bacteriology 2006 Guisbert E, Rhodius VA, Ahuja N, Witkin E, Gross CA
• Regulation and Function of the Envelope Stress Response Controlled by sE.
  2006 Carol A. Gross, Virgil A. Rhodius, Irina L. Grigorova
• Regulon and promoter analysis of the E. coli heat-shock factor, sigma32, reveals a multifaceted cellular response to heat stress.
  Genes & development 2006 Nonaka G, Blankschien M, Herman C, Gross CA, Rhodius VA
• Module-based analysis of robustness tradeoffs in the heat shock response system.
  PLoS computational biology 2006 Kurata H, El-Samad H, Iwasaki R, Ohtake H, Doyle JC, Grigorova I, Gross CA, Khammash M
• Insights into transcriptional regulation and sigma competition from an equilibrium model of RNA polymerase binding to DNA.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 Grigorova IL, Phleger NJ, Mutalik VK, Gross CA
• Conserved and variable functions of the sigmaE stress response in related genomes.
  PLoS biology 2006 Rhodius VA, Suh WC, Nonaka G, West J, Gross CA
• Characterization of six lipoproteins in the sigmaE regulon.
  Journal of bacteriology 2005 Onufryk C, Crouch ML, Fang FC, Gross CA
• An open letter to Elias Zerhouni.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2005 Altman S, Bassler BL, Beckwith J, Belfort M, Berg HC, Bloom B, Brenchley JE, Campbell A, Collier RJ, Connell N, Cozzarelli NR, Craig NL, Darst S, Ebright RH, Elledge SJ, Falkow S, Galan JE, Gottesman …
• Surviving heat shock: control strategies for robustness and performance.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 El-Samad H, Kurata H, Doyle JC, Gross CA, Khammash M
• Altering the interaction between sigma70 and RNA polymerase generates complexes with distinct transcription-elongation properties.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 Berghöfer-Hochheimer Y, Lu CZ, Gross CA
• Module-Based Analysis of Robustness Tradeoffs in the Heat Shock Response System.
  PLoS Computational Biology 2005 Hiroyuki Kurata, Hana El-Samad, Rei Iwasaki, Hisao Ohtake, John C Doyle, Irina Grigorova, Carol A. Gross, Mustafa Khammash
• A chaperone network controls the heat shock response in E. coli.
  Genes & development 2004 Guisbert E, Herman C, Lu CZ, Gross CA
• Fine-tuning of the Escherichia coli sigmaE envelope stress response relies on multiple mechanisms to inhibit signal-independent proteolysis of the transmembrane anti-sigma factor, RseA.
  Genes & development 2004 Grigorova IL, Chaba R, Zhong HJ, Alba BM, Rhodius V, Herman C, Gross CA
• A hydrophobic patch on the flap-tip helix of E.coli RNA polymerase mediates sigma(70) region 4 function.
  Journal of molecular biology 2004 Geszvain K, Gruber TM, Mooney RA, Gross CA, Landick R
• Regulation of the Escherichia coli sigma-dependent envelope stress response.
  Molecular microbiology 2004 Alba BM, Gross CA
• Minimal machinery of RNA polymerase holoenzyme sufficient for promoter melting.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2004 Young BA, Gruber TM, Gross CA
• Ira Herskowitz (1946–2003).
  Cell 2003 Franklin W Stahl, Carol A Gross
• OMP peptide signals initiate the envelope-stress response by activating DegS protease via relief of inhibition mediated by its PDZ domain.
  Cell 2003 Walsh NP, Alba BM, Bose B, Gross CA, Sauer RT
• Cell regulation.
  Current Opinion in Microbiology 2003 Carol Gross, Andrée Lazdunski
• Crystal structure of Escherichia coli sigmaE with the cytoplasmic domain of its anti-sigma RseA.
  Molecular cell 2003 Campbell EA, Tupy JL, Gruber TM, Wang S, Sharp MM, Gross CA, Darst SA
• Regulation of the alternative sigma factor sigma(E) during initiation, adaptation, and shutoff of the extracytoplasmic heat shock response in Escherichia coli.
  Journal of bacteriology 2003 Ades SE, Grigorova IL, Gross CA
• Lack of a robust unfoldase activity confers a unique level of substrate specificity to the universal AAA protease FtsH.
  Molecular cell 2003 Herman C, Prakash S, Lu CZ, Matouschek A, Gross CA
• Assay of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: sigma-core interactions.
  Methods in enzymology 2003 Gruber TM, Gross CA
• Multiple sigma subunits and the partitioning of bacterial transcription space.
  Annual review of microbiology 2003 Gruber TM, Gross CA
• Directed evolution of substrate-optimized GroEL/S chaperonins.
  Cell 2002 Wang JD, Herman C, Tipton KA, Gross CA, Weissman JS
• DegS and YaeL participate sequentially in the cleavage of RseA to activate the sigma(E)-dependent extracytoplasmic stress response.
  Genes & development 2002 Alba BM, Leeds JA, Onufryk C, Lu CZ, Gross CA
• Identification of the binding sites of regulatory proteins in bacterial genomes.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002 Li H, Rhodius V, Gross C, Siggia ED
• Views of transcription initiation.
  Cell 2002 Young BA, Gruber TM, Gross CA
• Impact of genomic technologies on studies of bacterial gene expression.
  Annual review of microbiology 2002 Rhodius V, Van Dyk TK, Gross C, LaRossa RA
• The anti-initial transcribed sequence, a portable sequence that impedes promoter escape, requires sigma70 for function.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2001 Chan CL, Gross CA
• Binding of the initiation factor sigma(70) to core RNA polymerase is a multistep process.
  Molecular cell 2001 Gruber TM, Markov D, Sharp MM, Young BA, Lu CZ, Zhong HJ, Artsimovitch I, Geszvain KM, Arthur TM, Burgess RR, Landick R, Severinov K, Gross CA
• A coiled-coil from the RNA polymerase beta' subunit allosterically induces selective nontemplate strand binding by sigma(70).
  Cell 2001 Young BA, Anthony LC, Gruber TM, Arthur TM, Heyduk E, Lu CZ, Sharp MM, Heyduk T, Burgess RR, Gross CA
• degS (hhoB) is an essential Escherichia coli gene whose indispensable function is to provide sigma (E) activity.
  Molecular microbiology 2001 Alba BM, Zhong HJ, Pelayo JC, Gross CA
• Substitutions in bacteriophage T4 AsiA and Escherichia coli sigma(70) that suppress T4 motA activation mutations.
  Journal of bacteriology 2001 Cicero MP, Sharp MM, Gross CA, Kreuzer KN
• The 2000 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal. Evelyn M. Witkin.
  Genetics 2001 Gross CA
• The SurA periplasmic PPIase lacking its parvulin domains functions in vivo and has chaperone activity.
  The EMBO journal 2001 Behrens S, Maier R, de Cock H, Schmid FX, Gross CA
• The interface of sigma with core RNA polymerase is extensive, conserved, and functionally specialized.
  Genes & development 1999 Sharp MM, Chan CL, Lu CZ, Marr MT, Nechaev S, Merritt EW, Severinov K, Roberts JW, Gross CA
• Structural features required for the interaction of the Hsp70 molecular chaperone DnaK with its cochaperone DnaJ.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1999 Suh WC, Lu CZ, Gross CA
• The Escherichia coli sigma(E)-dependent extracytoplasmic stress response is controlled by the regulated proteolysis of an anti-sigma factor.
  Genes & development 1999 Ades SE, Connolly LE, Alba BM, Gross CA
• Interaction of the Hsp70 molecular chaperone, DnaK, with its cochaperone DnaJ.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 Suh WC, Burkholder WF, Lu CZ, Zhao X, Gottesman ME, Gross CA
• The functional and regulatory roles of sigma factors in transcription.
  Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 1998 Gross CA, Chan C, Dombroski A, Gruber T, Sharp M, Tupy J, Young B
• SigmaE is an essential sigma factor in Escherichia coli.
  Journal of bacteriology 1997 De Las Peñas A, Connolly L, Gross CA
• The response to extracytoplasmic stress in Escherichia coli is controlled by partially overlapping pathways.
  Genes & development 1997 Connolly L, De Las Penas A, Alba BM, Gross CA
• The sigmaE-mediated response to extracytoplasmic stress in Escherichia coli is transduced by RseA and RseB, two negative regulators of sigmaE.
  Molecular microbiology 1997 De Las Peñas A, Connolly L, Gross CA
• SurA, a periplasmic protein with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity, participates in the assembly of outer membrane porins.
  Genes & development 1996 Rouvière PE, Gross CA
• Sigma domain structure: one down, one to go.
  Structure (London, England : 1993) 1996 Chan CL, Lonetto MA, Gross CA
• Isolation, purification, and in vitro characterization of recessive-lethal-mutant RNA polymerases from Escherichia coli.
  Journal of bacteriology 1996 Tavormina PL, Landick R, Gross CA
• The sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase senses promoter spacing.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996 Dombroski AJ, Johnson BD, Lonetto M, Gross CA
• Amino acid substitutions in the two largest subunits of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase that suppress a defective Rho termination factor affect different parts of the transcription complex.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1996 Heisler LM, Feng G, Jin DJ, Gross CA, Landick R
• Involvement of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone team in protein secretion in Escherichia coli.
  Journal of bacteriology 1996 Wild J, Rossmeissl P, Walter WA, Gross CA
• Identifying interacting regions in the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
  Journal of molecular biology 1996 Tavormina PL, Reznikoff WS, Gross CA
• A structure/function analysis of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
  Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 1996 Gross CA, Chan CL, Lonetto MA
• Analysis of three DnaK mutant proteins suggests that progression through the ATPase cycle requires conformational changes.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1995 Kamath-Loeb AS, Lu CZ, Suh WC, Lonetto MA, Gross CA
• rpoE, the gene encoding the second heat-shock sigma factor, sigma E, in Escherichia coli.
  The EMBO journal 1995 Rouvière PE, De Las Peñas A, Mecsas J, Lu CZ, Rudd KE, Gross CA
• Identification and characterization of an outer membrane protein, OmpX, in Escherichia coli that is homologous to a family of outer membrane proteins including Ail of Yersinia enterocolitica.
  Journal of bacteriology 1995 Mecsas J, Welch R, Erickson JW, Gross CA
• Four contiguous amino acids define the target for streptolydigin resistance in the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1993 Heisler LM, Suzuki H, Landick R, Gross CA
• Amino-terminal amino acids modulate sigma-factor DNA-binding activity.
  Genes & development 1993 Dombroski AJ, Walter WA, Gross CA
• The activity of sigma E, an Escherichia coli heat-inducible sigma-factor, is modulated by expression of outer membrane proteins.
  Genes & development 1993 Mecsas J, Rouviere PE, Erickson JW, Donohue TJ, Gross CA
• Accumulation of secretory protein precursors in Escherichia coli induces the heat shock response.
  Journal of bacteriology 1993 Wild J, Walter WA, Gross CA, Altman E
• The role of the sigma subunit in promoter recognition by RNA polymerase.
  Cellular & molecular biology research 1993 Dombroski AJ, Walter WA, Gross CA
• How a mutation in the gene encoding sigma 70 suppresses the defective heat shock response caused by a mutation in the gene encoding sigma 32.
  Journal of bacteriology 1992 Zhou YN, Gross CA
• DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE are required for flagellum synthesis in Escherichia coli.
  Journal of bacteriology 1992 Shi W, Zhou Y, Wild J, Adler J, Gross CA
• Polypeptides containing highly conserved regions of transcription initiation factor sigma 70 exhibit specificity of binding to promoter DNA.
  Cell 1992 Dombroski AJ, Walter WA, Record MT, Siegele DA, Gross CA
• A mutant sigma 32 with a small deletion in conserved region 3 of sigma has reduced affinity for core RNA polymerase.
  Journal of bacteriology 1992 Zhou YN, Walter WA, Gross CA
• Partial loss of function mutations in DnaK, the Escherichia coli homologue of the 70-kDa heat shock proteins, affect highly conserved amino acids implicated in ATP binding and hydrolysis.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1992 Wild J, Kamath-Loeb A, Ziegelhoffer E, Lonetto M, Kawasaki Y, Gross CA
• DnaK and DnaJ heat shock proteins participate in protein export in Escherichia coli.
  Genes & development 1992 Wild J, Altman E, Yura T, Gross CA
• The sigma 70 family: sequence conservation and evolutionary relationships.
  Journal of bacteriology 1992 Lonetto M, Gribskov M, Gross CA
• Physiological effects of the fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase ts8 mutation on stable RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli.
  Journal of bacteriology 1991 Singer M, Walter WA, Cali BM, Rouviere P, Liebke HH, Gourse RL, Gross CA
• Development of RNA polymerase-promoter contacts during open complex formation.
  Journal of molecular biology 1991 Mecsas J, Cowing DW, Gross CA
• RpoB8, a rifampicin-resistant termination-proficient RNA polymerase, has an increased Km for purine nucleotides during transcription elongation.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 1991 Jin DJ, Gross CA
• Translational regulation of sigma 32 synthesis: requirement for an internal control element.
  Journal of bacteriology 1991 Kamath-Loeb AS, Gross CA
• DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE heat shock proteins negatively regulate heat shock gene expression by controlling the synthesis and stability of sigma 32.
  Genes & development 1990 Straus D, Walter W, Gross CA
• Interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing sigma 32 with heat shock promoters. DNase I footprinting and methylation protection.
  Journal of molecular biology 1989 Cowing DW, Gross CA
• Intermediates in the formation of the open complex by RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing the sigma factor sigma 32 at the groE promoter.
  Journal of molecular biology 1989 Cowing DW, Mecsas J, Record MT, Gross CA
• The activity of sigma 32 is reduced under conditions of excess heat shock protein production in Escherichia coli.
  Genes & development 1989 Straus DB, Walter WA, Gross CA
• Identification of the sigma E subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: a second alternate sigma factor involved in high-temperature gene expression.
  Genes & development 1989 Erickson JW, Gross CA
• Altered promoter recognition by mutant forms of the sigma 70 subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
  Journal of molecular biology 1989 Siegele DA, Hu JC, Walter WA, Gross CA
• A collection of strains containing genetically linked alternating antibiotic resistance elements for genetic mapping of Escherichia coli.
  Microbiological reviews 1989 Singer M, Baker TA, Schnitzler G, Deischel SM, Goel M, Dove W, Jaacks KJ, Grossman AD, Erickson JW, Gross CA
• A collection of strains containing genetically linked alternating antibiotic resistance elements for genetic mapping of Escherichia coli.
  Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1989 M Singer, T A Baker, G Schnitzler, S M Deischel, M Goel, W Dove, K J Jaacks, A D Grossman, J W Erickson, C A Gross
• Escherichia coli heat shock gene mutants are defective in proteolysis.
  Genes & development 1988 Straus DB, Walter WA, Gross CA
• Mutations in rpoD that increase expression of genes in the mal regulon of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal of molecular biology 1988 Hu JC, Gross CA
• Mutations in rpoD, the gene encoding the sigma 70 subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, that increase expression of the lac operon in the absence of CAP-cAMP.
  Journal of molecular biology 1988 Siegele DA, Hu JC, Gross CA
• Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutants that lack the heat shock sigma factor sigma 32.
  Journal of bacteriology 1988 Zhou YN, Kusukawa N, Erickson JW, Gross CA, Yura T
• The heat shock response of E. coli is regulated by changes in the concentration of sigma 32.
  Nature 1987 Straus DB, Walter WA, Gross CA
• Regulation of the promoters and transcripts of rpoH, the Escherichia coli heat shock regulatory gene.
  Genes & development 1987 Erickson JW, Vaughn V, Walter WA, Neidhardt FC, Gross CA
• Sigma 32 synthesis can regulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins in Escherichia coli.
  Genes & development 1987 Grossman AD, Straus DB, Walter WA, Gross CA
• Regulation of the Heat-Shock Response in Escherichia coli.
  New Frontiers in the Study of Gene Functions 1987 Carol Gross, Deborah Cowing, James Erickson, Alan Grossman, David Straus, William Walter, Yan-Ning Zhou
• Stringent response in Escherichia coli induces expression of heat shock proteins.
  Journal of molecular biology 1985 Grossman AD, Taylor WE, Burton ZF, Burgess RR, Gross CA
• Consensus sequence for Escherichia coli heat shock gene promoters.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1985 Cowing DW, Bardwell JC, Craig EA, Woolford C, Hendrix RW, Gross CA
• Mutations in the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase which affect positive control of transcription.
  Molecular & general genetics : MGG 1985 Hu JC, Gross CA
• The regulation of transcription initiation in bacteria.
  Annual review of genetics 1985 Reznikoff WS, Siegele DA, Cowing DW, Gross CA
• A gene regulating the heat shock response in Escherichia coli also affects proteolysis.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1984 Baker TA, Grossman AD, Gross CA
• The htpR gene product of E. coli is a sigma factor for heat-shock promoters.
  Cell 1984 Grossman AD, Erickson JW, Gross CA
• Transcription from a heat-inducible promoter causes heat shock regulation of the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase.
  Cell 1984 Taylor WE, Straus DB, Grossman AD, Burton ZF, Gross CA, Burgess RR
• Regulation of cyclic AMP synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12: effects of the rpoD800 sigma mutation, glucose, and chloramphenicol.
  Journal of bacteriology 1984 Grossman AD, Ullmann A, Burgess RR, Gross CA
• Effects of the mutant sigma allele rpoD800 on the synthesis of specific macromolecular components of the Escherichia coli K12 cell.
  Journal of molecular biology 1984 Gross CA, Grossman AD, Liebke H, Walter W, Burgess RR
• Mu dX, a derivative of Mu d1 (lac Apr) which makes stable lacZ fusions at high temperature.
  Journal of bacteriology 1983 Baker TA, Howe MM, Gross CA
• The operon that encodes the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase also encodes ribosomal protein S21 and DNA primase in E. coli K12.
  Cell 1983 Burton ZF, Gross CA, Watanabe KK, Burgess RR
• Marker rescue with plasmids bearing deletions in rpoD identifies a dispensable part of E. coli sigma factor.
  Molecular & general genetics : MGG 1983 Hu JC, Gross CA
• Mutations in the Ion gene of E. coli K12 phenotypically suppress a mutation in the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase.
  Cell 1983 Grossman AD, Burgess RR, Walter W, Gross CA
• The nucleotide sequence of the cloned rpoD gene for the RNA polymerase sigma subunit from E coli K12.
  Nucleic acids research 1981 Burton Z, Burgess RR, Lin J, Moore D, Holder S, Gross CA
• Isolation and characterization of transducing phage coding for sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1979 Gross CA, Blattner FR, Taylor WE, Lowe PA, Burgess RR
• Altered chemical properties in three mutants of E. coli RNA polymerase sigma subunit.
  Molecular & general genetics : MGG 1979 Burgess RR, Gross CA, Walter W, Lowe PA
• Measurement of binding constants for protein-DNA interactions by DNA-cellulose chromatography.
  Biochemistry 1977 deHaseth PL, Gross CA, Burgess RR, Record MT
• Quantitation of RNA polymerase subunits in Escherichia coli during exponential growth and after bacteriophage T4 infection.
  Molecular Genetics and Genomics 1976 Frode Engbaek, Carol Gross, Richard R. Burgess
• Non-specific DNA binding of genome regulating proteins as a biological control mechanism: I. The lac operon: equilibrium aspects.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1974 von Hippel PH, Revzin A, Gross CA, Wang AC