Bernard Lo, MD
Professor Emeritus
Medicine
School of Medicine

He is a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), served on the IOM Council and as Chair of the IOM Board on Health Sciences Policy, and chaired a 2009 IOM committee on conflicts of interest in medicine. He is co-chair of the Standards Working Group of the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, which recommends regulations for stem cell research funded by the state of California. Dr. Lo also serves on the Board of Directors of Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs (AAHRPP) and on the Medical Advisory Panel of Blue Cross/Blue Shield. Dr. Lo is author of Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: A Guide for Clinicians (5th ed., 2014) and of Ethical Issues in Clinical Research (2010). Dr. Lo and his colleagues have published around 200 peer-reviewed articles on ethical issues concerning decision-making near the end-of-life, stem cell research, oversight of human participants research, the doctor-patient relationship, and conflicts of interest. He continues his primary care internal medicine practice at UCSF.

• Association Between Shared Decision-Making During Family Meetings and Surrogates' Trust in Their ICU Physician.
  Chest 2022 Lincoln TE, Buddadhumaruk P, Arnold RM, Scheunemann LP, Ernecoff NC, Chang CH, Carson SS, Hough CL, Curtis JR, Anderson W, Steingrub J, Peterson MW, Lo B, Matthay MA, White DB
• POINT: Is Considering Social Determinants of Health Ethically Permissible for Fair Allocation of Critical Care Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Yes.
  Chest 2022 White DB, Lo B, Peek ME
• Rebuttal From Dr White et al.
  Chest 2022 White DB, Lo B, Peek ME
• Variability of Prognostic Communication in Critically Ill Neurologic Patients: A Pilot Multicenter Mixed-Methods Study.
  Critical care explorations 2022 Ge C, Goss AL, Crawford S, Goostrey K, Buddadhumaruk P, Shields AM, Hough CL, Lo B, Carson SS, Steingrub J, White DB, Muehlschlegel S
• Clinical Medical Ethics: How Did We Start? Where Are We Heading?
  The Journal of clinical ethics 2022 Lo B
• Mitigating Racial Bias in Machine Learning.
  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2022 Kostick-Quenet KM, Cohen IG, Gerke S, Lo B, Antaki J, Movahedi F, Njah H, Schoen L, Estep JE, Blumenthal-Barby JS
• Financial Profit: Not the Mission of Medicine.
  Annals of internal medicine 2021 Lo B, Grady D
• Structural Inequities, Fair Opportunity, and the Allocation of Scarce ICU Resources.
  The Hastings Center report 2021 White DB, Lo B
• Reply to Hick and Hanfling: Social Factors and Critical Care Triage: Right Intentions, Wrong Tools.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2021 White DB, Lo B
• Promoting equity with a multi-principle framework to allocate scarce ICU resources.
  Journal of medical ethics 2021 White D, Lo B
• Addressing Mistrust About COVID-19 Vaccines Among Patients of Color.
  Annals of internal medicine 2021 Opel DJ, Lo B, Peek ME
• Mitigating Inequities and Saving Lives with ICU Triage during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2021 White DB, Lo B
• Toward respectful research with Indigenous people.
  AIDS (London, England) 2020 Lo B
• Ethical Framework for Assessing Manual and Digital Contact Tracing for COVID-19.
  Annals of internal medicine 2020 Lo B, Sim I
• An Ethical Framework for Allocating Scarce Inpatient Medications for COVID-19 in the US.
  JAMA 2020 DeJong C, Chen AH, Lo B
• Making Medical Treatment Decisions for Unrepresented Patients in the ICU. An Official American Thoracic Society/American Geriatrics Society Policy Statement.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2020 Pope TM, Bennett J, Carson SS, Cederquist L, Cohen AB, DeMartino ES, Godfrey DM, Goodman-Crews P, Kapp MB, Lo B, Magnus DC, Reinke LF, Shirley JL, Siegel MD, Stapleton RD, Sudore RL, Tarzian AJ, …
• A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
  JAMA 2020 White DB, Lo B
• CPR in the Covid-19 Era - An Ethical Framework.
  The New England journal of medicine 2020 Kramer DB, Lo B, Dickert NW
• Time for NIH to lead on data sharing.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2020 Sim I, Stebbins M, Bierer BE, Butte AJ, Drazen J, Dzau V, Hernandez AF, Krumholz HM, Lo B, Munos B, Perakslis E, Rockhold F, Ross JS, Terry SF, Yamamoto KR, Zarin DA, Li R
• A Multicenter Study of the Causes and Consequences of Optimistic Expectations About Prognosis by Surrogate Decision-Makers in ICUs.
  Critical care medicine 2019 White DB, Carson S, Anderson W, Steingrub J, Bird G, Curtis JR, Matthay M, Peterson M, Buddadhumaruk P, Shields AM, Ernecoff N, Shotsberger K, Weissfeld L, Chang CH, Pike F, Lo B, Hough CL
• Clinician-Family Communication About Patients' Values and Preferences in Intensive Care Units.
  JAMA internal medicine 2019 Scheunemann LP, Ernecoff NC, Buddadhumaruk P, Carson SS, Hough CL, Curtis JR, Anderson WG, Steingrub J, Lo B, Matthay M, Arnold RM, White DB
• Building on the American College of Physicians Ethics Manual.
  Annals of internal medicine 2019 Blumenthal-Barby JS, Lo B
• Implications of Medicare Coverage for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Capped or Epicardial Leads.
  JAMA cardiology 2018 Kramer DB, Lo B, Russo RJ
• Protecting NIH's Integrity and Trustworthiness in Public-Private Partnerships.
  JAMA 2018 Lo B, Grady D
• A Parallel Universe of Clinical Trials.
  The New England journal of medicine 2018 Lo B
• Beyond Legalization - Dilemmas Physicians Confront Regarding Aid in Dying.
  The New England journal of medicine 2018 Lo B
• Resolving Family-Clinician Disputes in the Context of Contested Definitions of Futility.
  Perspectives in biology and medicine 2018 Bosslet GT, Lo B, White DB
• Reframing Consent for Clinical Research: A Function-Based Approach.
  The American journal of bioethics : AJOB 2017 Dickert NW, Eyal N, Goldkind SF, Grady C, Joffe S, Lo B, Miller FG, Pentz RD, Silbergleit R, Weinfurt KP, Wendler D, Kim SYH
• Sharing Clinical Research Data-Finding the Right Balance.
  JAMA internal medicine 2017 Lo B, Goodman SN
• Payments to Physicians: Does the Amount of Money Make a Difference?
  JAMA 2017 Lo B, Grady D
• Addressing Ethical Lapses in Research.
  JAMA internal medicine 2017 Lo B, Grady D
• How Should Physicians Respond When Patients Distrust Them Because of Their Gender?
  AMA journal of ethics 2017 Peek M, Lo B, Fernandez A
• Incentives for Clinical Trialists to Share Data.
  The New England journal of medicine 2016 Lo B, DeMets DL
• Prevalence of and Factors Related to Discordance About Prognosis Between Physicians and Surrogate Decision Makers of Critically Ill Patients.
  JAMA 2016 White DB, Ernecoff N, Buddadhumaruk P, Hong S, Weissfeld L, Curtis JR, Luce JM, Lo B
• Federal Research Regulations for the 21st Century.
  The New England journal of medicine 2016 Lo B, Barnes M
• Key stakeholders' perceptions of the acceptability and usefulness of a tablet-based tool to improve communication and shared decision making in ICUs.
  Journal of critical care 2016 Ernecoff NC, Witteman HO, Chon K, Chen YI, Buddadhumaruk P, Chiarchiaro J, Shotsberger KJ, Shields AM, Myers BA, Hough CL, Carson SS, Lo B, Matthay MA, Anderson WG, Peterson MW, Steingrub JS, Arnold …
• Dealing with Racist Patients.
  The New England journal of medicine 2016 Paul-Emile K, Smith AK, Lo B, Fernández A
• An Official ATS/AACN/ACCP/ESICM/SCCM Policy Statement: Responding to Requests for Potentially Inappropriate Treatments in Intensive Care Units.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2015 Bosslet GT, Pope TM, Rubenfeld GD, Lo B, Truog RD, Rushton CH, Curtis JR, Ford DW, Osborne M, Misak C, Au DH, Azoulay E, Brody B, Fahy BG, Hall JB, Kesecioglu J, Kon AA, Lindell KO, White DB, American…
• Sharing clinical trial data: maximizing benefits, minimizing risk.
  JAMA 2015 Lo B
• A multicenter study of key stakeholders' perspectives on communicating with surrogates about prognosis in intensive care units.
  Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2015 Anderson WG, Cimino JW, Ernecoff NC, Ungar A, Shotsberger KJ, Pollice LA, Buddadhumaruk P, Carson SS, Curtis JR, Hough CL, Lo B, Matthay MA, Peterson MW, Steingrub JS, White DB
• Criteria for waiver of informed consent for quality improvement research-reply.
  JAMA internal medicine 2015 Pletcher MJ, Lo B, Grady D
• Updating research oversight for the 21st century.
  Annals of internal medicine 2014 Lo B
• The legal and ethical concerns that arise from using complex predictive analytics in health care.
  Health affairs (Project Hope) 2014 Cohen IG, Amarasingham R, Shah A, Xie B, Lo B
• Informed consent in randomized quality improvement trials: a critical barrier for learning health systems.
  JAMA internal medicine 2014 Pletcher MJ, Lo B, Grady D
• Elder self-neglect--how can a physician help?
  The New England journal of medicine 2013 Smith AK, Lo B, Aronson L
• What is the enemy in CME, conflicts of interest or bias?
  JAMA 2013 Lo B, Ott C
• Seriously ill hospitalized patients' perspectives on the benefits and harms of two models of hospital CPR discussions.
  Patient education and counseling 2013 Anderson WG, Cimino JW, Lo B
• When previously expressed wishes conflict with best interests.
  JAMA internal medicine 2013 Smith AK, Lo B, Sudore R
• Ethical considerations in HIV cure research: points to consider.
  Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 2013 Lo B, Grady C, Working Group on Ethics of the International AIDS Society
• Informed consent for innovative surgery: a survey of patients and surgeons.
  Surgery 2012 Lee Char SJ, Hills NK, Lo B, Kirkwood KS
• An educational intervention to improve resident comfort with communication at the end of life.
  Journal of palliative medicine 2012 Smith L, O'Sullivan P, Lo B, Chen H
• The problem with actually tattooing DNR across your chest.
  Journal of general internal medicine 2012 Smith AK, Lo B
• Euthanasia in the Netherlands: what lessons for elsewhere?
  Lancet (London, England) 2012 Lo B
• Ethical challenge: when clinicians act as surrogates for unrepresented patients.
  American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses 2012 White DB, Jonsen A, Lo B
• Medical journals and conflicts of interest.
  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2012 Steinbrook R, Lo B
• The future of conflicts of interest: a call for professional standards.
  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2012 Lo B
• Discussing overall prognosis with the very elderly.
  The New England journal of medicine 2011 Smith AK, Williams BA, Lo B
• Protecting research participants while reducing regulatory burdens.
  JAMA 2011 Lo B, Barnes M
• Perceptions of conflict of interest disclosures among peer reviewers.
  PloS one 2011 Lippert S, Callaham ML, Lo B
• Retainer medicine: why not for all?
  Annals of internal medicine 2011 Lo B
• Pilot study demonstrating effectiveness of targeted education to improve informed consent understanding in AIDS clinical trials.
  AIDS care 2011 Sengupta S, Lo B, Strauss RP, Eron J, Gifford AL
• Invited commentary--illuminating physicians' financial relationships with industry.
  Archives of internal medicine 2011 Lo B, Kelch RP, Grady D
• Case 34-2010: A woman with an incorrect operation.
  The New England journal of medicine 2011 Fernandez A, Ettinger KM, Lo B
• How researchers define vulnerable populations in HIV/AIDS clinical trials.
  AIDS and behavior 2010 Sengupta S, Lo B, Strauss RP, Eron J, Gifford AL
• Responding to incidental findings on research imaging studies: now what?
  Archives of internal medicine 2010 Lo B
• IRBs and ethically challenging protocols: views of IRB chairs about useful resources.
  IRB 2010 Sirotin N, Wolf LE, Pollack LM, Catania JA, Dolcini MM, Lo B
• "It's not just what the doctor tells me:" factors that influence surrogate decision-makers' perceptions of prognosis.
  Critical care medicine 2010 Boyd EA, Lo B, Evans LR, Malvar G, Apatira L, Luce JM, White DB
• Expanding the paradigm of the physician's role in surrogate decision-making: an empirically derived framework.
  Critical care medicine 2010 White DB, Malvar G, Karr J, Lo B, Curtis JR
• Serving two masters--conflicts of interest in academic medicine.
  The New England journal of medicine 2010 Lo B
• Research ethics. NIH guidelines for stem cell research and gamete donors.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2010 Lo B, Parham L, Cedars M, Fisher S, Gates E, Giudice L, Halme DG, Hershon W, Kriegstein A, Rao R, Roberts C, Wagner R
• Cloning mice and men: prohibiting the use of iPS cells for human reproductive cloning.
  Cell stem cell 2010 Lo B, Parham L, Alvarez-Buylla A, Cedars M, Conklin B, Fisher S, Gates E, Giudice L, Halme DG, Hershon W, Kriegstein A, Kwok PY, Wagner R
• Commentary: Conflict of interest policies: an opportunity for the medical profession to take the lead.
  Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2010 Lo B
• Ethical Issues in Clinical Research: A Practical Guide
  Ethical Issues in Clinical Research: A Practical Guide 2010 Lo B
• Resolving ethical issues in stem cell clinical trials: the example of Parkinson disease.
  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2010 Lo B, Parham L
• The impact of web 2.0 on the doctor-patient relationship.
  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2010 Lo B, Parham L
• Strengthening institutional review board review of highly innovative interventions in clinical trials.
  JAMA 2009 Lo B, Grady D
• Placebo prescriptions are missed opportunities for doctor-patient communication.
  The American journal of bioethics : AJOB 2009 Schenker Y, Fernandez A, Lo B
• Consent: criteria should be drawn up for tissue donors.
  Nature 2009 Lo B, Conklin BR
• Last-resort options for palliative sedation.
  Annals of internal medicine 2009 Quill TE, Lo B, Brock DW, Meisel A
• Are physicians' recommendations to limit life support beneficial or burdensome? Bringing empirical data to the debate.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2009 White DB, Evans LR, Bautista CA, Luce JM, Lo B
• Ethical issues in stem cell research.
  Endocrine reviews 2009 Lo B, Parham L
• Obtaining consent for future research with induced pluripotent cells: opportunities and challenges.
  PLoS biology 2009 Aalto-Setälä K, Conklin BR, Lo B
• Importing human pluripotent stem cell lines derived at another institution: tailoring review to ethical concerns.
  Cell stem cell 2009 Lo B, Parham L, Broom C, Cedars M, Gates E, Giudice L, Halme DG, Hershon W, Kriegstein A, Kwok PY, Oberman M, Roberts C, Wagner R
• Who should receive life support during a public health emergency? Using ethical principles to improve allocation decisions.
  Annals of internal medicine 2009 White DB, Katz MH, Luce JM, Lo B
• Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: A Guide for Clinicians
  Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: A Guide for Clinicians 2009 Lo B
• Hope, truth, and preparing for death: perspectives of surrogate decision makers.
  Annals of internal medicine 2008 Apatira L, Boyd EA, Malvar G, Evans LR, Luce JM, Lo B, White DB
• Surrogate decision-makers' perspectives on discussing prognosis in the face of uncertainty.
  American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2008 Evans LR, Boyd EA, Malvar G, Apatira L, Luce JM, Lo B, White DB
• The language of prognostication in intensive care units.
  Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making 2008 White DB, Engelberg RA, Wenrich MD, Lo B, Curtis JR
• Navigating language barriers under difficult circumstances.
  Annals of internal medicine 2008 Schenker Y, Lo B, Ettinger KM, Fernandez A
• Medical students' experiences with medical errors: an analysis of medical student essays.
  Medical education 2008 Martinez W, Lo B
• Clinical trials in stem cell transplantation: guidelines for scientific and ethical review.
  Clinical trials (London, England) 2008 Lo B, Kriegstein A, Grady D
• Human papillomavirus vaccination programmes.
  BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2007 Lo B
• Life support for patients without a surrogate decision maker: who decides?
  Annals of internal medicine 2007 White DB, Curtis JR, Wolf LE, Prendergast TJ, Taichman DB, Kuniyoshi G, Acerra F, Lo B, Luce JM
• The obligation to provide antiretroviral treatment in HIV prevention trials.
  AIDS (London, England) 2007 Lo B, Padian N, Barnes M
• Responsible oversight of human stem cell research: the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine's medical and ethical standards.
  PLoS medicine 2007 Lomax GP, Hall ZW, Lo B
• Lessons from an HIV transmission pair.
  The Journal of infectious diseases 2007 Hecht FM, Wolf LE, Lo B
• Clinical decision-making: physicians' preferences and experiences.
  BMC family practice 2007 Murray E, Pollack L, White M, Lo B
• Prognostication during physician-family discussions about limiting life support in intensive care units.
  Critical care medicine 2007 White DB, Engelberg RA, Wenrich MD, Lo B, Curtis JR
• Establishing procedures for institutional oversight of stem cell research.
  Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2007 Zettler P, Wolf LE, Lo B
• Clinical decision-making: Patients' preferences and experiences.
  Patient education and counseling 2006 Murray E, Pollack L, White M, Lo B
• Decisions to limit life-sustaining treatment for critically ill patients who lack both decision-making capacity and surrogate decision-makers.
  Critical care medicine 2006 White DB, Curtis JR, Lo B, Luce JM
• Strengthening community consultation in critical care and emergency research.
  Critical care medicine 2006 Lo B
• HPV vaccine and adolescents' sexual activity.
  BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2006 Lo B
• Clinical trial design issues raised during recombinant DNA advisory committee review of gene transfer protocols.
  Human gene therapy 2006 Scharschmidt T, Lo B
• A new era in the ethics of human embryonic stem cell research.
  Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 2005 Lo B, Zettler P, Cedars MI, Gates E, Kriegstein AR, Oberman M, Reijo Pera R, Wagner RM, Wuerth MT, Wolf LE, Yamamoto KR
• Palliative sedation in dying patients: "we turn to it when everything else hasn't worked".
  JAMA 2005 Lo B, Rubenfeld G
• Clinical decision making during public health emergencies: ethical considerations.
  Annals of internal medicine 2005 Lo B, Katz MH
• 'She gave it her best shot right away': patient experiences of biomedical and patient-centered communication.
  Patient education and counseling 2005 Swenson SL, Zettler P, Lo B
• Institutional review board guidance on pediatric research: missed opportunities.
  The Journal of pediatrics 2005 Wolf LE, Zandecki J, Lo B
• Human subjects issues and IRB review in practice-based research.
  Annals of family medicine 2005 Wolf LE, Walden JF, Lo B
• HIPAA and patient care: the role for professional judgment.
  JAMA 2005 Lo B, Dornbrand L, Dubler NN
• Advance care planning.
  The American journal of geriatric cardiology 2004 Lo B
• Informed consent in human oocyte, embryo, and embryonic stem cell research.
  Fertility and sterility 2004 Lo B, Chou V, Cedars MI, Gates E, Taylor RN, Wagner RM, Wolf L, Yamamoto KR
• Resuscitating advance directives.
  Archives of internal medicine 2004 Lo B, Steinbrook R
• Untapped potential: IRB guidance for the ethical research use of stored biological materials.
  IRB 2004 Wolf LE, Lo B
• Informed consent in HIV research.
  Focus (San Francisco, Calif.) 2004 Wolf LE, Lo B
• Legal barriers to implementing recommendations for universal, routine prenatal HIV testing.
  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2004 Wolf LE, Lo B, Gostin LO
• Research with vulnerable participants.
  The Journal of clinical ethics 2004 Lo B
• Direct-to-consumer advertising: physicians' views of its effects on quality of care and the doctor-patient relationship.
  The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 2003 Murray E, Lo B, Pollack L, Donelan K, Lee K
• Answers and questions about ethics consultations.
  JAMA 2003 Lo B
• The impact of health information on the Internet on health care and the physician-patient relationship: national U.S. survey among 1.050 U.S. physicians.
  Journal of medical Internet research 2003 Murray E, Lo B, Pollack L, Donelan K, Catania J, Lee K, Zapert K, Turner R
• Medicine. Consent from donors for embryo and stem cell research.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 2003 Lo B, Chou V, Cedars MI, Gates E, Taylor RN, Wagner RM, Wolf L, Yamamoto KR
• Establishing ethical trials for treatment and prevention of AIDS in developing countries.
  BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2003 Lo B, Bayer R
• The impact of health information on the internet on the physician-patient relationship: patient perceptions.
  Archives of internal medicine 2003 Murray E, Lo B, Pollack L, Donelan K, Catania J, White M, Zapert K, Turner R
• Oversight of quality improvement: focusing on benefits and risks.
  Archives of internal medicine 2003 Lo B, Groman M
• Responding to requests regarding prayer and religious ceremonies by patients near the end of life and their families.
  Journal of palliative medicine 2003 Lo B, Kates LW, Ruston D, Arnold RM, Cohen CB, Puchalski CM, Pantilat SZ, Rabow MW, Schreiber RS, Tulsky JA
• Directions in research on spiritual and religious isues for imprroving palliative care.
  Palliative & supportive care 2003 Lo B, Chou V
• The roles and experiences of nonaffiliated and non-scientist members of institutional review boards.
  Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2003 Sengupta S, Lo B
• The challenges of IRB review and human subjects protections in practice-based research.
  Medical care 2002 Wolf LE, Croughan M, Lo B
• The Wendland case--withdrawing life support from incompetent patients who are not terminally ill.
  The New England journal of medicine 2002 Lo B, Dornbrand L, Wolf LE, Groman M
• Strategies for culturally effective end-of-life care.
  Annals of internal medicine 2002 Crawley LM, Marshall PA, Lo B, Koenig BA, End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel
• How do patients view the role of the primary care physician in inpatient care?
  Disease-a-month : DM 2002 Hruby M, Pantilat SZ, Lo B
• Discussing religious and spiritual issues at the end of life: a practical guide for physicians.
  JAMA 2002 Lo B, Ruston D, Kates LW, Arnold RM, Cohen CB, Faber-Langendoen K, Pantilat SZ, Puchalski CM, Quill TR, Rabow MW, Schreiber S, Sulmasy DP, Tulsky JA, Working Group on Religious and Spiritual Issues at…
• Care at the end of life: guiding practice where there are no easy answers.
  Annals of internal medicine 1999 Lo B, Snyder L
• Discussing palliative care with patients. ACP-ASIM End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel. American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine.
  Annals of internal medicine 1999 Lo B, Quill T, Tulsky J
• Avoiding family feuds: responding to surrogate demands for life-sustaining interventions.
  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 1999 Alpers A, Lo B
• Palliative options of last resort: a comparison of voluntarily stopping eating and drinking, terminal sedation, physician-assisted suicide, and voluntary active euthanasia.
  JAMA 1997 Quill TE, Lo B, Brock DW
• To tell the truth: ethical and practical issues in disclosing medical mistakes to patients.
  Journal of general internal medicine 1997 Wu AW, Cavanaugh TA, McPhee SJ, Lo B, Micco GP
• Parental consent for pediatric cadaveric organ donation.
  Transplantation proceedings 1997 Weiss AH, Fortinsky RH, Laughlin J, Lo B, Adler NE, Mudge C, Dimand RJ
• A middle ground on physician-assisted suicide.
  Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees 1996 Tulsky JA, Alpers A, Lo B
• Physician-assisted suicide in context: constitutional, regulatory, and professional challenges.
  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 1996 Lo B, Rothenberg KH, Vasko M
• Improving care near the end of life. Why is it so hard?
  JAMA 1995 Lo B
• Physician-assisted suicide in Oregon. A bold experiment.
  JAMA 1995 Alpers A, Lo B
• Laws mandating reporting of domestic violence. Do they promote patient well-being?
  JAMA 1995 Hyman A, Schillinger D, Lo B
• When is CPR futile?
  JAMA 1995 Alpers A, Lo B
• How house officers cope with their mistakes.
  The Western journal of medicine 1993 Wu AW, Folkman S, McPhee SJ, Lo B
• A novel use of the link-file system for longitudinal studies of HIV infection: a practical solution to an ethical dilemma.
  AIDS (London, England) 1993 Avins AL, Woods WJ, Lo B, Hulley SB
• Futility: not just a medical issue.
  Law, medicine & health care : a publication of the American Society of Law & Medicine 1992 Alpers A, Lo B
• Unanswered questions about DNR orders.
  JAMA 1991 Lo B
• Informing physicians about promising new treatments for severe illnesses.
  JAMA 1990 Steinbrook R, Lo B
• To tell or not to tell: the ethical dilemmas of HIV test notification in epidemiologic research.
  American journal of public health 1989 Avins AL, Lo B
• Decisions about resuscitation: inequities among patients with different diseases but similar prognoses.
  Annals of internal medicine 1989 Wachter RM, Luce JM, Hearst N, Lo B
• Understanding the benefits and burdens of tube feedings.
  Archives of internal medicine 1989 Lo B, Dornbrand L
• The physician's responsibility toward hopelessly ill patients. A second look.
  The New England journal of medicine 1989 Wanzer SH, Federman DD, Adelstein SJ, Cassel CK, Cassem EH, Cranford RE, Hook EW, Lo B, Moertel CG, Safar P
• Life-sustaining treatment for patients with AIDS.
  Chest 1989 Wachter RM, Luce JM, Lo B, Raffin TA
• Knowledge and concerns about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and their relationship to behavior among adolescents with hemophilia.
  Pediatrics 1989 Overby KJ, Lo B, Litt IF
• Behind closed doors. Promises and pitfalls of ethics committees.
  The New England journal of medicine 1987 Lo B
• Patient attitudes to discussing life-sustaining treatment.
  Archives of internal medicine 1986 Lo B, McLeod GA, Saika G
• The case of Claire Conroy: will administrative review safeguard incompetent patients?
  Annals of internal medicine 1986 Lo B, Dornbrand L
• Preferences of homosexual men with AIDS for life-sustaining treatment.
  The New England journal of medicine 1986 Steinbrook R, Lo B, Moulton J, Saika G, Hollander H, Volberding PA
• The Bartling case. Protecting patients from harm while respecting their wishes.
  Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1986 Lo B
• The case of Elizabeth Bouvia. Starvation, suicide, or problem patient?
  Archives of internal medicine 1986 Steinbrook R, Lo B
• Ethical dilemmas in caring for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
  Annals of internal medicine 1985 Steinbrook R, Lo B, Tirpack J, Dilley JW, Volberding PA
• How do doctors discuss do-not-resuscitate orders?
  The Western journal of medicine 1985 Miller A, Lo B
• 'Do not resuscitate' decisions. A prospective study at three teaching hospitals.
  Archives of internal medicine 1985 Lo B, Saika G, Strull W, Thomas E, Showstack J
• Do patients want to participate in medical decision making?
  JAMA 1984 Strull WM, Lo B, Charles G
• Guiding the hand that feeds. Caring for the demented elderly.
  The New England journal of medicine 1984 Lo B, Dornbrand L
• The death of Clarence Herbert: withdrawing care is not murder.
  Annals of internal medicine 1984 Lo B
• Decision making for incompetent patients by designated proxy. California's new law.
  The New England journal of medicine 1984 Steinbrook R, Lo B
• How good is communication between primary care physicians and subspecialty consultants?
  Archives of internal medicine 1984 McPhee SJ, Lo B, Saika GY, Meltzer R
• Cost containment confronts physicians.
  Annals of internal medicine 1984 McPhee SJ, Myers LP, Lo B, Charles G
• Deciding whether to resuscitate.
  Archives of internal medicine 1983 Lo B, Steinbrook RL
• Frequency of ethical dilemmas in a medical inpatient service.
  Archives of internal medicine 1981 Lo B, Schroeder SA
• Clinical decisions to limit treatment.
  Annals of internal medicine 1980 Lo B, Jonsen AR
• Ethical decisions in the care of a patient terminally ill with metastatic cancer.
  Annals of internal medicine 1980 Lo B, Jonsen AR
• Ethical dilemmas and the clinician.
  Annals of internal medicine 1980 Lo B, Jonsen AR
• The ethics of medicine: an annotated bibliography of recent literature.
  Annals of internal medicine 1980 Jonsen AR, Cassel C, Lo B, Perkins HS