Alan Frankel, PhD
Professor
Biochemistry and Biophysics
School of Medicine

Interests

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• RNA structure and function
• Virology
• Structural Biology

Websites

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• Frankel Lab (frankellab.ucsf.edu)

Grants and Projects

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• HARC Center: HIV Accessory and Regulatory Complexes, NIH, 2007-2022
• Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics, NIH/NCRR, 1976-2012
• Activity and inhibition of the TAT protein from HIV, NIH, 1989-2010
• Genetic Assay for Inhibitors of RNA-Protein Interactions, NIH, 2003-2008
• Structure Biology and Targeted Drug Design for AIDS, NIH, 1997-2007
• Structural Diversity of RNA-Binding Proteins, NIH, 1993-2007
• Genetic Assay for Inhibitors of RNA-Protein Interactions, NIH, 2003-2005
• Structure, Mechanism and Inhibition of Hiv Proteins, NIH, 1987-2004

Publications (127)

Top publication keywords:
Response ElementsNucleic Acid ConformationVirus ReplicationGene Products, tatGene Products, revHIVTranscriptional ActivationGene Expression Regulation, Viraltat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusRNA, ViralRNAHIV-1RNA-Binding ProteinsHIV Long Terminal Repeatrev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• The HIV-1 Nuclear Export Complex Reveals the Role of RNA in Crm1 Cargo Recognition.
  bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024 Smith AM, Li Y, Velarde A, Cheng Y, Frankel AD
• Enhanced NF-κB activation via HIV-1 Tat-TRAF6 cross-talk.
  Science advances 2024 Li Y, Liu X, Fujinaga K, Gross JD, Frankel AD
• Functional and structural segregation of overlapping helices in HIV-1.
  eLife 2022 Safari M, Jayaraman B, Yang S, Smith C, Fernandes JD, Frankel AD
• Global post-translational modification profiling of HIV-1-infected cells reveals mechanisms of host cellular pathway remodeling.
  Cell reports 2022 Johnson JR, Crosby DC, Hultquist JF, Kurland AP, Adhikary P, Li D, Marlett J, Swann J, Hüttenhain R, Verschueren E, Johnson TL, Newton BW, Shales M, Simon VA, Beltrao P, Frankel AD, Marson A, Cox JS, …
• Phosphoregulation of Phase Separation by the SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Suggests a Biophysical Basis for its Dual Functions.
  Molecular cell 2020 Carlson CR, Asfaha JB, Ghent CM, Howard CJ, Hartooni N, Safari M, Frankel AD, Morgan DO

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• A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
  Nature 2020 Gordon DE, Jang GM, Bouhaddou M, Xu J, Obernier K, White KM, O'Meara MJ, Rezelj VV, Guo JZ, Swaney DL, Tummino TA, Hüttenhain R, Kaake RM, Richards AL, Tutuncuoglu B, Foussard H, Batra J, Haas K, …
• A Quantitative Genetic Interaction Map of HIV Infection.
  Molecular cell 2020 Gordon DE, Watson A, Roguev A, Zheng S, Jang GM, Kane J, Xu J, Guo JZ, Stevenson E, Swaney DL, Franks-Skiba K, Verschueren E, Shales M, Crosby DC, Frankel AD, Marson A, Marazzi I, Cagney G, Krogan NJ
• ARIH2 Is a Vif-Dependent Regulator of CUL5-Mediated APOBEC3G Degradation in HIV Infection.
  Cell host & microbe 2019 Hüttenhain R, Xu J, Burton LA, Gordon DE, Hultquist JF, Johnson JR, Satkamp L, Hiatt J, Rhee DY, Baek K, Crosby DC, Frankel AD, Marson A, Harper JW, Alpi AF, Schulman BA, Gross JD, Krogan NJ
• Highly Mutable Linker Regions Regulate HIV-1 Rev Function and Stability.
  Scientific reports 2019 Jayaraman B, Fernandes JD, Yang S, Smith C, Frankel AD
• Discovery of a Branched Peptide That Recognizes the Rev Response Element (RRE) RNA and Blocks HIV-1 Replication.
  Journal of medicinal chemistry 2018 Dai Y, Wynn JE, Peralta AN, Sherpa C, Jayaraman B, Li H, Verma A, Frankel AD, Le Grice SF, Santos WL
• The HIV-1 Tat protein recruits a ubiquitin ligase to reorganize the 7SK snRNP for transcriptional activation.
  eLife 2018 Faust TB, Li Y, Bacon CW, Jang GM, Weiss A, Jayaraman B, Newton BW, Krogan NJ, D'Orso I, Frankel AD
• Making Sense of Multifunctional Proteins: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Accessory and Regulatory Proteins and Connections to Transcription.
  Annual review of virology 2017 Faust TB, Binning JM, Gross JD, Frankel AD
• Identification and Optimization of Thienopyridine Carboxamides as Inhibitors of HIV Regulatory Complexes.
  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2017 Nakamura RL, Burlingame MA, Yang S, Crosby DC, Talbot DJ, Chui K, Frankel AD, Renslo AR
• PJA2 ubiquitinates the HIV-1 Tat protein with atypical chain linkages to activate viral transcription.
  Scientific reports 2017 Faust TB, Li Y, Jang GM, Johnson JR, Yang S, Weiss A, Krogan NJ, Frankel AD
• Functional Segregation of Overlapping Genes in HIV.
  Cell 2016 Fernandes JD, Faust TB, Strauli NB, Smith C, Crosby DC, Nakamura RL, Hernandez RD, Frankel AD
• Oligomeric viral proteins: small in size, large in presence.
  Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology 2016 Jayaraman B, Smith AM, Fernandes JD, Frankel AD
• A structurally plastic ribonucleoprotein complex mediates post-transcriptional gene regulation in HIV-1.
  Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 2016 Fernandes JD, Booth DS, Frankel AD
• Thermodynamics of Rev-RNA interactions in HIV-1 Rev-RRE assembly.
  Biochemistry 2015 Jayaraman B, Mavor D, Gross JD, Frankel AD
• Selective Targeting of Cells via Bispecific Molecules That Exploit Coexpression of Two Intracellular Proteins.
  ACS chemical biology 2015 Dunyak BM, Nakamura RL, Frankel AD, Gestwicki JE
• RNA-directed remodeling of the HIV-1 protein Rev orchestrates assembly of the Rev-Rev response element complex.
  eLife 2014 Jayaraman B, Crosby DC, Homer C, Ribeiro I, Mavor D, Frankel AD
• The export receptor Crm1 forms a dimer to promote nuclear export of HIV RNA.
  eLife 2014 Booth DS, Cheng Y, Frankel AD
• A cell-based method for screening RNA-protein interactions: identification of constitutive transport element-interacting proteins.
  PloS one 2012 Nakamura RL, Landt SG, Mai E, Nejim J, Chen L, Frankel AD
• Transition step during assembly of HIV Tat:P-TEFb transcription complexes and transfer to TAR RNA.
  Molecular and cellular biology 2012 D'Orso I, Jang GM, Pastuszak AW, Faust TB, Quezada E, Booth DS, Frankel AD
• Transcription control by long non-coding RNAs.
  Transcription 2012 Faust T, Frankel A, D'Orso I
• The HIV-1 Rev response element: an RNA scaffold that directs the cooperative assembly of a homo-oligomeric ribonucleoprotein complex.
  RNA biology 2012 Fernandes J, Jayaraman B, Frankel A
• Global landscape of HIV-human protein complexes.
  Nature 2011 Jäger S, Cimermancic P, Gulbahce N, Johnson JR, McGovern KE, Clarke SC, Shales M, Mercenne G, Pache L, Li K, Hernandez H, Jang GM, Roth SL, Akiva E, Marlett J, Stephens M, D'Orso I, Fernandes J, Fahey…
• GPS-Prot: a web-based visualization platform for integrating host-pathogen interaction data.
  BMC bioinformatics 2011 Fahey ME, Bennett MJ, Mahon C, Jäger S, Pache L, Kumar D, Shapiro A, Rao K, Chanda SK, Craik CS, Frankel AD, Krogan NJ
• Comparative analysis of RNA/protein dynamics for the arginine-rich-binding motif and zinc-finger-binding motif proteins encoded by HIV-1.
  Biophysical journal 2010 Wang H, Ma X, Yeh YS, Zhu Y, Daugherty MD, Frankel AD, Musier-Forsyth K, Barbara PF
• An SF1 affinity model to identify branch point sequences in human introns.
  Nucleic acids research 2010 Pastuszak AW, Joachimiak MP, Blanchette M, Rio DC, Brenner SE, Frankel AD
• Structural basis for cooperative RNA binding and export complex assembly by HIV Rev.
  Nature structural & molecular biology 2010 Daugherty MD, Liu B, Frankel AD
• HIV-1 Tat: Its Dependence on Host Factors is Crystal Clear.
  Viruses 2010 D'Orso I, Frankel AD
• Purification and characterization of HIV-human protein complexes.
  Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 2010 Jäger S, Gulbahce N, Cimermancic P, Kane J, He N, Chou S, D'Orso I, Fernandes J, Jang G, Frankel AD, Alber T, Zhou Q, Krogan NJ
• HIV Rev response element (RRE) directs assembly of the Rev homooligomer into discrete asymmetric complexes.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 Daugherty MD, Booth DS, Jayaraman B, Cheng Y, Frankel AD
• RNA-mediated displacement of an inhibitory snRNP complex activates transcription elongation.
  Nature structural & molecular biology 2010 D'Orso I, Frankel AD
• Host cell factors in HIV replication: meta-analysis of genome-wide studies.
  PLoS pathogens 2009 Bushman FD, Malani N, Fernandes J, D'Orso I, Cagney G, Diamond TL, Zhou H, Hazuda DJ, Espeseth AS, König R, Bandyopadhyay S, Ideker T, Goff SP, Krogan NJ, Frankel AD, Young JA, Chanda SK
• Tat acetylation modulates assembly of a viral-host RNA-protein transcription complex.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 D'Orso I, Frankel AD
• Nucleocapsid Protein Locally Melts The Iib Region Of Hiv-1 Rre Rna, But Rev Protein Does Not: A Single-molecule Spectroscopic Study.
  Biophysical Journal 2009 Yu-shan Yeh, Hui Wang, Paul F. Barbara, Matthew D. Daugherty, Alan D. Frankel, Karin Musier-Forsyth
• A solution to limited genomic capacity: using adaptable binding surfaces to assemble the functional HIV Rev oligomer on RNA.
  Molecular cell 2008 Daugherty MD, D'Orso I, Frankel AD
• Targeting tat inhibitors in the assembly of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription complexes.
  Journal of virology 2008 D'Orso I, Grunwell JR, Nakamura RL, Das C, Frankel AD
• ISFOLD: structure prediction of base pairs in non-helical RNA motifs from isostericity signatures in their sequence alignments.
  Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 2008 Mokdad A, Frankel AD
• An alpha-helical peptidomimetic inhibitor of the HIV-1 Rev-RRE interaction.
  Journal of the American Chemical Society 2006 Mills NL, Daugherty MD, Frankel AD, Guy RK
• A simple motif for protein recognition in DNA secondary structures.
  Journal of molecular biology 2005 Landt SG, Ramirez A, Daugherty MD, Frankel AD
• Viral RNA gymnastics.
  Nature chemical biology 2005 Calabro V, Frankel AD
• Localized influence of 2'-hydroxyl groups and helix geometry on protein recognition in the RNA major groove.
  Biochemistry 2005 Landt SG, Tipton AR, Frankel AD
• A single intermolecular contact mediates intramolecular stabilization of both RNA and protein.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 Calabro V, Daugherty MD, Frankel AD
• Selection of TAR RNA-binding chameleon peptides by using a retroviral replication system.
  Journal of virology 2004 Xie B, Calabro V, Wainberg MA, Frankel AD
• Ab initio interaction energies of hydrogen-bonded amino acid side chain[bond]nucleic acid base interactions.
  Journal of the American Chemical Society 2004 Cheng AC, Frankel AD
• Evidence for conformational flexibility in the Tat-TAR recognition motif of cyclin T1.
  Virology 2004 Das C, Edgcomb SP, Peteranderl R, Chen L, Frankel AD
• Sequence and structure space of RNA-binding peptides.
  Biopolymers 2003 Das C, Frankel AD
• Recognition of nucleic acid bases and base-pairs by hydrogen bonding to amino acid side-chains.
  Journal of molecular biology 2003 Cheng AC, Chen WW, Fuhrmann CN, Frankel AD
• Structural diversity and isomorphism of hydrogen-bonded base interactions in nucleic acids.
  Journal of molecular biology 2003 Walberer BJ, Cheng AC, Frankel AD
• Replication of human immunodeficiency viruses engineered with heterologous Tat-transactivation response element interactions.
  Journal of virology 2003 Xie B, Wainberg MA, Frankel AD
• Selection of RRE RNA binding peptides using a kanamycin antitermination assay.
  RNA (New York, N.Y.) 2003 Peled-Zehavi H, Horiya S, Das C, Harada K, Frankel AD
• Design of RNA-binding proteins and ligands.
  Current opinion in structural biology 2001 Cheng AC, Calabro V, Frankel AD
• Recognition of RNA branch point sequences by the KH domain of splicing factor 1 (mammalian branch point binding protein) in a splicing factor complex.
  Molecular and cellular biology 2001 Peled-Zehavi H, Berglund JA, Rosbash M, Frankel AD
• Molecular dynamics and binding specificity analysis of the bovine immunodeficiency virus BIV Tat-TAR complex.
  Biophysical journal 2001 Reyes CM, Nifosì R, Frankel AD, Kollman PA
• Structural characterization of the complex of the Rev response element RNA with a selected peptide.
  Chemistry & biology 2001 Zhang Q, Harada K, Cho HS, Frankel AD, Wemmer DE
• Structure-based design of a dimeric RNA-peptide complex.
  The EMBO journal 2001 Campisi DM, Calabro V, Frankel AD
• An RNA-binding chameleon.
  Molecular cell 2000 Smith CA, Calabro V, Frankel AD
• Fitting peptides into the RNA world.
  Current opinion in structural biology 2000 Frankel AD
• Structure determination and binding kinetics of a DNA aptamer-argininamide complex.
  Biochemistry 2000 Robertson SA, Harada K, Frankel AD, Wemmer DE
• Screening RNA-binding libraries by transcriptional antitermination in bacteria.
  Methods in enzymology 2000 Peled-Zehavi H, Smith CA, Harada K, Frankel AD
• Screening RNA-binding libraries using Tat-fusion system in mammalian cells.
  Methods in enzymology 2000 Landt SG, Tan R, Frankel AD
• Screening in vivo for RNA-binding peptides from combinatorial libraries.
  Nucleic acids symposium series 2000 Harada K, Horiya S, Zehavi H, Frankel AD
• Using peptides as models of RNA-protein interactions.
  Methods in enzymology 2000 Smith CA, Chen L, Frankel AD
• If the loop fits...
  Nature structural biology 1999 Frankel AD
• Structure-based design of an RNA-binding zinc finger.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999 McColl DJ, Honchell CD, Frankel AD
• RNase treatment of yeast and mammalian cell extracts affects in vitro substrate methylation by type I protein arginine N-methyltransferases.
  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1999 Frankel A, Clarke S
• In vivo selection of RNA-binding peptides from combinatorial libraries.
  Nucleic acids symposium series 1999 Harada K, Martin SS, Frankel AD
• Screening RNA-binding libraries using a bacterial transcription antitermination assay.
  Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 1999 Harada K, Frankel AD
• Altering the context of an RNA bulge switches the binding specificities of two viral Tat proteins.
  Biochemistry 1998 Smith CA, Crotty S, Harada Y, Frankel AD
• A novel glutamine-RNA interaction identified by screening libraries in mammalian cells.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 Tan R, Frankel AD
• Induced folding in RNA-protein recognition: more than a simple molecular handshake.
  Cell 1998 Frankel AD, Smith CA
• HIV-1: fifteen proteins and an RNA.
  Annual review of biochemistry 1998 Frankel AD, Young JA
• Molding a peptide into an RNA site by in vivo peptide evolution.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997 Harada K, Martin SS, Tan R, Frankel AD
• Dissection of the proposed base triple in human immunodeficiency virus TAR RNA indicates the importance of the Hoogsteen interaction.
  Biochemistry 1997 Tao J, Chen L, Frankel AD
• RNA Recognition by HIV-1 Tat and Rev.
  Seminars in Virology 1997 Ruoying Tan, Alexander Brodsky, James R. Williamson, Alan D. Frankel
• Alpha helix-RNA major groove recognition in an HIV-1 rev peptide-RRE RNA complex.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 1996 Battiste JL, Mao H, Rao NS, Tan R, Muhandiram DR, Kay LE, Frankel AD, Williamson JR
• Selection of RNA-binding peptides in vivo.
  Nature 1996 Harada K, Martin SS, Frankel AD
• Arginine-binding RNAs resembling TAR identified by in vitro selection.
  Biochemistry 1996 Tao J, Frankel AD
• Assignment and modeling of the Rev Response Element RNA bound to a Rev peptide using 13C-heteronuclear NMR.
  Journal of biomolecular NMR 1995 Battiste JL, Tan R, Frankel AD, Williamson JR
• Identification of two novel arginine binding DNAs.
  The EMBO journal 1995 Harada K, Frankel AD
• Solution structure of a bovine immunodeficiency virus Tat-TAR peptide-RNA complex.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 1995 Puglisi JD, Chen L, Blanchard S, Frankel AD
• Structural variety of arginine-rich RNA-binding peptides.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995 Tan R, Frankel AD
• A peptide interaction in the major groove of RNA resembles protein interactions in the minor groove of DNA.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995 Chen L, Frankel AD
• Increased cellular uptake of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein after modification with biotin.
  Analytical biochemistry 1995 Chen LL, Frankel AD, Harder JL, Fawell S, Barsoum J, Pepinsky B
• Rapamycin enhances apoptosis and increases sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro.
  Cancer research 1995 Shi Y, Frankel A, Radvanyi LG, Penn LZ, Miller RG, Mills GB
• Interaction of HIV Rev peptides with the Rev response element RNA.
  Nucleic acids symposium series 1995 Williamson JR, Battiste JL, Mao H, Frankel AD
• Costabilization of peptide and RNA structure in an HIV Rev peptide-RRE complex.
  Biochemistry 1994 Tan R, Frankel AD
• Binding of an HIV Rev peptide to Rev responsive element RNA induces formation of purine-purine base pairs.
  Biochemistry 1994 Battiste JL, Tan R, Frankel AD, Williamson JR
• An RNA-binding peptide from bovine immunodeficiency virus Tat protein recognizes an unusual RNA structure.
  Biochemistry 1994 Chen L, Frankel AD
• Factors associated with airway colonisation and invasion due to Klebsiella spp.
  South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 1993 Feldman C, Smith C, Kaka S, de Jong P, Goolam Mahomed A, Frankel A, Koornhof HJ
• ChemInform Abstract: Tactics and Strategies in Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis: New Directions, Methods and Applications.
  ChemInform 1993 S. BIANCALANA, D. HUDSON, M. H. LYTTLE, C. R. JOHNSON, D. S. TSOU, P. B. WRIGHT, G. BARANY, B. J. CALNAN, A. D. FRANKEL, ET AL. ET AL.
• RNA recognition by an isolated alpha helix.
  Cell 1993 Tan R, Chen L, Buettner JA, Hudson D, Frankel AD
• Role of RNA structure in arginine recognition of TAR RNA.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993 Puglisi JD, Chen L, Frankel AD, Williamson JR
• ChemInform Abstract: Approaches Towards the Automated Synthesis of Genes and Proteins.
  ChemInform 1993 R. M. COOK, S. BIANCALANA, D. HUDSON, A. D. FRANKEL, D. S. TSOU, M. LYTTLE, N. SINHA
• Electrostatic interactions modulate the RNA-binding and transactivation specificities of the human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993 Tao J, Frankel AD
• The importance of being flexible.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1992 Frankel AD
• Peptide models of the Tat-TAR protein-RNA interaction.
  Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 1992 Frankel AD
• Circular dichroism studies suggest that TAR RNA changes conformation upon specific binding of arginine or guanidine.
  Biochemistry 1992 Tan R, Frankel AD
• Conformation of the TAR RNA-arginine complex by NMR spectroscopy.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 1992 Puglisi JD, Tan R, Calnan BJ, Frankel AD, Williamson JR
• Activation of HIV transcription by Tat.
  Current opinion in genetics & development 1992 Frankel AD
• Specific binding of arginine to TAR RNA.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1992 Tao J, Frankel AD
• Structure of a ricin mutant showing rescue of activity by a noncatalytic residue.
  Biochemistry 1992 Kim Y, Mlsna D, Monzingo AF, Ready MP, Frankel A, Robertus JD
• Specific binding of a basic peptide from HIV-1 Rev.
  The EMBO journal 1992 Kjems J, Calnan BJ, Frankel AD, Sharp PA
• The Arginine Fork: Correction.
  Science 1992 Alan D. Frankel, Jianshi Tao
• RNA binding by the HIV-1 Tat protein.
  Peptides 1992 Barbara J. Calnan, Sara Biancalana, Bruce Tidor, Derek Hudson, Alan D. Frankel
• RNA-protein interactions.
  Cell 1991 Frankel AD, Mattaj IW, Rio DC
• Specific regulation of mRNA splicing in vitro by a peptide from HIV-1 Rev.
  Cell 1991 Kjems J, Frankel AD, Sharp PA
• Endocytosis and targeting of exogenous HIV-1 Tat protein.
  The EMBO journal 1991 Mann DA, Frankel AD
• Modular structure of transcription factors: implications for gene regulation.
  Cell 1991 Frankel AD, Kim PS
• Arginine-mediated RNA recognition: the arginine fork.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 1991 Calnan BJ, Tidor B, Biancalana S, Hudson D, Frankel AD
• The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1991 Feinberg MB, Baltimore D, Frankel AD
• Analysis of arginine-rich peptides from the HIV Tat protein reveals unusual features of RNA-protein recognition.
  Genes & development 1991 Calnan BJ, Biancalana S, Hudson D, Frankel AD
• Role of arginine 180 and glutamic acid 177 of ricin toxin A chain in enzymatic inactivation of ribosomes.
  Molecular and cellular biology 1990 Frankel A, Welsh P, Richardson J, Robertus JD
• HIV-1 Tat protein trans-activates transcription in vitro.
  Cell 1990 Marciniak RA, Calnan BJ, Frankel AD, Sharp PA
• Circular dichroism studies of the HIV-1 Rev protein and its specific RNA binding site.
  Biochemistry 1990 Daly TJ, Rusche JR, Maione TE, Frankel AD
• Inhibition of antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by Tat protein from HIV-1.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 1989 Viscidi RP, Mayur K, Lederman HM, Frankel AD
• Activity of synthetic peptides from the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1989 Frankel AD, Biancalana S, Hudson D
• Selection and characterization of ricin toxin A-chain mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Molecular and cellular biology 1989 Frankel A, Schlossman D, Welsh P, Hertler A, Withers D, Johnston S
• Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus.
  Cell 1988 Frankel AD, Pabo CO
• Combining thermostable mutations increases the stability of lambda repressor.
  Biochemistry 1988 Stearman RS, Frankel AD, Freire E, Liu BS, Pabo CO
• Dimerization of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus: a cysteine-rich peptide mimics the normal metal-linked dimer interface.
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1988 Frankel AD, Chen L, Cotter RJ, Pabo CO
• Fingering too many proteins.
  Cell 1988 Frankel AD, Pabo CO
• Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus forms a metal-linked dimer.
  Science (New York, N.Y.) 1988 Frankel AD, Bredt DS, Pabo CO
• Systematic analysis of possible hydrogen bonds between amino acid side chains and B-form DNA.
  Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 1983 Pabo CO, Jordan SR, Frankel AD
• Restriction and modification enzymes detect no allosteric changes in DNA with bound lac repressor or RNA polymerase.
  Journal of molecular biology 1981 Frankel AD, Smith HO