Bridget Keenan, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Medicine
School of Medicine

I am a physician scientist who works in translational cancer research and medical oncology. My clinical practice is in the Cancer Immunotherapy Clinic, where I work with patients with solid organ cancers who are being treated on early phase immunotherapy trials. I also attend on the Oncology Consult inpatient service. My research interests are in studying the mechanisms of response and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers.

Education & Training

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• Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training University of California 08/2022
• Internal Medicine University of California San Francisco 06/2017
• MD-PhD Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 05/2015
• Hematology/Oncology University of California San Francisco

Publications (46)

Top publication keywords:
NeoplasmsBiliary Tract NeoplasmsAcademic SuccessEsophageal NeoplasmsBile Duct NeoplasmsMedical OncologyMucositisSexismMicrosatellite InstabilityXerostomiaOncologistsImmunotherapyCholangiocarcinomaStaff DevelopmentCancer Vaccines

• Abstract CT129: A phase 1 dose escalation study of a novel coupled CAR T cell therapy, GCC19CART, for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
  Cancer Research 2024 Bridget P. Keenan, Christopher H. Lieu, Marwan Fakih, Dongqi Chen, Lucy Lu, Eric Rowinsky, Victor Lu, Lei Xiao, Alan P. Venook, Benjamin Schlechter
• Creation of a sustainable longitudinal women in Leadership Development (WILD) curriculum focused on graduate medical education trainees.
  BMC medical education 2024 McGourty CA, Castillo F, Donzelli G, Keenan BP, Gilbreth M, Santhosh L
• A robust ensemble feature selection approach to prioritize genes associated with survival outcome in high-dimensional gene expression data.
  Frontiers in Systems Biology 2024 Phi Le, Xingyue Gong, Leah Ung, Hai Yang, Bridget P. Keenan, Li Zhang, Tao He
• Evaluation of Culture Conducive to Academic Success by Gender at a Comprehensive Cancer Center.
  The oncologist 2024 Keenan BP, Sibley A, Zhang L, Westring AF, Velazquez AI, Bank EM, Bergsland EK, Boreta L, Conroy P, Daras M, Hermiston M, Hsu G, Paris PL, Piawah S, Sinha S, Sosa JA, Tsang M, Venook AP, Wong M, Yom …
• Neoadjuvant CD40 Agonism Remodels the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Locally Advanced Esophageal/Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer.
  Cancer research communications 2024 Soto M, Filbert EL, Yang H, Starzinski S, Starzinski A, Gin M, Chen B, Le P, Li T, Bol B, Cheung A, Zhang L, Hsu FJ, Ko A, Fong L, Keenan BP

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• Oral Toxicities of PSMA-Targeted Immunotherapies for The Management of Prostate Cancer.
  Clinical genitourinary cancer 2023 Emperumal CP, Villa A, Hwang C, Oh D, Fong L, Aggarwal R, Keenan BP
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Child-Pugh Class B Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
  JAMA oncology 2023 Xie E, Yeo YH, Scheiner B, Zhang Y, Hiraoka A, Tantai X, Fessas P, de Castro T, D'Alessio A, Fulgenzi CAM, Xu S, Tsai HM, Kambhampati S, Wang W, Keenan BP, Gao X, Xing Z, Pinter M, Lin YJ, Guo Z, …
• New Opportunities to Individualize Frontline Therapy in Advanced Stages of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
  Drugs 2023 Gordan JD, Keenan BP, Lim HC, Yarchoan M, Kelley RK
• Leveraging immune resistance archetypes in solid cancer to inform next-generation anticancer therapies.
  Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 2023 Anderson KG, Braun DA, Buqué A, Gitto SB, Guerriero JL, Horton B, Keenan BP, Kim TS, Overacre-Delgoffe A, Ruella M, Triplett TA, Veeranki O, Verma V, Zhang F
• Should I stay, or should I go? Factors associated with intent to leave academic oncology.
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2023 Ana I. Velazquez Manana, Bismarck Odei, Narjust Florez, Sankalp Pandya, Valerie M Dandar, Dame Idossa, Bridget P. Keenan, Katherine Van Loon, Fumiko Chino
• Structural Sexism and Cancer Care: The Effects on the Patient and Oncologist.
  American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting 2023 Keenan BP, Barr E, Gleeson E, Greenberg CC, Temkin SM
• A phase II study of hypofractionated radiation therapy to augment immune response in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies progressing on immune therapy (ARM-GI).
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2023 Hewitt Chang, Luchia Andemicael, Moshiur Mekhail Anwar, John Gordan, Jamese Johnson, Bridget P Keenan, Robin Kate Kelley, Andrew H. Ko, Katherine Van Loon, Alan P. Venook, Lawrence Fong, Melody Ju Xu,…
• Phase II trial of durvalumab (MEDI4736) with/without tremelimumab for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy.
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2023 Luchia Andemicael, Hewitt Chang, Moshiur Mekhail Anwar, Kelly Bauer, John Gordan, Jamese Johnson, Bridget P Keenan, Alan P. Venook, Chia-Ching Jackie Wang, Karen Zhang, Lawrence Fong, Robin Kate …
• Use of high-dimensional and spatial immune profiling to explore sotigalimab (CD40 agonist) activation of antigen presenting cells and T cells in the tumor microenvironment in patients with esophageal/gastroesophageal junction cancer.
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2023 Maira Soto, Erin L Filbert, Hai Yang, Li Zhang, Stephanie Starzinski, Alec Starzinski, Alexander Cheung, Tony Li, Frank J. Hsu, Andrew H. Ko, Lawrence Fong, Bridget P Keenan
• Circulating monocytes associated with anti-PD-1 resistance in human biliary cancer induce T cell paralysis.
  Cell reports 2022 Keenan BP, McCarthy EE, Ilano A, Yang H, Zhang L, Allaire K, Fan Z, Li T, Lee DS, Sun Y, Cheung A, Luong D, Chang H, Chen B, Marquez J, Sheldon B, Kelley RK, Ye CJ, Fong L
• 1229P A multicenter phase II study of sotigalimab (CD40 agonist) in combination with neoadjuvant chemoradiation for resectable esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers.
  Annals of Oncology 2022 A.H. Ko, M. Noel, J. Chao, D. Sohal, M. Crow, P.E. Oberstein, A. Scott, A. McRee, C. Rocha Lima, L. Fong, B. Keenan, E. Filbert, F.J. Hsu, V. Shankaran
• Phase II study of pembrolizumab plus capecitabine and bevacizumab in microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022 Andrea Grace Bocobo, Renee Wang, Spencer Behr, Julia C. Carnevale, Pelin Cinar, Eric Andrew Collisson, Lawrence Fong, Bridget P Keenan, Wesley Allen Kidder, Andrew H. Ko, Kanti Pallav Kolli, Megan …
• Pembrolizumab (PEM) plus granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in advanced biliary cancers (ABC): Final outcomes of a phase 2 trial.
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022 Robin Kate Kelley, Paige M. Bracci, Bridget Keenan, Spencer Behr, Faaiz Ibrahim, Marin Pollak, John Gordan, Andrew H. Ko, Katherine Van Loon, Chloe Evelyn Atreya, Pelin Cinar, Alan P. Venook, Lawrence…
• 676 Altered circulating myeloid states associated with anti-PD-1 resistance induce T cell paralysis in human biliary cancer.
  Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2021 Bridget Keenan, Elizabeth McCarthy, Arielle Ilano, Hai Yang, Li Zhang, Kathryn Allaire, Zenghua Fan, Tony Li, David Lee, Yang Sun, Alexander Cheung, Hewitt Chang, Brenna Sheldon, Robin Kelley, Chun …
• Perspective on the Immunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer.
  2021 Bridget Keenan, Margaret Tempero
• Molecular and Radiological Features of Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer Cases With Dramatic Responses to Immunotherapy.
  Anticancer research 2021 Keenan BP, VAN Loon K, Khilnani AD, Fidelman N, Behr SC, Atreya CE, Oh DY
• Pragmatic Solutions to Counteract the Regressive Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Women in Academic Oncology.
  JAMA oncology 2021 Keenan B, Jagsi R, Van Loon K
• Key challenges for drugs in clinical development for cholangiocarcinoma.
  Expert opinion on investigational drugs 2021 Keenan BP, Kelley RKK
• Conditional Cancer Immunotherapy as a Safer Way to Step on the Gas.
  Cancer discovery 2021 Keenan BP, Fong L
• Strategies for forming effective women's groups.
  The clinical teacher 2020 Santhosh L, Harleman E, Venado A, Farrand E, E Gilbreth M, Keenan BP, Thompson VV, Shah RJ
• Abstract 5512: Identification of circulating myeloid cells induced in advanced biliary cancer patients responding to anti-PD1 through combined single cell RNA sequencing and protein expression analysis.
  Cancer Research 2020 Bridget P. Keenan, Elizabeth E. McCarthy, Arielle Ilano, David S. Lee, Yang Sun, Brenna Sheldon, Alexander Cheung, Chun Jimmie Ye, Robin Kate Kelley, Lawrence Fong
• The "Third Shift": A Path Forward to Recognizing and Funding Gender Equity Efforts.
  Journal of women's health (2002) 2020 Santhosh L, Keenan BP, Jain S
• Inhibition of miR-21 Regulates Mutant KRAS Effector Pathways and Intercepts Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development.
  Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2020 Chu NJ, Anders RA, Fertig EJ, Cao M, Hopkins AC, Keenan BP, Popovic A, Armstrong TD, Jaffee EM, Zimmerman JW
• Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: the complex interface between inflammation, fibrosis, and the immune response.
  Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 2019 Keenan BP, Fong L, Kelley RK
• Second-line chemotherapy in advanced biliary cancers: A retrospective, multicenter analysis of outcomes.
  Cancer 2019 Lowery MA, Goff LW, Keenan BP, Jordan E, Wang R, Bocobo AG, Chou JF, O'Reilly EM, Harding JJ, Kemeny N, Capanu M, Griffin AC, McGuire J, Venook AP, Abou-Alfa GK, Kelley RK
• Abstract 4063: Single cell immune profiling of patients with advanced biliary cancers treated with combination checkpoint inhibition and GM-CSF reveals diverse T cell and myeloid cell mechanisms of action.
  Cancer Research 2019 Bridget P. Keenan, Whitney Tamaki, Eric Liu, Brandon Chen, Alexander Cheung, John D. Gordan, Brenna Sheldon, Li Zhang, Robin K. Kelley, Lawrence Fong
• Nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis: Safety and clinical outcomes in a retrospective case series.
  Cancer 2019 Kambhampati S, Bauer KE, Bracci PM, Keenan BP, Behr SC, Gordan JD, Kelley RK
• The Complex Problem of Women Trainees in Academic Medicine.
  Journal of hospital medicine 2019 Keenan B, Santhosh L, Thompson V, Harleman E
• Phase II multicenter pilot study of safety, efficacy, and immune cell profiling in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on combination of sorafenib (SOR) plus nivolumab (NIVO).
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019 Bridget Keenan, Madeline J Griffith, Kelly Bauer, Paige M. Bracci, Spencer Behr, Sarah E Umetsu, John Dozier Gordan, Zoe Ngo, Syma Iqbal, Diana L. Hanna, Alan P. Venook, Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, …
• Phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab (PEM) plus granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in advanced biliary cancers (ABC): Clinical outcomes and biomarker analyses.
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018 Robin Kate Kelley, Emily Mitchell, Spencer Behr, Jimmy Hwang, Bridget Keenan, Sarah E Umetsu, John Dozier Gordan, Andrew H. Ko, Pelin Cinar, Chloe Evelyn Atreya, Katherine Van Loon, Thomas Weber, Zoe …
• Phase II trial of pembrolizumab (PEM) plus granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in advanced biliary cancers (ABC).
  Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018 Robin Kate Kelley, Emily Mitchell, Spencer Behr, Jimmy Hwang, Bridget Keenan, Alexander Cheung, John Dozier Gordan, Andrew H. Ko, Pelin Cinar, Chloe Evelyn Atreya, Katherine Van Loon, Thomas Weber, …
• True, True, Related? Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II.
  The American journal of medicine 2015 Keenan BP, Yalamanchi S, Hsu S, Norsworthy K, Brown TT
• A Listeria vaccine and depletion of T-regulatory cells activate immunity against early stage pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms and prolong survival of mice.
  Gastroenterology 2014 Keenan BP, Saenger Y, Kafrouni MI, Leubner A, Lauer P, Maitra A, Rucki AA, Gunderson AJ, Coussens LM, Brockstedt DG, Dubensky TW, Hassan R, Armstrong TD, Jaffee EM
• Tumor immunology: multidisciplinary science driving basic and clinical advances.
  Cancer immunology research 2013 Keenan BP, Jaffee EM, Armstrong TD
• Immunotherapy in preneoplastic disease: targeting early procarcinogenic inflammatory changes that lead to immune suppression and tumor tolerance.
  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2013 Keenan B, Jaffee EM
• Abstract 489: Prevention of pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasm progression by a Listeria monocytogenes vaccine targeting mutated Kras, an early genetic event in pancreatic tumor development.
  Cancer Research 2013 Bridget Keenan, Yvonne Saenger, Michel Kafrouni, Ashley Leubner, Peter Lauer, Anirban Maitra, Andrew Gunderson, Lisa Coussens, Todd Armstrong, Elizabeth Jaffee
• Abstract PR6: Prevention of pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasm progression by a Listeria monocytogenes vaccine targeting mutated Kras, an early genetic event in pancreatic tumor development.
  Cancer Research 2013 Bridget Keenan, Yvonne Saenger, Michel Kafrouni, Ashley Leubner, Peter Lauer, Anirban Maitra, Andrew Gunderson, Lisa Coussens, Todd Armstrong, Elizabeth Jaffee
• Whole cell vaccines--past progress and future strategies.
  Seminars in oncology 2012 Keenan BP, Jaffee EM
• Acneiform eruption in a patient receiving bevacizumab for glioblastoma multiforme.
  Archives of dermatology 2010 Keenan BP, Abuav R
• Efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks in malignant cells with structural instability.
  Mutation research 2010 Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Keenan B, Roschke AV, Nakahara K, Aplan PD
• A hairpin-like structure within an AU-rich mRNA-destabilizing element regulates trans-factor binding selectivity and mRNA decay kinetics.
  The Journal of biological chemistry 2005 Fialcowitz EJ, Brewer BY, Keenan BP, Wilson GM